GCSE PE Year 10
Skeletal System
The Skeletal System
Learning Objectives
Be able to explain the function of the skeleton
Be able to name all the bones of the skeleton.
To know the four types of bones and their function.
Starter Activity
Name and describe a test that is used to measure agility ?
Q. How many bones
make up the Human
Skeleton ?
206 bones
make up the
skeleton
Discuss what are
the functions of
the skeleton?
5 functions of the Skeleton
• Protection - the cranium and ribs protect the brain and
vital organs in the chest.
• Shape - gives shape to the body and makes you tall or
short.
• Support - holds your vital organs in place when playing
sport. The vertebral column holds the body upright.
• Movement - muscle are attached to bones, which are
jointed. When the muscles contract the bones move.
• Blood production - red blood cells (to carry oxygen)
and white blood cells (to protect against infection) are
produced in the bone marrow of some bones.
Label the diagram
of the skeleton
The skeleton
• The skeleton is divided into 2 main parts
• APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• AXIAL SKELETON
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• Contains the moving parts that are not
connected to the VERTEBRAL COLUMN.
•
•
•
•
Pectoral girdles
Upper Limbs
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limbs
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Makes locomotion, digestion,
excretion , reproduction and to
protect the major organs of
locomotion.
Axial
•
•
•
•
Consists of 80 bones
Vertebral Column 26 bones
Rib Cage ( 12 pairs)
Skull
Discuss with your partner what you think its
function is ?
Axial
Up right posture of humans is
maintained by the axial skeleton,
which transmits the weight from the
head, the trunk, and the upper
extremities, down to the lower
extremities.
How many types of
bones are there ?
Types of Bones
• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
Long Bones
Have a body longer than it is wide
• Have a hard outer casing with spongy bone in
the centre.
• Bones such as the
Femur
Humerus
Metatarsals
Short Bones
• Are roughly as wide as they are long.
• Contain large amounts of bone marrow to
make blood vessels.
• Bones such as the Carpals and Tarsals in
the wrist and foot
Flat Bones
• Strong, flat pieces of bone
• Their main functions are protection and
muscle attachment
• Bones such as the cranium (skull) and
scapula (shoulder blade)
Irregular Bones
• Do not fit into any of the other categories and
often have an unusual shape
• Bones such as the Vertebrae, Sacrum and
Mandible