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Period 4: 1800 – 1848
APUSH Review: Key
Concept 4.3
Everything You Need To Know About Key
Concept 4.3 To Succeed In APUSH
The New Curriculum

Key Concept 4.3 “US interest in increasing
foreign trade, expanding its national
borders, and isolating itself from European
conflicts shaped the nation’s foreign policy
and spurred government and private
initiatives.”
◦ Page 42 of the Curriculum Framework

Big ideas:
◦ How did the US increase its control of North
America?
◦ How did both the North and South oppose the
power of the federal government?
◦ How was slavery seen as a divisive issue during
this time?
Key Concept 4.3 I


“Struggling to create an independent global presence, US policymakers sought to dominate the
North American continent and to promote its foreign trade.” – pg 42 of the curriculum
framework
After the Louisiana Purchase, the US began to
expand trade and contact beyond its borders:
◦ Oregon border: US and Canada eventually settled on the
49th parallel
◦ Annexing Texas: After Texas declared independence, the
US added Texas in 1845 (debates over slavery)
◦ Trading with China: Treaty of Wanghia (1844) improved
trading rights for US in China

US sought to dominate North America through
military, judicial actions, and diplomatic efforts:
◦ Monroe Doctrine: Warned Europe to stay out of Latin
America, in return US would stay out of European affairs
◦ Webster-Ashburton Treaty: helped resolve the
Maine/Canada boundary dispute (Aroostook War)
Key Concept 4.3 II

“Various American groups and individuals initiated, championed, and/or resisted the expansion of territory
and/or government powers.” – pg 42 of the curriculum framework
Debates raised over expansion and incorporation of new
territories
◦ Slave vs. non-slave areas (Missouri Compromise – desire to
balance the number of slave and free states)
 Northern and Southern States resisted the authority of the
federal government
◦ Hartford Convention: New England reaction to the War of
1812 and embargoes against Britain (Federalists)
◦ Nullification Crisis: Southern reaction to high tariffs (South
Carolina Exposition and Protest)
 Those living on the frontier advocated expansion
◦ Warhawks during War of 1812 – Henry Clay
◦ After War of 1812, Natives on the frontier were less of a
threat -> pushed further west
 Native American conflicts and federal efforts to control Natives
◦ Indian Removal Act – supported by Southerners, pushed
Natives west of the Mississippi River
 Trail of Tears (1837) – forced removal west of Mississippi
◦ Seminole Wars – series of wars with Natives in Florida

Key Concept 4.3 III
Source: Thomas Jefferson to John
 “The American acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to a contest over the extension
Randolph,
April
22, 1820
of slavery into
the western
territories as well as a series of attempts at national
compromise.” – pg 43 of the curriculum framework
[T]his momentous question, like a firebell in
the night, awakened and filled me with terror.
I considered it, at once as the [death] knell
of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the
moment.
But this
a reprieve
only, MO
not a = slave, 36º30’
◦ 3 parts
–isME
= free,
final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding
◦ Thomas
Jefferson
warned
with
a marked principle,
moral and
political,of the effects
once conceived and held up to the angry
◦ MO Compromise was later overturned by
passions of men, will never be obliterated;
and every
new irritationKansas”
will mark it deeper
> “Bleeding
and deeper.
Missouri Compromise had short term success,
but eventually broke down

KS-NB Act -
Slavery expanded to the Southwest ->
increased tensions and debates over national
goals, priorities, and strategies
Test Tips

Multiple-Choice and Short Answer
Questions:
◦
◦
◦
◦
States vs. federal government tensions
US increasing its power in North America
Expansion and Native Americans
Missouri Compromise

Essay Questions:

Good luck in May!
◦ Ways that regions resisted the power of the federal
government
◦ Impacts of expansion (politically, socially,
economically) on America and various groups
(Natives)
◦ Missouri Compromise (as part of other compromises
leading to Civil War)
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