2010
English Standards of Learning
Rigor, Resources, and Assessment
April 2013
1
Rigor
Rigor asks students to
 use content to solve complex problems
 develop strategies that can be applied to other situations
 make connections across content areas
 draw conclusions and create solutions on their own
Rigor requires students use their knowledge to create meaning
through analyzing, synthesizing, interpreting, evaluating, and
critiquing.
TEI items frequently require more than one response to be
correct - no partial credit.
2
2
Increased Rigor: Word Knowledge
2010 English Standards of Learning
Word Analysis, Vocabulary, Word Reference Materials:
approximately one-fourth of the questions
• Emphasis on Prefixes, Suffixes, and Greek and Latin
roots in word study: 6, 7, 8 curriculum documents
and Middle School Word Knowledge
• Relationship of words: synonyms, antonyms,
and analogies
3
3
Increased Rigor: Word Knowledge
2010 English Standards of Learning
• Vocabulary/meaning using authentic texts: applying
context clues, understanding connotation,
interpreting figurative language, and analyzing
author’s word choice
• Word reference materials: differentiating among
definitions, understanding the etymology (word
origins and derivations/forms of word), and
interpreting how the word is used
4
4
Word Knowledge
VDOE Resources
• English Enhanced Scope and Sequence (ESS)
Sample Lesson Plans help teachers align
instruction with the 2010 English Standards of
Learning (SOL) by providing examples of how
the knowledge, skills and processes found in
the SOL and Curriculum Framework can be
presented to students in the classroom.
5
5
Word Knowledge Across Grades
6rd Grade Skills
7th Grade Skills
8th Grade Skills
Identify word origins and derivations
Identify word origins and derivations
Apply knowledge of word origins
Use roots, prefixes and suffixes
Use roots, prefixes and suffixes
Use roots, prefixes and suffixes
cognates
cognates
cognates
synonyms and antonyms
synonyms and antonyms
synonyms and antonyms to determine the
meaning of unfamiliar words and
technical vocabulary.
Use context and sentence structure to
determine the meanings and
Use context and sentence structure to
determine the meanings and
Use context, structure, and connotation to
determine the meanings and
Differentiate among multiple meanings of
words
Differentiate among multiple meanings of
words
Differentiate among multiple meanings of
words and phrases
Identify and analyze figurative language
Identify and analyze figurative language
Discriminate between connotative and
denotative meanings and interpret the
connotation.
Identify and analyze an author’s use of
figurative language
Analyze the author’s use of word choice
Use word reference materials
Consult word reference materials
Use dictionary, thesaurus, and glossary to
determine definition, pronunciation,
etymology, spelling, and usage of words
Recognize word relationships (analogies)
Use the relationship between words
(analogies)
Analyze relationships common to analogy
construction
Extend general and specialized
vocabulary
Extend general and specialized
vocabulary
Extend general and specialized
vocabulary
6
7
Word Knowledge
VDOE Vocabulary Sample Lesson Plans
My understanding is that the following lesson plans were developed by the VDOE once
staff became familiar with how the skills will be assessed.
Using word maps to expand vocabulary (PDF) /
(Word) 6.4 7.4 8.4
Using context clues (PDF) / (Word) 6.4 7.4 8.4
Learning vocabulary by using reference materials
(PDF) / (Word) 6.4 7.4 8.4
Understanding and using roots to expand
vocabulary (PDF) / (Word) 6.4 7.4 8.4
Predicting the meaning of unfamiliar words in a
text (PDF) / (Word) 6.4 7.4 8.4
Understanding and using suffixes to expand
vocabulary (PDF) / (Word) 6.4 7.4 8.4
Determining meaning of words by taking them
apart (PDF) / (Word) 6.4 7.4 8.4
Understanding connotation (PDF) / (Word) 6.4
7.4 8.4
8
8
Word Knowledge: Context
Clues to the meaning of the
word are found in the
paragraph before and the
paragraph after as well as in
the identified paragraph.
9
Word Knowledge: Synonyms
Need to
understand
pronoun reference
in order to clarify
the meaning of
anticipation.
Need to use context to understand
the meaning of anticipation and
then need to find two synonyms
(words that mean about the same
thing).
10
Word Knowledge: Antonyms
Sample of stand-alone
question
11
Word Knowledge: Prefix
Vocabulary is tested in passages and in stand-alone items.
12
Word Knowledge: Affixes
Vocabulary is tested in passages and in stand-alone items.
13
Word Knowledge: Root
14
Word Knowledge: Root
Seems impossible to predict the
root words that will be used.
Sample of stand-alone
question
Teach students how roots work
so they can generalize.
15
Word Knowledge: Connotation
Sample of stand-alone
question
16
Word Knowledge: Connotation
17
Word Knowledge: Figurative Language
Does not use like or as.
18
Word Knowledge: Figurative Language
Sample of stand-alone
question
19
Word Choice: Figurative Language
Students are required to apply
understanding and synthesize
multiple pieces of information
and knowledge to infer the
answer.
20
Word Knowledge: Analogy
Sample of stand-alone
question
21
Word Knowledge: Dictionary Entry
Word may be used as more
than one part of speech and
more than one pronunciation,
in addition to having multiple
meanings.
22
Word Knowledge: Dictionary Entry
In a dictionary entry, derivation
or etymology (where a word
comes from) requires the
reader to look within the
brackets at the end of the
entry.
23
Word Knowledge: Glossary
24
Word Choice: Mood
25
Word Choice: Mood
26
Reading Test Passages
• 50% nonfiction: expository and functional
• 50% narrative: narrative nonfiction, fiction,
poetry
• 15% of the TEI will be drag and drop + hot
spot
• TEI items frequently require more than one
response to be correct - no partial credit
27
3
27
Increased Rigor
2010 English Standards of Learning
• Emphasis on nonfiction texts, text structures,
and organizational patterns
• Making inferences and drawing conclusions
based on explicit or implied information in
more complex texts
• Comparison of texts in fiction and nonfiction
28
Comparison of texts
• Grades 6-12 Standards include a comparison of forms
and genres including fiction/poetry/narrative nonfiction
and nonfiction informational and expository texts with a
similar topic or theme.
• Pairing passages provides opportunities for students to
compare and contrast how two texts treat the same
subject.
• Compare and Contrast texts for :
•
•
•
•
•
Organizational patterns
Information
Genres
Author’s point of view, voice, style, message
Word choice
29
Paired Passages
30
Paired Passages
31
SOL Practice Items Web Page
32
Nonfiction
Text Structures and Patterns of Organization Across Grade Levels
6rd Grade Skills
Use headings and graphics (text
structures) to predict and categorize
information
Structures such as
• boldface and/or italics type
• type set in color
• vocabulary (technical)
• graphics and photographs
• headings and subheadings
7th Grade Skills
8th Grade Skills
Use text structures to aid
comprehension
Draw on knowledge of text structures
to understand selections
Use text features (e.g., type,
headings, and graphics) to make
predictions and enhance
comprehension
Analyze the author’s use of text
structure
Text Features including
• boldface and/or italics type
• type set in color
• underlining
• indentation
• sidebars
• illustrations, graphics, and
photographs
• headings and subheadings
• footnotes and annotations
Text structures including
• boldface and/or italics type
• type set in color
• underlining
• indentation
• sidebars
• illustrations, graphics, and
photographs
• headings and subheadings
• footnotes and annotations
Identify main idea
Identify main idea
Identify main idea
Summarize supporting details
Summarize text identifying supporting
details
Summarize text identifying supporting
details
Identify cause and effect relationships
Identify cause and effect relationships
Identify cause and effect relationships
33
Nonfiction
Text Structures and Patterns of Organization Across Grade Levels
6rd Grade Skills
Identify author’s organizational
pattern:
•
•
•
•
•
chronological or sequential
comparison/contrast
cause and effect
problem-solution
generalization or principle
Use graphic organizers (notes, lists,
outlines)
7th Grade Skills
Identify an author’s organizational
pattern:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
chronological or sequential
enumeration or listing
comparison/contrast
cause and effect
concept/definition
problem-solution
generalization or principle
process
8th Grade Skills
Identify an author’s organizational
pattern
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
chronological or sequential
enumeration or listing
comparison/contrast
cause and effect
concept/definition
problem-solution
generalization or principle
process
Recognize transitional words and
phrases authors use to signal
organizational patterns
Use textual clues such as transitional
words and phrases to identify the
author’s organizational pattern
Organize and synthesize information,
(graphic organizers, notes, lists,
outlines)
Evaluate, organize, and synthesize
information (graphic organizers, notes,
lists, outlines)
34
Graphic Organizers
Rigor will be applied to using graphic organizers
after reading to
• synthesize or summarize information within a
selection in order to show the relationship and/or
development of ideas
• show similarities and differences (compare/contrast)
in information found in several sources on the same
topic (e.g., paired texts)
35
35
Graphic Organizers
Grade 8: Rigor will be applied to using graphic organizers after
reading to record clues in the text and inferences or conclusions
made by the reader as a result of those clues.
36
36
Cause/Effect Organizer
37
Chronological/Sequential: Flow Chart
38
Pattern of Organization: Flow Chart
39
Description: Web Organizer
40
Compare/Contrast: Venn Diagram
41
Chart: Comparing a Character’s Feelings
42
Chart: Advantages/Disadvantages
43
Chart: Fact/Opinion
44
Cut Scores
While items have increased in rigor, traditional MC items still
exist. The two types will be interspersed.
Easier and more challenging items are mixed, with the intent that
easy items are interspersed between more difficult items.
45