Civic Nationalism
Ethnocultural Nationalism
Multicultural Nationalism
Civic nationalism
- offers a visions of a community of equal
citizens which is formed on the basis of contract,
commitment, loyalty and love.
- ‘individuals from various ethnic backgrounds
may enter this community at adulthood, or
through migration, by committing themselves to
loyalty to the public institutions and way of life of
their residential homeland’.
- Under civic nationalism, the state is ethnically
blind in its public instututions and policies.
(ethnicity is not involved in public institutions and
in social, economic and political activities)
- the individuals direct their political loyalty to the
state rather than to their ethno-national groups.
- problem of ethnic diversity is resolved through
civic integration.
Ethnocultural nationalism
- offers a vision of a community united by a belief in
common ancestry and ethnocultural sameness.
- focusses on the belief that the community shares
some distinctive racial, religious and linguistic
attributes
- individuals who have not inherited such attributes
may be able to acquire them through intermarriage,
religious conversion, language acquisation etc.
- the potential problem of ethnic diversity is resolved
through assimilation
Multicultural nationalism
-offers a vision of a community which respect and
promotes the cultural autonomy and status equality of
its component ethnic groups.
-- attempts to establish an encapsulating social justice
community based on ethnic diversity.
- offers commitment to ethnic equity.
- offers a national community within which
the diverse ethnic communities can flourish.
- guarantees the rights and resources for
ethnic minorities
Multicultural
nationalism
Promote ethnic
Minority rights
Promote diversity
Ethnic
ascription
Promote
Differencesblindness
Promote
assimilation
Integration
Civic culture
Civic
Nationalism
Assimilation
Majority
ethnoculture
Ethnocultural
Nationalism
Four aspects of ongoing debates about multicultural
nationalism
1.IDENTITY: (encapsulating identity)
-some versions of the multicultural vision see identity
as being intrinsically derived from ethnic community.
(only source of identity is ethnic community)
-Other versions claim only that the ethnic community
is the primary source of identity. (there are
secondary sources of identity)
-Since the ethnic community is seen as primary,
multiculturalists demand that the state should
protect and enhance ethnic minority communities.
2.GROUP RIGHTS:
- multiculturalism calls for the state to recognize that
ethnic minority communities have legal and moral
rights as collectivities.
- some multiculturalists argue that minority rights
are group rights which are independent of and
have priority over individual rights.
- the state should give ethnic minority communities
the right to define and restrict the liberties of
their individual members.
- Communitarian defenders of multiculturalism
argue that community has priority over the
individual.
3. JUST DISTRIBUTION OF POWER AND RESOURCES:
Social justice:
-each distinct ethnic minority community has a fair
share of power and resources.
- the state institutions fairly allocate positions of
power to representatives of each ethnic community
- various mechanisms may be used to promote
this, including federalism, communal electoral
rolls, consociational government and quotas.
- but some proponents of multiculturalism
support the idea that the state rather than the
ethnic minorities themselves should decide
which ethnic communities be represented in
the governing coalition.
4.MINORITIES AND MAJORITY:
- in some states multiculturalists claim that
members of ethnic minority communities have
been politically, economically, and culturally
marginalised (because of assimilationist
ethnocultural nationalism)
- domination of power within modern states by
members of the ethnic majority.