HOLT
World History
CHAPTER 6
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Greece’s Golden
and Hellenistic Ages
Section 1: Greek Art of the Golden Age
Section 2: Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age
Section 3: Alexander the Great
Section 4: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Greek Art of the Golden Age
Objectives:
 Explain why the 400s B.C. are considered the
golden age of Greek art and architecture.
 Examine how Greek art of the golden age
reflected the Greeks’ view of themselves and
the world.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Greek Art of the Golden Age
The Arts of the Golden Age
 Architecture – Acropolis, Parthenon
 Painting – vases
 Sculpture – Myron, Phidias, Praxiteles
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Greek Art of the Golden Age
The Nature of Greek Art
 Glorified human beings
 Symbolized Greeks’ pride in city-states
 Expressed harmony, balance, order and
moderation
 Combined beauty and usefulness
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age
Objectives:
 Explain the basic ideas of Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle.
 Identify the achievements of Greek
mathematicians and scientists of the golden age.
 Identify the literary forms that originated or
flourished during Greece’s golden age.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age
The Rise of Philosophy
 Socrates – education was key to personal growth
 Plato – dealt with government, education, justice,
and religion
 Aristotle – wanted limited democracy
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age
Mathematics, Medicine, and Science
 Pythagoras – believed that everything could be
explained in terms of mathematics
 Hippocrates – considered the founder of medical
science
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age
History
 Herodotus – first historian of Western world
 Thucydides – wrote History of the
Peloponnesian War
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age
Greek Theater
 Drama – chorus described scene and commented
on action
 Tragedies – Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides
 Comedies – Aristophanes
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Alexander the Great
Objectives:
 Detail how Philip II of Macedon paved the way
for cultural change.
 Examine what Alexander the Great accomplished.
 Identify the factors that contributed to the breakup
of Alexander’s empire.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Alexander the Great
Philip II of Macedon
 Developed first professional army
 Demosthenes led opposition to Philip
 Assassinated in 336 B.C.
 Succeeded by his son, Alexander, who became
known as Alexander the Great
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
 Military and classical education
 Conquered most of known world
 Died at age 32
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Alexander the Great
Beginnings of the Hellenistic World
 The spread of Greek culture – marriage between
Greeks and Persians was encouraged
 The breakup of Alexander’s empire – divided into
Macedon, Egypt, and Syria
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Objectives:
 Describe how society changed during the
Hellenistic Age.
 Explain how philosophers of the Hellenistic Age
viewed ethics.
 Identify the ways in which Hellenistic scientists
added to the existing body of knowledge.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Learning and Commerce
 Trade routes to China, India, Arabia
 Women won new property rights, appeared more
often in public
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Religion and Philosophy
 Ruler-worship
 Cynicism – Diogenes
 Skepticism – Pyrrho
 Stoicism – Zeno
 Epicureanism – Epicurus
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Science in the Hellenistic Age
 Mathematics and physics – Euclid, Archimedes
 Medicine – anatomy
 Astronomy and geography – Aristarchus,
Eratosthenes
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