Extrinsic and Intrinsic
Motivation
SWBAT:
1. Use extrinsic motivators more effectively
2. Cultivate intrinsic motivation in students
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Extrinsic Motivation
Definition: motivation coming from outside of an individual.
Examples: money, rewards, praise, grades, etc.
Uses: great for encouraging basic skill development,
reinforcing good habits, and encouraging self-efficacy.
Limitations: doesn’t create learning on an intrinsic level, can
hurt self-efficacy if misused, kids can grow dependent when not
coupled with a higher concept such as flow.
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Intrinsic Motivation
Definition: motivation coming from within an individual.
Examples: anything that is done for the love of the act itself.
Uses: develops deepest level of thinking and learning, selfdirected learning.
Limitations: difficult to teach the concept without a conscious
plan, rewards are not immediate, requires solid skill base and
the creation of meaningful lessons that appeal to kids with
diverse interests.
Daniel Pink
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Flow
Purpose
Mastery
Autonomy
Intrinsic
High level
Skill and Concept
Development
Extrinsic
Teacher Drives Learning
Low level
Self-Efficacy
Supportive Environment
Growth
Mindset
Parents
Society
Cultural
Appreciation
Peers
Teachers
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Self-Efficacy
Growth Mindset
•
•
•
•
•
Embrace challenges
Persist in the face of setbacks
See effort as the path to mastery
Learn from criticism
Inspired by success of others
Fixed Mindset
•
•
•
•
•
Avoid challenges
Give up easily
Effort is useless
Ignore feedback
Threatened by success of others
*High expectations
Appreciation of Culture and Diversity Lessons
 Create a classroom and school environment where culture and diversity is
visible and respected. Allow students to share their own cultures.
http://michaelgr.com/2007/04/15/fixed-mindset-vs-growth-mindset-which-one-are-you/
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Skill and Concept Development
This is where the bulk of research and professional development seems to be
focused:
 Learning targets
 Classroom management
 Best Practices
Goal:
 Help kids develop habits and a solid skill/concept base that will allow them
to reach levels of autonomy and mastery, eventually experiencing flow
(intrinsic motivation).
13 Habits of Experts
Kathleen Cushman
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13 Habits of Experts
www.firesinthemind.org
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What is Flow?
Theory developed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi in 1980’s
MEE-hy CHEEK-sent-mə-HY-ee
Characteristics of a flow experience:
• Loss of self-consciousness
• Time disappears
• Limitless energy
• Skills and conceptual understanding developed to autonomy
• Challenges appropriate to skill level
• Success is met with new challenges and goals causing growth
• The individual drives the experience
Optimal Flow:
• Activity can inspire others
• Activity gives a sense of greater purpose
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How Do We Teach Flow?
Explain the concept of flow to students:
• Share personal experiences
• Get them to think about flow in their own lives
• Learn about student interests, their flow experiences (flow database)
Give kids visual examples of people doing what they love (inspire them):
• Videos/Guest speakers/Field trips
Connect flow to curriculum:
• After developing skills, give them opportunities to use those skills in a
purposeful way (projects with autonomy, mastery, purpose)
Teach habits the lead to mastery:
• 13 Habits of Experts
• Flow journal (growth versus closed mindsets)
• Metacognition and reflection
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Socratic Seminar
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1. I have experienced flow in my life.
2. It is possible to incorporate flow in my classroom.
3. I have had success creating intrinsic motivation
in my classroom.
4. I have had success with extrinsic rewards.
5. Developing intrinsically motivated students
should be the top priority of every school.
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Flow
Purpose
Mastery
Autonomy
Intrinsic
High level
Skill and Concept
Development
Extrinsic
Teacher Drives Learning
Low level
Self-Efficacy
Supportive Environment
Growth
Mindset
Parents
Society
Cultural
Appreciation
Peers
Teachers
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In order to develop more skills and experience more flow,
your are forced to grow as a person.
Flow
&
*Imagine this shape
3-dimensionally
Self
Be a Star!!!
This area represents the
fact that skills and
concepts overlap.
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Unlit Match
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Ray
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Star
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Become a Star
Find Flow
Develop Your Skills
and
Understanding
Believe in yourself,
and help others
do the same
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My Educational Philosophy:
Create Stars
1. Create self-efficacy through the development of a supportive environment.
Have high expectations for all students. Teach and model a growth mindset,
develop appreciation of culture and diversity within students and self.
2. Develop students’ skills and understanding of concepts as effectively and
efficiently as possible through best practices. Develop and use extrinsic
rewards appropriate to the context. Teach habits that lead to mastery.
3. Teach the concept of flow. Explain and instill the value of being intrinsically
motivated. Create opportunities for students to start experiencing and
reflecting on flow in school so that they can continue the process throughout
their lives.
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic
Motivation
1. When and how should extrinsic motivators be used?
2. How can we cultivate intrinsic motivation in students?
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