Chapter 22 Section C
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
A World of Ideas
• Paris was the cultural and intellectual capital
of Europe
• Salons were gatherings of scholars and artist
that meet in the large drawing rooms of
wealthy women to discuss ideas and enjoy
artistic performances
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Diderot’s Encyclopedia
• Denis Diderot – Developed the concept of the
encyclopedia
• Salons and the Encyclopedia helped to spread
Enlightenment ideas to educate people all over
Europe
Denis Diderot
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
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Art & Literature in the Age of Reason
1600s and early 1700s had been dominated by the style
called Baroque (a grand, ornate style).
Composers of the Baroque style were Johann Sebastian
Bach and George Fredrick Handel
A new style began to develop that reflected the new
emphasis on order and balance
This new style of the late 1700s was called
Neoclassical (“New Classical”). In music the style is
called Classical.
Classical composers include: Hayden, Mozart and
Beethoven
Composers
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
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Popularity of the Novel
Novels – Lengthy works of prose fiction
Popular with the middle class audiences
Samuel Richardson – wrote Pamela is
considered the first true English novel
Henry Fielding wrote Tom Jones
Daniel Defoe wrote Robinson Crusoe
Daniel Defoe
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Enlightenment Monarchs
• Philosophes tried to get monarchs to rule justly
• Enlightened despots were motivated by:
1. Wanted to make their countries stronger
2. Wanted to make their own rule more effective
• Foremost of Europe’s enlightened despots
were Fredrick II of Prussia, the Holy Roman
Emperor Joseph II of Austria and Catherine the
Great of Russia
Enlightened Despots
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
• Frederick II’s most important contribution was
his attitude toward being king. His goal was to
serve and strengthen his country.
• Joseph II – He was the most radical reformer
of all the enlightenment monarchs. He
abolished serfdom and ordered that peasants be
paid for their labor in cash.
• Catherine the Great – She was the most
admired ruler by the philosophes. She made
recommendations for change but none were
carried out.
TA22D
Read Pages 640-645
Copy and Define Terms on Page 645
Copy and Answer Questions 17 and 18
on Page 646