Structure and
Function on the
Skeletal System.
Structure of the Skeleton
We know that the 206 bones of the skeleton are split into two
different groups…
The Axial
Skeleton – 80 bones
Appendicular
skeleton – 126 bones
The
Consists of:
Skull
The vertebrae
The central
core of the
body or its
AXIS.
The sternum
The ribs
It provides the core
from which the
limbs hang from.
The parts/ limbs hanging
off of the AXIAL skeleton.
Shoulder
Girdle
(scapula/
clavicle)
Pelvic Girdle
Upper and Lower
limbs
Task…
List the below Bone names into the relevant column in
the table below…
cranium, clavicle, ribs, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna,
scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, carpals, metacarpals,
phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals,
metatarsals, vertebral column – cervical, thoracic, and
lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, Fixed immovable
joints, Allows movement.
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Answers!!
Task:
Match the EVERY DAY name
for each bone, with its
correct ANATOMICAL name.
Every day Name
Skull
Collar Bone
Breast Bone
Ribs
Spine
Shoulder Blade
Arm
Forearm
Forearm
Pelvis
Thigh Bone
Anatomical Name
Ribs
Illium
Pubis
Ischium
Shin bone
Shin bone
Knee Cap
Wrist
Hand
Fingers
Ankle
In pairs: 1 person labels the other
as a ‘human skeleton’. Making
labels for ALL of the various bones
that we have learned thus far.
You also need to be to
know ‘both’ names for
each bone.
Task!!
Major bones of the body explained…
Consists of 8 bones fused
together to PROTECT your brain.
14 other facial bones that
form the face and jaw…
PROTECTS the
heart and acts as
an ATTACHMENT
point for the ribs
and clavicle
Flat bone in the middle of your
chest shaped like a dagger.
Adults have 12 pairs of ribs, that
run between sternum and thoracic
vertebrae.
True Ribs
False Ribs
Ribs are flat bones that
form a PROTECTIVE
cage around the
HEART and LUNGS.
Floating Ribs
One end is connected to the sternum
and the other to the scapula
The role of the Clavicle is to
keep the scapula the correct
distance from the sternum
Provides a point of
attachment for many
muscles of upper arm and
back.
Situated on
the upper
back of the
body
The Humerus, Radius
and Ulna all form the
ELBOW joint.
In order for
the hand to
move, the
Radius moves
across the
ulna…
Ulna
Radius
Humerus
Consists of 3 area, made
up of different kind of
bone.
Phalanges
- 14 bones
Meta-Carpels
Carpels- 8 bones
Consists of 3
bones fused
togetherILLIUM, PUBIS
and ISCHIUM
Function: to PROTECT the lower internal
organs… such as the bladder,
reproductive organs and when pregnant
the developing foetus!
Femur: Longest
Consists of 4
bones: FEMUR,
FIBULA, TIBIA
and PATELLA
bone in the body
and forms the knee
joint with the TIBIA
Patella: Bone that floats over the knee
and lie within the patella tendon and
SMOOTHES the movement of the tendons
over the knee.
Tibia: The weight bearing bone of the lower
leg
Fibula: The non-weight bearing bone of the
lower leg and helps form the ankle.
Tarsals- 7
bones
-5
Bones
Consists of 3
areas:
Tarsals,
Metatarsals
and
Phalanges
3 Phalanges in each toe… apart from the big toe that has 2
7 Cervical vertebrae make up
the neck and runs to the
shoulders
12 Thoracic vertebrae make up the
chest area
5 Lumbar vertebrae make up
the lower back
5 vertebrae which are fixed
together make the Sacrum.
Coccyx is 4 bones fused together, remnants
from when we had a tail!
Task…
To achieve P1 you need to describe:
• The bones that make up the axial and appendicular
skeleton and what their role is.
• The sections that comprise the Vertebral Column (i.e.
cervical) and how many bones are in each section.
• Identify the location of the major bones (i.e. cranium,
clavicle, ribs, sternum, Humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, ilium,
pubis, ischium, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur,
patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, vertebral column cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
• The different types of bone (i.e. long, short, flat, irregular,
sesamoid) and identify the major bones
within the body.
• The function of the skeletal system (i.e. support; protection;
attachment for skeletal muscle; source of
blood cell production; store of minerals)