Carpentry
By: Thomas, Ashley, Nicholas and
Cole
BRIDGING
• Wood or metal members that are placed
between trusses and joists in an angled
position intended to spread the loads.
EAVE
• The edge of a roof projecting over the outside
wall of the house.
FASCIA
• The flat surface located at the outer end of a
roof overhang or cantilever end.
GABLE
• The portion of the roof above the eaves line of
a double sloped roof.
PEAK
• Point on the truss where the sloped chords
meet.
PITCH
• The angle of incline as a measurement is the
ratio of the rise of roof to the span of the
building. It indicates the incline of a roof as a
ratio. The ratio of the vertical rise to the
horizontal run (span). It is expressed as a
fraction. For example, if the rise of the roof is
4 feet, and the run is 12 feet, the roof is
designated as having a pitch of 4/12.
PRESS-ON PLATE
• A truss connector manufactured with preformed teeth that are embedded into the
lumber usually by an air or hydraulic press.
RAFTER/COMMON
• A rafter is a sloping roof member that
supports the roof covering which extends
from the ridge or the hip of the roof to the
eaves. A common rafter is one which runs
square with the plate and extends to the
ridge.
SOFFIT
• The underside of a roof overhang or truss
cantilever end.
WEB MEMBER
• Members that join the top and bottom chords
to form the triangular patterns typical of
trusses. These members typically carry axial
forces.
WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF USING
2”x6” WALLS?
• Newer homes in colder climates will use 2x6’s,
to create more space for insulation.
WHAT PURPOSE DOES THE CORNER
POST SERVE?
• Where two walls meet in a corner there needs
to be some extra framing for the drywall.
GIVE TWO COMMON METHODS OF
SCABBING ON A CORNER POST
• 1) Add 2x4 spacer blocks between the end
stud and then install an extra “corner stud.”
• 2) Lay an extra corner stud sideways, flush
with the inside edge of the bottom plate.
SIL PLATE
• The bottom member of a window.
CORNER BRACES
• Diagonal braces placed at the corners of
framed walls to stiffen them and provide extra
strength.
CRIPPLE STUD
• Short studs to support a window.
HEADER
• A beam placed above doors, or windows to
carry the weight of structural loads.
LOAD-BEARING WALL
• A wall that supports structural weight above
it. Identified by having ceiling joists running
perpendicularly above it.
NON LOAD-BEARING WALL
• A wall that supports no load other than its
own weight.
ON CENTER (O.C.)
• The measured spacing between the center of
one studs, joists, rafters, etc. to the center of
the adjoining member.
ROUGH OPENING
• The framed-in opening, slightly larger then the
actual window/door, that replaces wall studs
to support the structure and accommodate a
window/door.
SOLE PLATE
• The bottom horizontal structural member of a
stud framed wall.
STUD
• A 2x4 or 2x6 vertical framing member used to
construct walls and partitions.
WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF USING
PLYWOOD OR OSB SHEATHING PRIOR
TO INSTALLATION
• OSB (Oriented Strand Board) provides rigidity.
EXPLAIN WHAT IS MEANT BY “16 INCH
CENTERS”?
• The 2x4’s are placed on “16-inch centers”,
meaning that the center of one 2x4 is 16
inches away from the center of the next.
EXPLAIN WHAT IS A HEADER?
• A header is a 2x10 beam over all windows and
doors – they give the wall enough strength to
support the roof. When a header spans more
then 5 feet, you find double full-length studs
on either side of the header instead of the
single studs.
HOW TO BUILD A TRUSS
•
•
•
•
•
Measure the width of the building
Find the pitch of the building
Measure the wood and cut
Cut out the bird’s nose
Use Press-on plate
WHAT IS THE NOMINAL SIZE OF
LUMBER USED FOR FLOOR JOISTS
• The nominal size is 2x12 and 2x10
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
NOMINAL AND ACTUAL SIZE?
• Nominal size is the common name for the
piece of wood and the actual size is what the
piece of wood actually measures. For
example, a 2x4 is the nominal size. However,
the actual size for a “2x4” is 1.5x3.5
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
OSB AND PLYWOOD?
• Plywood and OSB are made differently.
Oriented strand board is made from heatcured adhesives and wood particles that are
arranged in layers that cross. Plywood is
constructed from thin sheets of veneer, which
are thin layers of wood peeled from a log. In
plywood, the sheets are cross-laminated and
glued together using a hot press. Due to these
construction differences, plywood appears
much more smooth and consistent than OSB.
But the finished products are very similar in
strength and performance characteristics.
TAIL JOIST
• Relatively shorter joists that join against a
header or trimmer in floor framing.
SUBFLOOR
• Material fastened directly to floor joist below
the finish floor.
CONSTRUCTION ADHESIVE
• Cocking
SILL
• Horizontal exterior member below a window
or door opening. In frame construction, the
lowest structural member that rests on the
foundation.
RIBBON JOIST
• Wood strip let into the studs to provide a
bearing for joists.