SOC 20
Textbook: Chapter 5
Answer questions on the slides using the textbook
What pops into your
head when Mr. V says:

Loyalty
Your Loyalties

 Jot down 10 of your loyalties (people, or things…).
Costs of Loyalties

 But there are often expectations of loyalties.
 What are the expectations for the loyalties shown here?
 Member of a Volleyball Team
 Member of a Church
 What happens when loyalties fight with each other?
Nationalism & Loyalty

 Nationalism requires that people feel a sense of
loyalty, and commitment, to their nation (textbook g.
99)
 Contending loyalties break the commitment and
weaken a sense of nationalism
…BUT…
 How deep should our
nationalism go?
Two Types of
Contending Loyalties

Nationalist &
Nationalist
 Some people see
themselves as
belonging multiple
“nations”
 Canada is called a
Nation of Nations
 Could there be conflict?
Nationalist &
Non-Nationalist
 On the other hand, our
national loyalties may
conflict with our beliefs
and other loyalties
 Example: Canada’s
legalization of gay
marriage and our
Christian beliefs
Two Types of
Contending Loyalties

 Thus people may find their loyalties in conflict for a
variety of ways.
 List, and describe two ways in which your loyalties
are in conflict.
Contending Nationalist
Loyalties

How are contending loyalties seen in Canada?
 Each Canadian needs to find something of value in
Canada – something they are loyal to
 This varies from person to person
 For many Canadians, their individual loyalties are
stronger than their loyalty to Canada. This creates
conflict.
 Let’s see some examples of contending loyalties in
Canada
French Canadian
Loyalties

 Often see loyalties to their:
 Culture & Language
 Province
 Historic backgrounds
 For example, many French Canadians
identify with the fleur-de-lis, as a
connection to France
 Similarly, as we saw with the creation of
Lower Canada, Francophones were
given a homeland – foundation of
Francophone nationalism
French Canadian
Loyalties

Language Loyalties
 What was Bill 101, and why was it
implemented?
 Why is it so divisive?
Sign: “In Quebec, French, and French only”
French Canadian
Loyalties

Quebec Sovereignty
 For some Quebecers, their Francophone loyalty is so
strong that they wish to sever all ties with Canada
 Who are the ADQ? What are their goals?
 What ideas about reconciling Quebecois nationalist
loyalties are proposed by the ADQ?
First Nations Loyalties

 Canada’s First Nations have deep loyalties to their
own nation, which causes tension with their loyalties
to Canada
Case Study: The Meech Lake Accord
 In 1981, Prime Minister Trudeau was finalizing the
patriation of Canada’s Constitution
 This would put the Constitution in Canada’s control,
not Great Britain’s
 Quebecers opposed the move, but it was completed
anyways in 1982
First Nations Loyalties

 Quebec did, however, have several demands, so a
modification to Canada’s brand new Constitution
was developed in 1987: The Meech Lake Accord
 Modifications:
 Recognition of Quebec as a ‘distinct society’
 Constitutional veto for all provinces
 Increased provincial powers with respect to
immigration
 Provincial ability to opt out of federal programs
 Provincial input into the appointment of Senators and
Supreme Court judges
First Nations Loyalties

 The accord was set to be passed very quickly, but in
Manitoba, many of the First Nations were displeased
that their needs and desires were not consulted in
the planning of the Meech Lake Accord
 An aboriginal member of Manitoba’s assembly
raised his Eagle feather in opposition to the accord –
this prevented it from passing
 A unanimous vote was needed
 The First Nations had expressed their insistence that
their needs be met
First Nations Loyalties

 The death of the Meech Lake Accord
is a landmark for both Quebecois and
First Nations Nationalism
 “…English Canada must clearly
understand that no matter what is said
or done, Quebec is, today and forever, a
distinct society, that is free and able to
assume the control of its destiny and
development.” – Robert Bourassa
First Nations Loyalties

 Explain why the Inuit opposed Uranium Mining.
 How is this an example of contending loyalties for
the Inuit?
First Nations Loyalties

 While many First Nations are loyal to Canada, others
have been unable to reconcile their loyalties
 First nations seek to reconcile their loyalties by
 Government action
 Protests & Petitions
 Legal mediation
Has Canada earned the
loyalty of Aboriginal
people?
First Nations
Loyalties
Answer the following
questions. Be detailed.
Can Aboriginal people feel a
loyalty both to Canada and
to their aboriginal nations?
Include at least three
distinct arguments /
ideas for each
Nationalist and
Non-Nationalist
Loyalties

Nation & Religion

 Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms enables all
Canadians to challenge laws if they believe their
religious rights have been infringed upon.
 The Hutterites in Alberta did exactly that.
 Why did the Hutterites oppose having their picture
taken?
 How did this cause tension with their loyalty to
Canada?
 How was the issue resolved?
Nation & Religion

 Other religious groups have certain regulations that
many Canadians would disagree with
 For example, all Sikhs are required to be armed at all
times to protect themselves.
 When Sikhism began, their members were hunted
Nation & Geography

 Think about your ties to a region. What would you
identify as your region, and how strongly are you
and the people around you attached to it?
 Do your regional loyalties contend with other
loyalties you have?
Nation & Global

 Many people feel a connection to the wider world
beyond their nation
 This is called Internationalism
 Read about the four organizations below, and
identify how they act globally




Oxfam International
Doctors Without Borders
Greenpeace
World Wildlife Fund
Nation & Beliefs

 Occasionally, our fundamental beliefs may conflict
with the choices our nation makes. E.g.:
 Humanitarianism – the belief that all human beings
deserve to be treated with respect and dignity
 How do people who believe in this principle react
when their country enters a military conflict? Can
they support it? How should they respond?
 How will they be treated by their neighbours, because
of the beliefs they hold?
Connection to the
Century

th
20
 We will discover that many of the major conflicts of
the 20th century are rooted in contending loyalties
 We will also discover that these conflicts are based
on national interest – when nations look out for
themselves