Rural Libraries and Rural Librarian
Training in the US
农村图书馆和农村图书馆员培训
Mengxiong Liu, Ph.D.
San Jose State University
刘孟雄博士
圣荷西州立大学
Rural Background
美国农村概况
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85% land is rural 农村面积
25% rural population 农村人口
Out migration in the 1980s 农村人口外流
Reverse in the 1990s 农村人口回流
Outmigration: young and highly educated
农村人口外流多为年轻有文化者
Living Conditions in Rural Areas
农村生活情况
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57% do not own a car 没有汽车
40% w/o public transportation 没有公共交通
22,000,000 live in medically underserved
areas 缺医少药
Fewer rural residents have B.A. or higher
大学毕业年轻人要比城市少得多
More rural residents have no high school
diploma 没有高中毕业的要比城市多得多
Rural Communities’ Unique
Challenges
农村社区的独特挑战
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Isolation
Los population density
Mobility disadvantages
Scarcity of financial
resources
Lack of expertise and
human resources
Resistance to change and
innovation
Lack of ancillary services
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偏僻孤立
人口密度低
流动性不足
稀缺的金融资源
缺乏专业知识和人力资
源
偏于保守，抵制变革与
创新
缺乏辅助服务
Rural Library Issues
农村图书馆问题
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Library financing
Lack of academically
trained staff
Lack of technology
Limited analysis of
community needs
Traditionally
conservative nature
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缺乏图书馆资金
缺乏训练有素的工作
人员
缺乏技术条件
社会需求分析不足
传统保守的性质
ALA Committee on Rural, Native, and Tribal Libraries of
All Kinds (2004) 农村,原住民和部落图书馆委员会
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http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/olos/rntloakcttee.cfm
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To review issues and challenges facing rural, native
and tribal libraries of all kinds; to collaborate with
other ALA units addressing the needs of rural
communities; and to serve as an advocate for and
partner with libraries serving rural, tribal and native
populations.
审查农村,原住民和部落图书馆面临的问题和挑战;与
全美图书馆协会协作解决农村社区的需要;并成为一个
为合作伙伴提供服务和倡导农村原住民和部落图书馆
地推动者和合作伙伴。
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Survey Results 调查结果
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Greatest challenge – money
Training needs for both
library staff and users:
computer skills and basic
library skills
Training needs for library
staff: academic training
Hardware, technical support
and training
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最大的挑战 – 资金
图书馆工作人员和用户
培训需求：电脑技能和
图书馆使用基本技能
图书馆工作人员培训需
求：系统图书馆学
硬件，技术支持
Assets in rural Communities and
Libraries 农村社区和图书馆所拥有的资产
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Rural people – the biggest
asset
Rural human resources –
dedicated library staff, library
trustees, library volunteers,
and library supporters.
Rural library users –
meeting their needs is the
rural librarian’s top priority
Library buildings – the only
governmental presence, a
point for a variety of public
services
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农村人民 - 最大的资产
农村人力资源 – 敬业的
图书馆工作人员，图书
馆义工，图书馆支持者
农村图书馆用户 - 满足
他们的需要，是农村图
书管理员的首要任务
图书馆建筑 - 唯一的政
府代表和各类公共服务
点
National Responses
全国性对策
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Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
比尔盖茨基金会
The Rural Library Sustainability Project
http://www.webjunction.org/rlsp
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农村图书馆持续发展项目
WebJunction www.webjunction.org
农村图书馆员网上培训项目
The Maintain IT Project
http://www.alatechsource.org/blog/2007/01/talking-about-themaintain-it-project.html
信息技术维护项目
The Rural Library Sustainability
Project 农村图书馆持续发展项目
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Increase the number of rural librarians implementing technology
sustainability action plans by providing funding for all 50 state library
agencies. 提供50个州资金来增加农村图书馆员以实施此项持续性的行
动计划
WebJunction is poised to play a leading role in the program, through a
combination of curriculum development, facilitation, evaluation, and
online communication activities for each participating state.
WebJunction 在方案中发挥主导作用，包括课程，协调，评价，并为参
与者提供在线交流活动。
WebJunction facilitates a forum for participants to meet in conjunction
with ALA’s annual conference to discuss, share, and develop next
steps. WebJunction 提供一个论坛与美国图书馆协会年度会议同时举行
让参与者讨论，交流，发展未来的步骤。
WebJunction
网上课程目录 (500 courses)
Library Community Responses
图书馆界的对策
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CRNTAK – advocacy tool kit 宣传策略和工具
http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/olos/supporttoolkit/strate
gy.cfm
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PLA’s Rural Library Services Committee
公共图书馆协会的农村图书馆服务委员会
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Conferences of Association of Rural & Small
Libraries 农村和小图书馆协会
Library Practitioner Certification Program
图书馆从业者认证计划
California Initiative
加州倡议
Rural Library Initiative Website
www.rurallibraries.org 农村图书馆倡议网站
 Rural Library Training Resources
www.rurallibraries.org/training/index.html
农村图书馆培训资源库
 Rural Electronic Clearinghouse
http://resourceroundup.net
农村图书馆资源交换中心
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California State Library's Rural
Initiative
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美国加州州立图书馆的农村倡议是LSTA资助
的项目，引导更多的资源用于地理位置偏僻的
公共图书馆。农村图书馆倡议协助解决其自身
的使命，就是：所有的州民都能自由和方便地
利用图书馆的资源和服务丰富他们的生活，不
论他们在何处居住。
Rural Library Initiative Website
农村图书馆倡议网站
Rural Library Training Resources
农村图书馆培训资源库的形式和内容
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On-ground 实地培训
Online 在线培训
Webnar 网上培训
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Core reference
fundamentals 参考服务基础
Fully engaged customer
service 客户服务
Libraries helping individuals
and communities图书馆对个
人和社区的帮助
Online Training Workshops
网上培训课程
Rural Electronic Clearinghouse
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农村图书馆资源交换中心是一个在线档案，帮
助加州的农村公共图书馆服务更有效。通过提
供所需的常用文件，材料和图书馆业务的有关
方案，政策和实践，来帮助农村图书馆更快，
更方便地获取信息。
农村图书馆资源交换中心
Focus on Three Key Issues
三个关键问题
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Reduce project fragmentation and create synergy 减少项目分
散，创造协同效应
Get more people in the circle and out of isolation 吸引更多的人
加入进来，脱离孤立
Need to expand the circle 需要扩大圈子
Reference
Hildreth, Susan “Rural libraries: the heart of our community.”
Public Libraries. March/April 2007,
p 7-11.