Drill
What type of transformation do you see in this image?
Explain.
APPLICATIONS OF
TECHNOLOGY
Principles of Design
Architecture
What is Architecture?
Architecture is the art, science, and profession of
planning, designing, and supervising the
construction of new buildings, landscapes,
communities, and furnishings in their totality,
examining their environment in accordance with
the principles of utility, strength, and aesthetics.
What are some the Principles of Design?
There are six (6) Principles of Design. You have already been
introduced to one of them in the previous lesson.
Transformation
The following are the remaining Principles of Design.
Axis
Balance
Rhythm
Datum (Unity)
Hierarchy (Contrast)
Axis
An axis is a line established by two points
in space about which forms and spaces can
be arranged in a symmetrical orbalanced
manner.
Teotihuacan (City of the Gods, Mexico Pyramids of the Sun
&Moon, Avenue of the Dead, citadel, and market.
Balance
Symmetry: balanced distribution
of equivalent forms, shapes, or
spaces on opposite sides of a
dividing line or plane, or about a
center or axis
Types of Symmetry
•
Bilateral
•
Radial
•
Asymmetry
Balance
Bilateral symmetry: one plane dividing the whole
arrangement into identical halves
Monticello, Thomas Jefferson
Charlottesville, VA
Balance
Radial symmetry: similar halves at any angle around a
centerpoint or along a central axis
Villa Rotunda, Palladio
Vicenza, Italy
Balance
The difference between Symmetry and Asymmetry
Balance
Asymmetry: creating visual balance without parts being
identical
Datum (Unity)
Datum: line, plane, or volume that by its continuity and
regularity serves to gather, measure, and organize a
pattern of forms and spaces.
Datum (Unity)
It is hard to detect the notes and relative pitches of the music
above without a staff.
The staff is used as a datum to organize the spacing of notes and
to accentuate the difference between a series of notes.
Datum (Unity)
Phillip Exeter Academy Library
Louis Kahn
Exeter, New Hampshire
A volume can collect the pattern of elements
within its boundary.
Datum (Unity)
A plane may gather elements or
serve as a background for the
encompassing elements and frame
them in its field.
Rhythm and Repetition
Rhythm: unifying movement characterized
by patterned repetition/alteration of
forms/shapes in the same or modified form.
Structural patterns incorporate repetition.
Unite d’Habitation
Le Corbusier
Rhythm can be witnessed in the arrangement of
rooms in this apartment building.
Rhythm and Repetition
Sydney Opera House, John Utzon
Victorian Houses
Sydney, Australia
San Fransisco, California
In the case of the Sydney Opera house, we witness reverberating
patterns. The Victorian houses show multiple rhythms laid over
one another in the façade of a building.
Hierarchy (Contrast)
Hierarchy: articulating the importance of a
form/space by its size, shape, or placement
relative to other shapes/forms of the
organization.
Hierarchy by Size
Hierarchy by Shape
Hierarchy by Placement
Hierarchy (Contrast)
Olivetti Training School
James Stiling
Haslemere, England
Catherdral dominates urban landscape
in Florence, Italy
Hierarchy (Contrast)
Legislative Assembly
Building
Le Corbusier
Punjab, India
Hierarchy may also be
achieved through color.