Aim: What Philosophical changes to the
economy did the Industrial Revolution
help to spur on?
Title: Evolution of Socialism
Do Now: Write down what you know about the
Industrial Revolution and how it affected both
employers and their workers.
- Focus on the conflict that arose between the
two classes: Bourgeoisie v. Proletariats.
Key things to keep in mind:
• Industrial Revolution
– Unfair treatment
– Unlivable/working conditions
– No representation = no unions
– Class
distinctions:
Bourgeoisie
(middle
class/rich/bosses/factory owners) vs. Proletariats
(working class, poor, etc.) = Rich got richer, while
the poor got….. well, you get the point.
– The rich utilized laissez-faire capitalism to their
great advantage
Communist Manifesto Reading
Bourgeois
oppresses
Proletariat
Ancient Rome: Patricians,
Knights
Middle Ages: Feudal Lords,
Vassals, Guildmasters
Ancient Rome: Plebeians,
Slaves
Middle Ages:
Journeymen,
Apprentices, Serts
Bourgeois
Upper Class
Proletarians
Working Class
Today’s Focus:
We will examine how the ideas of social reform
emerged as a result of the uneven distribution
of wealth caused by the Industrial Revolution.
OBJECTIVE I
Quietly
please
(Shhh!!!):
Carefully
review/actively read the handout – Yes, MARK
IT UP!!!
• Comparing & contrasting varying economic &
related political systems: Capitalism vs.
Socialism vs. Communism.
OBJECTIVE I (continued)
• Transfer the graphic organizers pictured below
onto a blank piece of paper.
• Complete reading on capitalism, socialism, and
communism and complete the organizer.
Characteristics
Is ownership
private or public?
How is society
organized?
Social Objectives
Economic
Objectives
Political System
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism
OBJECTIVE II: Ideological Differences
Economic Ideologies
Communism
Socialism
Capitalism
Laissez Faire
Political Ideology
Totalitarianism
Democracy
Ideology Rock-Paper-Scissors
• Directions/Rules
- Find a partner
- Play 3 rounds of rock-paper-scissors (1
round=best out of three shoots)
- At the end each round, the loser must give
the winner one piece of their candy
• Odds and Ends
- In game, candy=money and winning=hard
work (therefore, the harder your work the
more money you receive and vise versa)
Ideology Rock-Paper-Scissors
• What economic system was enacted at the
beginning of the game before you began playing?
What are some problems that may arise from
this system?
• What economic ideology was enacted while
playing the game? What problems may arise
from this system?
• Which economic ideology was represented as I
redistributed the candy? What problems may
arise from this system?
• Why did these economic/political ideologies
emerge after the Industrial Revolution (think
class tensions)?
Political and Economic Ideologies
• Capitalism
– Economic system in
which money is invested
in business ventures with
the goal of making a
profit, economic liberty
guarantees economic
progress
– ADAM SMITH Father of
modern capitalism
Political and Economic Ideologies
• Socialism
– Factors of production are owned
by public and operate for the
welfare of all
– Government actively plans
economy
– Other socialist ideas include
• Bentham
– UTILITARIANSIM judge
ideas, institutions and
actions on the basis of
their utility or usefulness
– Government should
provide the greatest good
for the greatest amount of
people
Political and Economic Ideologies
• Karl Marx
– Believed that economic forces
controlled society
– Wrote the Communist Manifesto
(1848) calling for “workers of the
world unite” and overthrow the
“bourgeoisie”
– Radical socialism called Marxist
– Gap between rich and poor too
wide and will widen
– More control over economy will
reduce class conflict
Communist Manifesto Reading
Bourgeois
oppresses
Proletariat
Ancient Rome: Patricians,
Knights
Middle Ages: Feudal Lords,
Vassals, Guildmasters
Ancient Rome: Plebeians,
Slaves
Middle Ages:
Journeymen,
Apprentices, Serts
Bourgeois
Upper Class
Proletarians
Working Class
Marxism
Factories
drive small
artisans out of
business
Small # of
manufacturers to
control wealth
Large
PROTELTARIAT
would revolt &
seize factories
Marxism
Proletariats
would produce
what was
NEEDED
Workers would
share profits
Creation of
economic
equality
Marxism
Workers would
control gov’t in
“Dictatorship of
the Proletariat”
Create cooperative
living and
education
The
state/government
would wither away
= classless society
Political and Economic Ideologies
• Karl Marx (cont.)
– Marx’s final phase would become
– COMMUNISM
• Complete form of socialism in which the means of
production owned by the people
• No private property
• Classless society
• All goods and services shared equally
Political and Economic Ideologies
• Karl Marx (cont.)
– Marx’s ideas of communism didn’t have much appeal
until 20th century
• Lenin’s Russia
• Mao’s China
• Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnam
• Castro’s Cuba
– Most of Marx’s predictions never occurred proving that
society is not just controlled by economic forces but also
by religion, nationalism and political forces
Use the information from reading and
your chart above to accurately place
the economic systems on the
Economic Spectrum below….
System: ___________
System:
______________
Description:
_______________
Description:
______________
OBJECTIVE 1
1. What are the means of production?
2. What is Socialism? List and then examine
some of the primary characteristics of
Socialism?
3. What led socialists and other groups to
believe that government should control the
means of production?
• Capital and equipment used to produce and
exchange goods
• Man’s/individual greed/corruption/unfair
treatment towards the “common man”, etc.
Socialism
• Socialists – viewed the capitalist system as
inherently wrong
– Belief that capitalism is designed to create poverty
and poor working conditions because of its end goal of
earning maximum profits for investors
• Socialism – government owns the means of
production
– Belief that if the government (“the people”) owns the
means of production, these factories and industries
will function in the public (as opposed to private)
interest
OBJECTIVE
III
1. Let’s try to analyze the philosophy and influences of
Robert Owen, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, see pp.
565
-66.
- Create a three-column chart (similar to the one
shown)
- Below, list and then examine their philosophy &
influences.
Social/economical
philosophers
Karl Marx
Robert Owen
Friedrich Engels
Philosophy
Influences
Early Socialist Movement
• First socialists were Utopians
– Strove to create a fair and just system
– Community divided tasks and rewards
equitably
•
•
•
•
Robert Owen
Charles Fourier
Claude Saint-Simon
Louis Blanc
Robert Owen (1771-1858)
 Utopian socialist
 Owned a textile factory in New Lanark, Scotland
 Set up a model community in New Harmony,
Indiana
 Decreased working hours
 Improved working conditions and employee
housing
 Shared management and profits with employees
 Proved that a socialist-based company could be
profitable
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
• German socialist (communist) philosopher
• Forced to leave Prussia for articles attacking the
Prussian government
• Relocated to France where he was considered too
radical
– Wrote Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels (1848)
• Relocated to England where he lived out the rest of
his life
– Wrote Das Kapital – the “bible” of socialism (1867)
• “Religion is the opiate of the people.”
– Belief that religion is designed to keep people submissive to
those in power by promising them that their reward is in
heaven
OBJECTIVE IV
1. What do you know about communism?
(reference HW #13)
- Express your opinions to this economical
system.
- Please justify your points with hard
found facts, examples, and evidence.
Marxism – Communism
Economic
Interpretation of
History
• Economic changes lead to historical changes.
• Historically, the wealthy classes have held all power.
Class Struggle
• History has been a struggle between the rich and the poor.
• In the Industrial Revolution, the struggle is between the capitalists
(owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (workers).
Surplus Value
• Workers produce all wealth but receive only enough to survive.
• “Surplus value” (profit) of the workers’ labor goes to the capitalists.
Inevitability of
Socialism
• Industrial wealth leads to the concentration of wealth among fewer
and fewer capitalists, while the living and working conditions of the
proletariat grow worse.
• The proletariat will eventually rebel and create a socialist state.
Communism
• Goals
– Overthrow the bourgeois “supremacy”
– Abolition (get rid of) private property
• Rationale
– Working class works to produce capital
(money) which allows bourgeois to acquire
more personal property and therefore control
working class
Socialist and Communist Political
Parties
• First International
–
–
–
–
Founded by Marx and others in 1864
International Workingmen’s Association
Urged proletariat to overthrow capitalism worldwide
Broke apart in 1873
• Second International
– Founded in 1889
– National parties more concerned with the politics of their respective nations
– Broke apart during World War I
• Russian Revolution (1917)
– Communists – known as Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, came to power
following the overthrow of the tsar
• Left and right wings
– Socialists – right wingers – advocated socialist reforms through voting
– Communists – left wingers – advocated socialist reforms through revolution
– Political parties of both types have existed throughout Europe, the United
States, and all over the world since around the turn of the last century
OBJECTIVE V
1. Draw the following web diagram:
- Complete the diagram by identifying the
competing ideas that arose out of Marxism and
their characteristics.
- Students’ diagrams should include information
that identifies the roles of both people and
government.
OBJECTIVE VI
• Complete guided reading 22.5.
Review Questions
1.
Explain Marxism in terms of the economic interpretation
of history, class struggle, surplus value, and the
inevitability of socialism.
2. Most modern industrialized nations possess some degree
of socialism. Comparing the United States to countries
such as China, France, and Great Britain, should the
United States increase or decrease its number and scope
of social programs and government ownership of
industry? Why or why not?