翻译第四讲
—被动语态，长句
被动语态翻译方法
长句的翻译方法
1.译成汉语主动句
2.译成汉语被动句
3.译成“把”、“使”
和“由”字句
1.顺序译法
2.变序译法
3.分句译法
一、被动语态的译法
英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是不必
说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出
主动者或者为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，
往往都用被动语态。译成汉语时，很多情
况下都可译成主动句。
1.译成汉语主动句
1. The whole country was armed in a few days.
译文：几天以内全国武装起来了。
2. The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his
youth has never been totally eradicated.
译文：他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没
全消除。
有完
2.译成汉语被动句
1.Our foreign policy is supported by the people
all over the world.
译文：我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
2. I started to explain that I could not do my
best since my spectacles had been taken away
from me, but she wouldn’t let me finish.
译文：我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的
眼镜已给拿走了，但她不准我讲完。
3.译成“把”、“使”和
“由”字句
1. Most letters from his wife, are read to
him by the nurse in the hospital.
译文：他的妻子给他的信件，大多数
是由医院里的护士念给他听的。
2. Rivers are controlled by dams.
译文：拦河坝把河流控制住了。
练习题
1.Hitler was also washed away by the storms
of history.
希特勒也被历史的风暴冲掉了。
2. After a while an agreement was arrived at.
过了一会达成了协议。
3. My first thirty years were spent in Western
America.
我的前三十年是在美国西部度过的。
4. She was blamed for everything her sisters did.
她为姊妹所做的事而受谴责。
5. Running water has long been used to
turn the wheels of industry.
很久以来，流水就被用来转动工业上
用的轮子。
被动句型的习惯译法1
It is hoped that… 希望，有人希望
It is assumed that…假设，假定
It is claimed that… 据说，有人主张
It is believed that…有人相信，大家相信
It is reported that …据报道，据通报
It is considered that…人们认为，据估计
It has said that…
据说，有人说
被动句型的习惯译法2
It is supposed that…
据推测，人们猜测
It has been announced that…已经宣布
It is asserted that…
有人主张
It is rumored that…
听说，谣传
It is noticed that… 有人指出，人们注意到
It is suggested that… 有人建议，建议
It is learned that…
人们认为，可以认为
二、长句的翻译
翻译长句时，首先要弄清原文的句法
结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其
各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的
相互逻辑关系（因果、时间顺序等）
再按照汉语特点和表达方式，正确地
译出原文的意思，不拘泥于原文的形
式。
长句的翻译方法
1.顺序译法
2.变序译法
3.分句译法
1.顺序译法
有些英语长句所叙述的一连串动作
基本上是按动作发生的时间先后安排，
也有些英语长句的内容是按逻辑关系
安排，这与汉语表达方法比较一致，
因此翻译时一般按照原文顺序译出。
If you reach Chicago by train and spend only
an hour or two there you will feel the light
wind off the lake which gives it the name
“Windy City”.
译文：如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只
在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感到从密
歇根湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是
芝加哥之所以叫做“风城”的缘故。
2.变序译法
2.1.改变定语语序
2.2.改变状语语序
2.1.改变定语语序
However, even the president Tacqueville, who predicted 150
years ago that the United States and Russia would emerge as
two great contending world powers could not have foreseen
that the nation that potentially could decide the world balance
of power in the last decades of the twentieth century, and that
could become the most powerful nation on earth during the
twenty-first century, would be China.【contending】竞争
150年前，托克维尔总统曾预言过美国和俄国
将成为互相争夺的两个世界大国；然而他却未能
预见到20世纪最后几十年具有决定世界均势潜力
并能成为21世纪地球上最强大的国家，将是中国。
2.2.改变状语语序
Solutions of the problem of old age have to be
considered against a historical back-ground of slow
but substantial changes in Chinese family structure,
caused by rising living standards and family planning.
由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生育，
中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变
化，必须根据这一历史背景考虑人到老年的问题。
3.分句译法
有时英语长句主句与从句或主句与
修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，翻译
时可按汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句
中的从句或短语化为句子，分开来叙
述，为使语意连贯，有时还可适当增
加词语。
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as
by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of
books as well as of men; and one should always live in the
best company, whether it be of books or of men.
【 companionship 】友谊，友好交往。【company】朋友。
我们往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读
的书去看他的为人。这是因为人与人之间有友谊。
/同样的，人与书也有友谊。人应该经常生活在与
最好的书以及最好的人的友谊中。
翻译题库3
42. Good health is an essential part of good life.
身体健康是幸福生活的必要前提。
43. He failed to live up to his parents' expectations.
他辜负了父母对他的期望。
44. He looks much older than his age.
他比实际年龄看上去老得多 。
45. He remains modest despite his great achievements.
尽管他取得了伟大的功绩, 但是, 仍然保持谦虚。
46.He wanted to help all the wounded people no matter which side they
were fighting for.
他想帮助所有的伤员，无论他们是为哪一方而战
47.I feel satisfied with my life.
我对我的生活感到满意。
48.I picked up the bag to protect my face from the smoke and heat.我
捡起包捂在脸上挡住烟和热 。
49.If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicat
e yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.
如果你决定学一门新的语言，你必须全身心地投入。
50.If you invest all your money in one hotel, you'll have all your eggs
in one basket.
要是你把所有的钱都投资在一个宾馆里，你就是在孤注一掷。
Thank you very much!