[ 6.1 ] Texans Expand Westward
[ 6.1 ] Texans Expand Westward
Learning Objectives
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Identify the effect of westward expansion on American Indians.
Describe the effects of the Frontier Wars on Texas.
Identify the factors leading to the expansion of the Texas frontier.
Explain how West Texas was opened to Anglo American settlement.
Explain the main duties of the Texas Rangers during the 1870s.
[ 6.1 ] Texans Expand Westward
Key Terms
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Salt Creek Massacre
Quanah Parker
extinction
industry.
dragoons
Guerrilla
desperados
A History of Conflict with American Indians
Conflicts between Europeans and American Indians date back to the 1500s. In 1542,
Caddo warriors in East Texas that were concerned for the safety of their villages attacked a
Spanish force led by Luis de Moscoso. In response, the Spanish force destroyed many
Caddo villages and enslaved the people.
A History of Conflict with American Indians
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The Comanche, Kiowa, and Wichita
North and West Texas
Efforts to Encourage Peace on the Frontier
The Effects of the Salt Creek Massacre
Significant Figures in the Frontier Wars
A History of Conflict with American Indians
Analyze Maps Why did most battles of the Frontier Wars take place in the far north and west of Texas?
A History of Conflict with American Indians
In 1867, leaders of the U.S. government and several American Indian tribes signed the Medicine Lodge
Treaty. Some tribal leaders refused to sign the treaty and it failed to bring the hoped for peace to the
West.
The Frontier Wars in the Panhandle
After the Salt Creek Massacre, General Sherman sent more soldiers to enforce the
reservation policy in Texas. The new arrivals brought more horses, better weapons, and
harsher tactics. New weapons, especially the repeating rifle, gave the army a significant
advantage over the Comanche and Kiowa.
The Frontier Wars in the Panhandle
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New Military Tactics
Red River War
The Frontier Wars in the Panhandle
By the 1870s, American Indian warriors on horseback fought using rifles and other weapons. Apply
Concepts What special skills or knowledge allowed American Indians to fight well against better-armed
U.S. forces?
The Frontier Wars in South Texas
The end of the Red River War and defeat of the Comanche and Kiowa, however, did not
end conflict. In other parts of Texas, Anglos, African Americans, and Mexican Americans
continued to struggle with Native Americans.
The Frontier Wars in South Texas
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Apache Raids
The Buffalo Soldiers
Outlaws Clash With the Texas Rangers
The End of an Era
The Frontier Wars in South Texas
Analyze Information How were the Frontier Wars a turning point for Texas Indians?
The Frontier Wars in South Texas
This photograph, taken around 1895, shows African American members of the U.S. Cavalry. Indians
called these men Buffalo Soldiers as a sign of respect.
The Frontier Wars in South Texas
Analyze Maps What geographic factors probably made the Neuces Strip especially hard to patrol?
Expansion on the Western Frontier
At the time of the Civil War, Anglos had settled less than half of Texas. The troops who
guarded the frontier left Texas to fight in the war. With the absence of soldiers, American
Indians raided Anglo settlements and burned farms and ranches. Thousands of settlers
left their homes. The frontier in Texas moved back eastward.
Expansion on the Western Frontier
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Settlers Move Westward
Blackland Prarie
Migration to West Texas
The Closing of the Frontier
Further Development in West Texas
Expansion on the Western Frontier
Analyze Visuals How did improvements in transportation technology likely affect the development of
the West Texas frontier?
Expansion on the Western Frontier
Some settlers came to Texas in wagon trains. Support Ideas with Evidence What details from this
photograph reveal the challenges of life in a wagon train?
Expansion on the Western Frontier
Analyze Data Why did westward expansion likely lead to an increase in overall railroad track mileage?
The Texas Rangers
In 1823, Stephen F. Austin had first raised a small force of experienced frontiersmen as
Rangers to protect the settlers against Indians. In 1835, lawmakers in Texas formally
organized the Texas Rangers to better protect the frontier. Over time, the Rangers served
as both a special police force and as a military unit.
The Texas Rangers
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The Early Organization
Necessary Skills
The Rangers and the Texas Revolution
The Rangers and the Lamar Administration
War With Mexico
The Rangers in the Civil War
Keeping the Peace
Law and Order
The Texas Rangers
Analyze Visuals How did the job of the Texas Rangers change over time?
The Texas Rangers
This photograph, taken in about 1890, shows some members of the Texas Rangers. Texas leaders
created this force during the republic to protect the Texas frontier.
Quiz: A History of Conflict with American Indians
Which event caused General William T. Sherman to send large squads of U.S. soldiers to
attack Comanche and Kiowa villages?
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B.
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D.
the end of the Civil War
signing of the Medicine Lodge Treaty
Satanta’s raid at Salt Creek
creation of the Texas Rangers
Quiz: The Frontier Wars in the Panhandle
What was the main outcome of the Frontier Wars?
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B.
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D.
Buffalo hunting came to an end.
Anglo settlers forced American Indians from the land.
Texas established its first frontier government
American Indians moved mostly to the Panhandle.
Quiz: The Frontier Wars in South Texas
What role did the Buffalo Soldiers have in the conflicts on the Frontier?
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B.
C.
D.
They opposed the Apaches.
They helped the Kiowa fight U.S. soldiers.
They sheltered cattle rustlers in the Southwest.
They joined Mexicans to fight the American Indians.
Quiz: Expansion on the Western Frontier
Which activity ended with the closing of the frontier?
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B.
C.
D.
cattle drives
railroad building
use of barbed wire
telegraph messages
Quiz: The Texas Rangers
The Texas Rangers formed for which main purpose?
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B.
C.
D.
to help the Mexican army
to fight in the Confederate army
to protect the frontier from Indian raids
to negotiate treaties with the Indians