Systems
An introduction
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An introduction
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Identify the functions and parts of the skeletal
system:
• protection – rib cage, cranium
• support – vertebrae
• movement – pelvis, femur, hip
Identify the following types of muscles:
• cardiac – heart
• smooth – stomach
• skeletal – biceps
Identify the functions and parts of the nervous
system:
• control center – brain
• relay mechanism – spinal cord
• transport messages – nerves
An introduction
Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary
responses.
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An introduction
An introduction
An introduction
An introduction
An introduction
An introduction
Let’s learn about the systems
that work together in the human
body. Although there are only a
few listed below, there are many
other systems in the human body.
skeletal
muscular
nervous
circulatory
respiratory
digestive
Systems Work Together
What is a system? A combination of things or
parts that work together to complete something
as a whole. The human body is not the only
thing that is made up of different systems
working together. I can think of many examples
of things that are composed of systems that
work together. Discuss some of the parts of these
systems that work together to accomplish
something as a whole…
Can you think
of any other
systems that
work together?
Systems
An introduction
The Skeletal System
The Skeletal System is made up of
bones, ligaments, and tendons. This
system gives our human bodies their
shape. Without bones, we would be a
blob of blood and guts on the floor.
The skeletal system
works closely with the
muscular system to
help our bodies move.
The Skeletal System
The bones in our bodies do not work
alone. They come together to form
things called joints. At the end of each
is a tough and shiny substance called
cartilage. It’s job is to make sure your
bones won't scratch and bump against
each other when you move.
How do our bones stay together?
With stretchy, rubber bandlike things called ligaments.
The Skeletal System
Do you know how many bones are in
the human body? 206!
When babies are born, they have
between 300-350 bones but they fuse
together as the baby grows.
Your hand has 27 bones.
Your face has 14!
The Skeletal System
Your skeletal system has three jobs:
• protection – rib cage, cranium (skull)
• support – vertebrae (spine)
• movement – pelvis, femur, hip
Study your
bones. A quiz
will be given
on the major
bones.
The Skeletal System
Questions to discuss aloud:
How do your bones protect us?
What does your rib cage protect?
What does your skull protect?
What if we didn’t have a skull to
protect our brain?
What does your spine
support?
Fun Facts About the Skeletal System:
A giraffe and a human
neck both have the
same number of bones in
their necks! The only
difference is that the
vertebrae in a giraffe’s
neck are much longer
and thicker than in a
human’s neck.
Fun Facts About the Skeletal System:
What’s the longest bone in the human
body? It’s your femur, or thigh bone!
It about ¼ of your total height!
What’s the smallest bone
in the human body? It’s
your stirrup located in
your ear. It’s about 1/10
of an inch long.
The Muscular System
The muscular system is made up of
tissue and works with your skeletal
system to help your body move.
The way that muscles
actually work is very
simple. They contract
and relax. That means
they tighten up and
then relax.
The Muscular System
Some muscles you can control and
others you can’t for example, your
heart beats without you having to
do a thing!
There are two types of
muscle cells in the body:
Voluntary: you can control
Involuntary: you can’t control
The Muscular System
Skeletal Muscles are those which
attach to bones help us to move our
skeletons. Skeletal muscles are also
sometimes called voluntary
muscles, because we have direct
control over them.
An example is
the biceps.
The Muscular System
Smooth muscle is also sometimes
known as involuntary muscle due
to our inability to control its
movements. Smooth muscle is found
in the walls of hollow organs such as
the stomach.
The Muscular System
Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is
found solely in the walls of the
heart. It is under the control of the
nervous system. Cardiac muscle is
highly resistant to fatigue.
Fun Facts About the Muscular System:
Your face has more than 30 muscles.
They help you to show emotions like
happiness, fear, sadness, and more!
Your eyes are the busiest
muscle in your body.
They can move over
100,000 times a day!
Biggest muscle? The gluteus
maximus (your bottom).
The Nervous System
Why do we dream? How do we
remember the words to our favorite
songs? Our brain is in charge of these
things and the brain is a part of the
nervous system.
The three major parts of
the nervous system are the
brain, nerves, and the
spinal cord.
The Nervous System
Your brain runs your body and tells it
what to do – even when you are
sleeping! However, the brain doesn’t
work alone, it also needs the help of the
other parts of the nervous system.
The nerves and the spinal
cord work together with
the brain to send messages
to your body.
Fun Facts About the Nervous System:
There are millions of nerves in our
bodies. There are so many that it is
even more than the number of stars in
the Milky Way!
Our right side of our
brain controls the left of
our body and our left
brain controls the right
side. Weird!
Fun Facts About the Nervous System:
The adult human brain weighs
approximately 3 pounds.
Our nervous system can transmit
impulses as fast as 100 meters
per second.
As we get older, the
brain loses almost one
gram per year.
The Circulatory System
This system is like the delivery system
for our human bodies. Blood moves
through our bodies through our blood
vessels and gives our bodies oxygen and
nutrients so it can live.
What color is your blood?
What color is your blood
when it’s inside your
body? Red!
Fun Facts About the Circulatory System:
It takes 20 seconds for blood to
circulate the entire body.
Human blood is actually
colorless, it is the hemoglobin
that makes it red.
The heart beats around 3
billion times in the average
person's life.
The Respiratory System
This system brings air/oxygen into the
body and removes carbon dioxide and
is made up of the nose, trachea,
and lungs.
When you take a breath, air enters
your nose or mouth and
goes down a long tube
called the trachea. The trachea
branches into two tubes
which go to the lungs.
The Respiratory System
The primary function of the
respiratory system is to supply the
blood with oxygen. Blood delivers
oxygen to all parts of the body.
Your lungs are in your chest.
Your lungs are protected
by your rib cage, which is
made up of sets of ribs.
Take Care of Your Respiratory System:
Make sure to get plenty of exercise to
keep your body in shape.
Do NOT smoke. Smoking damages
your lungs in the respiratory system.
If you ever feel like you are
having trouble breathing,
tell an adult immediately!
Fun Facts About the Respiratory System:
Plants are our partners. We breathe
in air, use the oxygen in it, and release
carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon
dioxide and release oxygen.
People get more colds in
the winter because we're
indoors more often.
When people sneeze,
cough, and even breathe,
germs go everywhere!
The Digestive System
The digestive system is
made up of organs
that break down food
into protein, vitamins,
minerals,
carbohydrates, and
fats. Your body needs
these things for
energy, growth, and
repair.
The Digestive System
After food is chewed and swallowed, it goes
down the esophagus and enters the stomach
and is broken down by stomach acids. From
the stomach, the food travels into the small
intestine where your it is broken down into
nutrients that can enter the bloodstream.
Excess food that the body
doesn't need is turned into
waste and leaves the body.
Fun Facts About the Digestive System:
How long are your intestines? They
are at least 25 feet long in an adult.
Just be glad you're not a full-grown
horse -- their coiled-up intestines are
89 feet long!
Each year, Americans eat
about 700 million pounds
of peanut butter.
Fun Facts About the Digestive System:
Americans eat over 2 billion pounds of
chocolate a year.
The stomach is a “J” shaped muscle.
In the mouth, food is
either cooled or warmed
to a more suitable
temperature.
The average male will eat
about 50 tons of food
during his life.
Now that we have
reviewed each
system it’s...
project time...
The
Organ
Trail
The Organ Trail
Grab yer hat and
saddle the broncs! Tis
time to head down the
“Organ Trail”
on a little adventure!
Gather the Facts
At the end of this journey, you
will need to know the following:
1. Which system contains your organ?
2. Tell 5 or more facts about that system.
3. What are the organ's main functions?
4. How does your organ work to keep the
body healthy?
5. Which diseases or disorders
affect your organ?
6. Can a person live without your organ?
The Organ Trail
•brain
•heart
•lungs
•liver
•bladder
•pancreas
•spleen
•kidneys
•eyes
•stomach
•blood
•skin
•appendix
•gallbladder
Create a Wanted Poster
for your organ!
The poster should
include a picture of
your organ and the
information outlined
on the "Gather The
Facts" slide.
Have fun! Visit the site
below to get started!
Good luck!
http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzhealth.html
How will I be graded on my poster??
1
2
3
4
Organ’s system is
missing.
Organ’s system is
mentioned or listed.
Organ’s system is
briefly describes.
Names and defines the
organ’s system in
detail.
Organ system isn’t
described or is
missing.
Describes the organ’s
system using some
facts.
Describes the organ’s
system using 5-10
facts.
Describes the organ’s
system using more
than 10 facts.
Does not describe how Briefly states how
Tells how the organ
organ keeps body
organ helps body to be keeps body healthy.
healthy.
healthy.
Tells in detail how the
organ keeps body
healthy.
Little or no mention of
diseases.
Mentions a disease
that could affect the
organ.
Lists and describes 35or more diseases
Lists and describes 5
or more diseases .
“Can a person live
without it?” is missing
or inadequately
answered.
“Can a person live
without it?” is briefly
answered.
“Can a person live
without it?” is
adequately described.
Explains in detail why
or why not the body
could live without the
organ.
No effort
demonstrated.
Some effort shown.
Shows adequate
effort.
Shows efforts that are
above and beyond.