Unit 2: Land and Government between 1814-1840
 Conflict between French people and Chateau Clique.
 French culture and way of life threatened by oligarchy.
 Undemocratic government.
 1833 depression  unemployment and bad harvest 
little government help.
 What is nationalism?
- attitude that the members of a nation have when
they care about their national identity.
 Grew because of lack of government representation,
discrimination, and unfair taxes.
 Led the reform
movement  formed a
radical group called the
Patriotes
 Held public
demonstrations against
the oligarchy.
 Came up with 92
resolutions outlining
Canadien grievances.
 1837: British appoint Lord Russell to intervene  10
resolutions:
Rejected any form of responsible government.
Result??
- Fueled reform movement  The Vindicator
- Boycott English goods and banks.
- Members of Legislative Assembly (Patriotes) refused
to approve taxes.
The Patriotes and Fils de
la Liberte joined together
in street fights against the
Tory Doric Club in the
fall of 1837
In fear of an armed
uprising  governor
proclaimed martial law,
banned protests,
newspapers, and issued
charges of treason.
 North-east of Montreal
 Patriotes led by Wolfred
Nelson fought British
soldiers to a stand off.
 December 1, 1837 rebels
surrendered to British
army.
 Many leaders of the Patriot fled to the US.
 Villages burned by British army and the Doric Club.
 British – 32 Dead
 French/Patriotes –
 73 dead
 29 Executed for Treason
 38 Deported to Australia
 Government set in place that was not responsible to
the elected assembly.
 Control of clergy reserves.
 Unfair land policies  catered to the upper class.
 1833 depression  widespread crop failures.
 Radical leader and
politician.
 Critic of the colonial
government.
 Attacked Family
Compact in his
newspaper: Colonial
Advocate.
 Appointed Lieutenant-
Governor of Upper Can. 
allied with Family Compact
and was against reform
movement.
 He called the radical
movement  “Yankee-loving
traitors”
 Fall 1837 rebellion in
Lower Canada 
Mackenzie saw this as
an opportunity:
1. Held public
demonstrations.
2. Trained troops.
3. Called for an
attack while troops were
busy fighting the
rebellion in Lower
Canada.
 December 4, 1837  first death was British Loyalist
Colonel Robert Moodie (the messenger).
 December 5, 1837  Mackenzie and his troops
continue on Yonge St. but missing half their troops
because of miscommunication.
- December 7, 1837 Van
Egmond arrived but was too
late  British troops were too strong.
Many of the leaders were transported to the penal
colonies.
Colonel Van Egmond was tried, convicted and
died in a Toronto jail.
John Montgomery was captured, escaped and
then returned to Canada after the general
amnesty to rebuild his tavern on the exact location
of the original.
 Put £1,000 on Mackenzie's head  He had
already left the country dressing in woman's
clothing.
 Unfortunately, he had dropped his briefcase
as he was fleeing. It had a list of everyone
involved.
 After the rebellions the British Government : new
monarch Queen Victoria appointed Lord Durham
to report on the reasons of the rebellion.
 What did he find?
 What did he conclude?