Mr. Clifford
US1
- In the Southern colonies, a predominantly agricultural
society developed.
WHY IT MATTERS
- The modern South maintains many of its agricultural
traditions.
 Cash Crop
 Slave
 Triangular trade
 Middle passage
 Stono Rebellion
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A Diverse & Prosperous People:
Thousands of German raised grain, livestock, and
tobacco.
Scottish & Scot-Irish settled along the hills of North
Carolina.
Poor, small farmers formed the majority of the
Southern population.
Planters: owners of large profitable plantations,
-controlled much of the South’s economy; - controlled the South’s political & social
institutions.
 Plantations developed instead of towns/cities.
 Plantations:
 Were built near rivers
 Planters could ship their goods directly to the
northern colonies & Europe
Maryland, Virginia, & North Carolina: grew broad
green leaves of tobacco.
South Carolina & Georgia: harvested rice, cotton, &
indigo
 Women in colonial society were 2nd class citizens.
 Upper class women escaped were not treated as equals.
 Barely any legal, civil, or economic rights
 Could not vote, preach, or own property
 Women were responsible for all domestic activities
including: (cooking, milking cows, slaughtering pigs, &
tended the garden, sewing clothing, washed & cleaned
clothes)
 Mostly made up of white men who traded a life of
prison or poverty in Europe for limited servitude in
North America.
 Indentured servitude was 5-7 years of harsh labor
 Indentured servants had no money or no place to go.
 Indentured Servants either:
 moved to the western outskirts of southern colonies to
start a farm
 asked their former employer for work.
 The Evolution of Slavery:
 indentured servant population fell,
 colonists turned to African slaves as an attractive
alternative.
 Economics: African slaves worked for life and thus
brought a much larger return for the investment.
 Social: colonists saw the African’s dark skin as a
sign of inferiority since most colonists only saw
Africans as slaves.
 - 17th Century: Africans became part of a transatlantic
trading network known as ‘triangular trade’.
 PROCESS
 1.) Merchants carried rum & other goods/merchandise
from New England to Africa.
 2.) In Africa, merchandise was exchanged for slaves.
 3.) Slaves were sent to West Indies & sold for sugar &
molasses.
 4.) Sugar & molasses was then shipped to New England
to be distilled into rum.
 The Triangular Trade encompassed a network of
trade routes criss-crossing the Northern &
Southern Colonies, West Indies, England, Europe,
& West Africa. The network carried an array of
goods including furs, fruit, tar, tobacco, etc.
Journey from Africa to slave auction in America
 Africans where whipped, beating, and fell ill to disease
that swept could sweep through entire vessel.
 Sick slaves were routinely thrown overboard to avoid
the spread of disease
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Smell of blood, sweat, human waste, & excrement
permeated throughout the ship. Many slaves chose
suicide rather than suffer through the Middle Passage.
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20% of all slaves who were on ship died on route to
America.
Amistad
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 80% - 90%of all slaves worked in the field
 Full time labor began at age 12 and continued till death.
 10% - 20% of slaves worked in the house of the owner or
as artisans.
 Domestic slaves:
 cooked
 cleaned,
 raised the master’s children
 treated with equal cruelty
 Other slaves developed skills as artisans (carpenters,
bricklayers, blacksmiths) and were rented out to work on
other plantations.
 Culture & Family:
 life was based on their cultural heritage
 wove baskets and molded pottery just like in their
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homeland
Music, dance, & story telling helped slaves keep their
traditions.
Dancing paid tribute to ancestors and gods. The dancing
would endure throughout the slave era.
Families were separated because of slave trade.
Slaves would take care of family or other slaves who lost
family members.
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- Stono Rebellion:
September 1739 –
20 slaves gathered at Stono River south of Charleston.
With guns & other weapons slaves killed several planter families
and tried to get other slaves to flee south to Spanish Florida.
white militia killed or captured all the slaves.
Captured slaves were executed.
The Stono Rebellion made planters frightened and led to stricter
slave laws and tighter restrictions.
From 1760-1801 in Virginia, 1,680 enslaved men, women, and
children fled their plantation
Many runaway slaves found refuge with Native Americans
South depended more on slavery while the industrial North did
not.
Made In America