Structure
of the Skeletal
System.
P1
Structure of the Skeleton
We know that the 206 bones of the skeleton are split into two
different groups…
The Axial
Skeleton – 80 bones
Appendicular
skeleton – 126 bones
The
Consists of:
Skull
The vertebrae
The central
core of the
body or its
AXIS.
The sternum
The ribs
It provides the core
from which the
limbs hang from.
The parts/ limbs hanging
off of the AXIAL skeleton.
Shoulder
Girdle
(scapula/
clavicle)
Pelvic Girdle
Upper and Lower
limbs
Task…
List the below Bone names into the relevant column in
the table below…
Location of major bones:
• Cranium
• Clavicle
• Ribs
• Sternum
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Scapula
• Ilium
• Pubis
• Ischium
• Carpals & Metacarpals & Phalanges
• Femur
• Patella
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Tarsals & Metatarsals
• Vertebral column – (cervical, thoracic,
and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum,
coccyx)
Axial Skeleton
Answers!!
Appendicular
Skeleton
Task:
Match the EVERY DAY name
for each bone, with its
correct ANATOMICAL name.
Every day Name
Skull
Collar Bone
Breast Bone
Ribs
Spine
Shoulder Blade
Arm
Forearm
Forearm
Pelvis
Thigh Bone
Anatomical Name
Ribs
Illium
Pubis
Ischium
Shin bone
Shin bone
Knee Cap
Wrist
Hand
Fingers
Ankle
In pairs: 1 person labels the other
as a ‘human skeleton’. Making
labels for ALL of the various bones
that we have learned thus far.
You also need to be to
know ‘both’ names for
each bone.
Task!!
Major bones of the body explained…
Consists of 8 bones fused
together to PROTECT your brain.
14 other facial bones that
form the face and jaw…
PROTECTS the
heart and acts as
an ATTACHMENT
point for the ribs
and clavicle
Flat bone in the middle of your
chest shaped like a dagger.
Adults have 12 pairs of ribs, that
run between sternum and thoracic
vertebrae.
True Ribs
False Ribs
Ribs are flat bones that
form a PROTECTIVE
cage around the
HEART and LUNGS.
Floating Ribs
One end is connected to the sternum
and the other to the scapula
The role of the Clavicle is to
keep the scapula the correct
distance from the sternum
Provides a point of
attachment for many
muscles of upper arm and
back.
Situated on
the upper
back of the
body
The Humerus, Radius
and Ulna all form the
ELBOW joint.
In order for
the hand to
move, the
Radius moves
across the
ulna…
Ulna
Radius
Humerus
Consists of 3 area, made
up of different kind of
bone.
Phalanges
- 14 bones
Meta-Carpels
Carpels- 8 bones
Consists of 3
bones fused
togetherILLIUM, PUBIS
and ISCHIUM
Function: to PROTECT the lower internal
organs… such as the bladder,
reproductive organs and when pregnant
the developing foetus!
Femur: Longest
Consists of 4
bones: FEMUR,
FIBULA, TIBIA
and PATELLA
bone in the body
and forms the knee
joint with the TIBIA
Patella: Bone that floats over the knee
and lie within the patella tendon and
SMOOTHES the movement of the tendons
over the knee.
Tibia: The weight bearing bone of the lower
leg
Fibula: The non-weight bearing bone of the
lower leg and helps form the ankle.
Tarsals- 7
bones
-5
Bones
Consists of 3
areas:
Tarsals,
Metatarsals
and
Phalanges
3 Phalanges in each toe… apart from the big toe that has 2
7 Cervical vertebrae make up
the neck and runs to the
shoulders
12 Thoracic vertebrae make up the
chest area
5 Lumbar vertebrae make up
the lower back
5 vertebrae which are fixed
together make the Sacrum.
Coccyx is 4 bones fused together, remnants
from when we had a tail!
Long Bone
Femur
Humerus
Tibia
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Having a body longer
than it is wide and
having growth plates
at either end
(epiphysis)
Flat Bones
Flat bones are strong, flat
plates of bone with the
main function of providing
protection to the bodies
vital organs and being a
base for muscular
attachment.
Scapula (shoulder blade). The
Sternum (breast bone), Cranium
(skull), Pelvis and Ribs are also
classified as flat bones
Function of
Protection and
Stability, with
little movement
Short Bone
They are approximately
wide as they are long
Irregular
Bones
These are bones that do not fit into
any other category due to their
unusual shape.
Good examples being the Vertebrae,
Sacrum and Mandible (lower jaw).
The most obvious
example: The
Patella (knee cap)
which sits within
the Patella or
Quadriceps
tendon.
Sesamoid
Bones
Sesamoid bones are usually present in a tendon
where it passes over a joint, acting as protection to
the tendon.
Sesamoid bones
are usually short or
irregular bones,
imbedded in a
tendon.
1) Learners must describe the
axial and
appendicular skeleton.
different types of
bone in each of the skeletons and be able
to locate all of the named bones
2) The
stated in the Unit content (List).
3) They must also describe the
of the skeletal system.
function
Functions:
• Support
• Protection
• Attachment for skeletal muscle
• Source of blood cell production
• Store of minerals
Types of bone:
Long bones, Short bones,
Flat bones, Irregular bones, Sesamoid
bones
Location of major bones:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cranium
Clavicle
Ribs
Sternum
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Scapula
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Carpals & Metacarpals & Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals & Metatarsals
Vertebral column – (cervical, thoracic,
and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum,
coccyx)