REMOTE SENSING
HYDROLOGY
2013 EVENT TRAINING POWERPOINT
PRESENTED BY:
Cele Morris
Northwest Indiana Center for Data & Analysis
Indiana University Northwest
Library
cmorris@iun.edu
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES:
• Identify significant changes in the focus and rules for
the 2013 Remote Sensing competition (See Handouts)
• Provide a description of remote sensing and its
associated terms
• Demonstrate instructional strategies that may be used
to create an event training program for event trainers
and students
• Identify resources that may be used to help prepare
students for the 2013 Remote Sensing Event (See
Handout)
EVENT DESCRIPTION:
The 2013 Science Olympiad Remote Sensing competition
will focus on hydrology-the study of the occurrence,
circulation, distribution and properties of the Earth’s
waters and atmosphere :
• The role of water in maintaining the radiative
balance of Earth’s atmosphere
• Hydrologic cycles
• Local and global ecological effects of changes in
atmospheric and oceanic temperatures
EVENT DESCRIPTION:
Remote sensing technologies are used to record data and
monitor changes in the atmosphere and oceans by
acquiring radiometric measurements of:
• Atmospheric and ocean temperature
• Greenhouse gases
• Changes in land/sea/ice elevations
• Changes in land/sea vegetative cover
EVENT DESCRIPTION:
These radiometric measurements are acquired by sensors
that detect interactions between electromagnetic energy
and the atmosphere, oceans and Earth.
EVENT DESCRIPTION:
Sensors are placed aboard satellites, which orbit our
planet in Earth Observation Missions.
EVENT DESCRIPTION:
Data acquired by the sensors is then analyzed and
interpreted and used to create a variety of images
WHAT STUDENTS WILL DO:
Students will be presented with one or more tasks requiring
the use of science process skills to complete tasks related to
the study of remote sensing and including:
• Describe interactions between electromagnetic
energy and the atmosphere, oceans and earth
• Identify and describe significant Earth
Observation Missions related to climate change
and land use
• Using remote sensing imagery to describe local
and global changes in atmospheric and ocean
temperatures, hydrologic cycles and vegetative
cover
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
The best way to describe electromagnetic radiation is by
describing its most basic component‐the electromagnetic
wave.
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
The higher the frequency of a wave, the shorter its wavelength
will be
The lower the
frequency of a
wave, the longer its
wavelength will be
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) refers to the emission of
atoms in gases that take the form of waves.
The movements of electrons from one energy state into
another cause the emission of radiation in a band spectrum.
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
The Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) is the range of all
possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Most satellite pictures are pictures of reflected sunlight that
makes its way through the atmosphere and is collected by the
satellite sensor.
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
These are usually ‘near’ infrared images that collect EMR
(Electromagnetic Radiation)
Compare these two images of the Detroit area. The one
on the right is a visible light image taken from the Space
Shuttle. The one on the right is a LANDSAT image in the
near infrared range
Water is darker in the near-infrared image (right) because
water absorbs-infrared light more strongly than it does
visible light giving a darker appearance.
Now, compare the near-infrared intensity reflected from
forested regions. Leafy deciduous vegetation reflects
more infrared radiation than grasses and coniferous
trees-which absorb more energy and appear darker
How do concrete and roadways in both images appear?
What are some problems that you could see with asphalt
pavement on NI (near-infrared) images
Now, let’s move into the thermal range of near-infrared
and see the difference between visible light on the left
and thermal imagery (1013 ) to the right.
In studying weather, TI is useful in determining convection
between warm and cold air in local atmospheres
Why are the clouds in the region of warmer
temperatures on the left image darker than those with
colder air?
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
• Electromagnetic energy moves in waves
• Remote sensing sensors can detect and record EM
energy that cannot be seen by the human eye
• Different wavelengths of EM energy interact with
water in different ways
• Remote sensing imagery can help us to understand
how changes in atmospheric and ocean temperatures
may affect us
SETTING UP A TRAINING PROGRAM
Event Content
Coach
Students
TRAINING RESOURCES
In planning your Event Training Program, you will need
to acquire or create training resources for each event.
TRAINING RESOURCES
More than likely, students and coaches will use the
Internet to research content knowledge needed for
events.
But there are often questions about whether or not to
purchase prepared resources or create your own training
resources
COMMERCIAL TRAINING RESOURCES
Commercial training
resources may be
more cost and time
effective to use
Commercial training
resources may be
expensive, too
difficult for students
to understand, or
unable to comport
with the Event Rules
CREATING TRAINING RESOURCES
Practice activities
can be calibrated to
Event Rules, your
Minimum
Performance
Standards and
student ability levels
In-house
preparation of
training materials
will take time and
perhaps require
additional training,
resources
CREATING A RESEARCH NOTEBOOK
Creating a Research Notebook is one of the best ways
that you can have students acquire the content
knowledge needed for their events.
CREATING A RESEARCH NOTEBOOK
Research Notebooks can be created using conventional
binders with tabbed organizers.
Or you may wish to use software such as MS One-Note to
electronically organize your research
BINDERS AND TABS
Binders are
low cost and
familiar to
most students
Binders are
limited in
storage
capacity and
limit sharing
BINDERS AND TABS
Purchase a large (3”) binder and sets of vertical and
horizontal tabs
BINDERS AND TABS
Use the horizontal tabs that will run along the top of the
binder to organize subtopics within each of the key event
topics as shown.
BINDERS AND TABS
Next, use the vertical tabs that will run along the right
side of the binder to organize the Key Event Topics
BINDERS AND TABS
To guide student research, do the following:
• Have students acquire a set number of
websites, text, illustrations, etc. for the
assigned subtopic
• Have students copy the resource and
place it into the binder in its correct
subtopic tab
• Use Information Analysis Skills to
extrapolate information from the
resource
Summarizing Research
Have students summarize their research in their own
words. This can be done by:
• Study the article before you read it.
Examine the title, headings, illustrationsanything that will help them to focus on
what is to be read
• Read the article carefully identifying the
main idea, major subordinate ideas and
their relationship to one another
BINDERS AND TABS
You can then follow up with Practice Activities geared
towards the KET subtopic that students researched
SOFTWARE
Notebook software
is portable,
customizable and
allows greater
collaboration
between students
Students and
coaches may not be
familiar with
software, some
students may not
have computers or
Internet access
SOFTWARE
There are a number of e-notebook programs available
such as MS One-Note 2010.
GLACIAL MOVEMENT
This image TERRA image of College
Fjord, Alaska shows two large glaciers.
Harvard Glacier is the large continental
glacier shown at the left. Yale Glacier is
shown on the right.
COLLEGE FJORD
Which of the two
glaciers appears to be
shrinking?
Yale Glacier
Which appears to be
growing into the fjord?
Harvard Glacier
COLLEGE FJORD
Which glacier appears
to be producing the
most icebergs?
Harvard Glacier
COLLEGE FJORD
Where are the largest
concentrations of
vegetation shown on
the image?
Along the fjord walls
COLLEGE FJORD
What wavelength was
likely used to create
this image?
Infrared
GLACIAL MOVEMENT
• Different wavelengths of EM energy interact with
water in different ways
• Remote sensing sensors can detect and record EM
energy that cannot be seen by the human eye
• Remote sensing imagery can help us to understand
how changes in atmospheric and ocean temperatures
may affect us
• Remote sensing imagery is easy and fun to use
CREATING EVENT NOTES
Remote Sensing, like most Science Olympiad events
allows the use of student notes and other resources
during competition.
In Remote Sensing, each team is allowed up to five
8.5x11” double-sided sheets of computer or handgenerated notes
CREATING EVENT NOTES
Limits are placed upon the amount of material that
students may bring to competitions
CREATING EVENT NOTES
Write the information in each section so that it can be
clearly understood by both team members and can be
communicated during competition with a minimum of
conversation
CREATING EVENT NOTES
Have competition notes in clear view of the Event Supervisor
and be sure you have the latest Event Rules and Rule
Clarifications specifying what may be brought to competition.
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
Wetlands are important
transitional landforms
between bodies of
water and land.
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
For at least part of the
year, wetlands are
flooded with water.
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
Covering just 6% of
Earth’s surface,
wetlands including
marshes, tundra, peat
bogs, lagoons, river
deltas and floodplains
account for 10-20% of
terrestrial carbon.
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
Wetlands slow the
decay of organic
material trapped in
them and hold as much
as 771 gigatons of C02,
methane and other
greenhouse gases
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
Wetlands are also
important in the
prevention of floods in
floodplain areas, acting
as sponges that soak up
excess water.
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
They also capture
sediments needed for
agriculture, cleanse
waters of organic
pollutants and limit
seashore and riverbank
erosion.
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
Given their importance,
wetlands are vital to the
health global
ecosystems as well as
local regions.
PARKER RIVER
MASSACHUSETTS
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
What do the bright tones of
red in the Parker River,
Massachusetts Image
indicate?
What do the tan and green
tones on the image indicate?
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
What does black indicate on
the Parker River,
Massachusetts image?
What do the blue and white
tones on the image indicate?
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
Why does the red color of
the image seem to become
darker at the mouth of the
river (upper left)?
What type of landform will
likely occur over time in the
area indicated by the orange
circle?
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
What do the angular lines
indicate in the area shown in
the black circle?
The small puddles and ponds
shown throughout the image
provide evidence of what
geologic process?
INFRARED IMAGERY OF WETLANDS
• Different wavelengths of EM energy interact with
water in different ways
• Remote sensing sensors can detect and record EM
energy that cannot be seen by the human eye
• Remote sensing imagery can allow us to see changes
in natural and human activities that would otherwise
be invisible.
RESOURCES FOR REMOTE SENSING
• 2012 Remote Sensing Training Handout
• 2012 Science Olympiad Remote Sensing Resource CD
• 2011 Division C Test Bank CD
• State Coach’s Resource Webpages
• Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology Eighth Edition
2009
American Geological Institute and National Association
of Geoscience Teachers Edited by Richard M. Busch
and illustrated by Dennis Tasa
Pearson Publishers
RESOURCES FOR REMOTE SENSING
• NASA Earth Observation Mission Satellite Technical
Manual
• NASA Earth Change and Space Flight
• NASA Earth From Space Website for Images
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES:
• Identify significant changes in the focus and rules for
the 2013 Remote Sensing competition
• Provide a description of remote sensing and its
associated terms
• Demonstrate instructional strategies that may be used
to create an event training program for event trainers
and students
• Identify resources that may be used to help prepare
students for the 2013 Remote Sensing Event