Sub Search P.S.
How The Braves Make Their Mark
Sub Search P.S.
• 3 Parts
• Part 1 – SUB
• SKIM, UNDERLINE, BRACKET
• Part 2 – SEARCH
• SYMBOLS, ENUMERATION, ABBREVIATIONS, REACH & CONNECT,
HIGHLIGHT
• Part 3 – P.S.
• PARAPHRASE and SUMMARIZE
Part 1
S.U.B
S.U.B.
• S - Skim = Speed Read a text for main ideas !
• U - Underline = Underline as you “first-draft” read
• B - [Brackets] = Bracket that one major idea / thesis
The SUB phase of SubSearch (PS)
is the quick “first draft” reading that
focuses on finding the main idea or
the BIG PICTURE of a text selection.
S.U.B The Text:
• As we Skim
• Underline
• [Bracket] a text
We are forcing ourselves to concentrate and seek out the very few
“MAIN IDEAS” in the passage.
SUB-ing a text is a fast
strategy that leads the
reader into discovery of
the main concepts !
Practice
• Skim – The article – Just
Looking
• Underline – Underline the
main ideas
• Bracket – The ONE major
main idea
In the March 14 issue of Science magazine, chemists from
Brigham Young University and The Scripps Research Institute
detail aaprocess
[detail
processthat
thatcould
couldreduce
reducedependence
dependenceon
onpetroleum.
petroleum.]
The most unexpected breakthrough in the paper was that ordinary
"main group" metals like thallium and lead can trigger the
conversion of natural gas to liquid alcohol. The research teams
saw in experiments that natural gas to alcohol conversion occurs at
180 degrees Celsius -- just a fraction of the heat needed with
traditional "transition metal" catalysts (1400-1600 degrees Celsius).
The BYU team was crucial in using theory to understand how and
why this process works at low temperatures and under mild
conditions.
"This is a highly novel piece of work that opens the way to
upgrading of natural gas to useful chemicals with simple materials
and moderate conditions," said Robert Crabtree, a chemistry
professor at Yale who is familiar with the new study.
The discovery comes at a time when natural gas production is
booming in America -- a trend that is expected to continue for the
next 30 years. The new process actually cuts out one step of the
process for fuel production. Ordinarily the three main parts of raw
natural gas -- methane, ethane and propane -- are separated
before they are turned into fuels or other useful chemicals.
"Hardly anybody actually tries to do reactions on a genuine mixture
that you would get from natural gas," said Daniel Ess, a BYU
chemistry professor and one of the study authors. "Turns out we
can just directly use the mixture of what comes out of natural gas
and convert all three of them together."
The potential benefits aren't limited to the production of fuel, Ess
said. Many chemicals derived from natural gas, such as methanol,
are also important in manufacturing.
"Whether you use methanol to burn as a fuel or as a chemical
commodity for products, this process cuts down energy usage,"
Ess said.
PART 2
SEA.RC.H
“S” stands for SYMBOLS :
There are literally hundreds of SYMBOLS that can use
in the margins:
An idea I agree with
I LOVE this idea!
Brainstorm – big idea!
A “turnaround” idea - going a different direction
or I disagree – that’s an incorrect thought!
“E” stands for ENUMERATION:
LISTS of facts, details, names and dates are some of
the best “clues” an author gives his reader:
Number
those
Three
Major
Reasons
The North won the Civil war for three
main reasons: 1 better supplies,
2more economic power, and 3higher
population in the Northern states.
S.E.A. For Deeper Reading
“A” stands for Abbreviations:
Our students are MASTERS of abbreviation because of their skill at
IM (instant messaging) and Text-Messaging.
ot = off topic
pu = that idea stinks
FYI = for your information (an idea worth knowing)
eod = end of discussion … the author makes a culminating point
tmi = too much information / don’t need to know all this
S.E.A. For Deeper Reading
“A” stands for Abbreviations:
Here are some of the most common IM and Text Message
abbreviations – how can students use these to SubSearch ?
:o = I’m shocked by this idea!
>:-( =
: ( = I’m disappointed / disagreeing
:-!
: ) = I’m happy to see this / agreeing
: - /=
-I’m annoyed with this author
= I’m very bored with this text !
I’m frustrated with this text !
The R/C is the most important!
• When our students React and Connect to the text,
they write personal notes and emotional reactions in
the margins.
• The R/C phase is the most important, because it shows
that the reader is truly interacting with the text.
Personal comments are most memorable!
• R/C is one of the ALWAYS-REQUIRED stages of
SubSearch (PS). Others are optional – but we ALWAYS
REACT and we ALWAYS CONNECT.
What does react-connect look like?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cat-sidh/385649535/
H is for HIGHLIGHT
Highlighting is like
GOLD
Highlighting has value when it is RARE.
Too much highlighting = little learning!
After we have S.U.B.-ed and S.E.A.R.C.-ed, THEN we can pick up a
highlighter – and we give students a target number of highlighted
sentences / phrases per passage.
HIGHLIGHTING
is an “after” reading
strategy – so is the P.S. (paraphrase
/ summarize)
When students can paraphrase (put information into their own words)
and summarize (condense large amounts of text into smaller “bites” of
information) …
They are TRULY reading and comprehending!
Why Paraphrase / Summarize?
• According to the research of Marzano, paraphrasing and
summarizing information may be the most significant strategy and
skill that readers develop in school.
• After finishing a full SUB-SEARCH of an article or passage, students
should look back at their markings – and write their own P.S.
statement at the end !