Introduction to
Technical and
Vocational Education
in Malaysia
(Secondary Technical Schools)
Technical Education Department
Ministry of Education Malaysia
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT 2004-present
ORGANISATION CHART
DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL OF EDUCATION (Technical)
Technical & Vocational
Education Management
Division
Technical & Vocational
Planning and Research
Division
Staff Training and Development
Division
Technical & Vocational
Curriculum
Division
OBJECTIVES of
SECONDARY TECHNICAL/VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS




To provide general education.
To provide a good foundation in technical and
vocational education to enable students to
further their studies.
To provide the industrial and commercial
sectors with manpower equipped with basic
skills and knowledge.
To provide a flexible and broad based
curriculum to meet the immediate and future
needs and changes in technology.
Technical and Vocational Training providers
beside Ministry of Education (for school
leavers)






Industrial Training Institutes
Agricultural Institutes
National Youth Training Institutes
MARA Skill Training Institutes
Private training institutes
Etc.
Maintaining Curriculum
Standard and Quality
• Standards
• Industry, Business
• Academics
• Visits
• Studies
Input &
Feedback
• Policy Decision
• Consultancy Recommendations
• Proposal from Institutions
Draft
Curriculum Development by
Curriculum Committee
Input
Advisory
Committee
Final Draft
Approval from
Curriculum Central Committee
Education Planning Committee
Implementation
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PATHWAYS
World of Work
Years of
Schooling
Post Graduate
Degree
University & Institution
of Higher
University
Learning
College
Vocational
Qualification
MHSC
Form 6
21
26
20
25
19
24
18
24
17
16
15
14
Diploma
Age
23
22
21
20
Certificate
Matriculation
Colleges
Skills Training
Institutes
Polytechnics &
Community Colleges
VS
Technical
Vocational
Skills
TECHNICAL SCHOOL
Lower Secondary
Primary
19
12
18
11
17
10
16
MSC
Malaysian Cert. of Education (MCE)
Secondary Academic School
13
Age 13 - 15
Age 7 - 12
Technical Stream (current curriculum structure)
Core Subject
1. Malay Language
2. English Language
3. English for Science & Technology
4. Mathematics
5. Islamic Education/Moral
6. History
7. Physical and Health Education
Periods
6
5
3
5
4/3
3
2
Student have to choose one
Electives Subject
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Eng Drawing / P Accounting / Biology
Additional Mathematics
Physics
Chemistry
Electives Selection
EteMS ETTecS 2006
English for the teaching of
Mathematics, Science
and Technical Subjects
4 *
4
4
4
4
Electives Selection
1. Mechanical Eng Studies
2. Civil Eng Studies
3. Electrical & Electronics Eng
Studies
4. Agrotechnology Studies
5. Agricultural Science
6. Entrepreneur Studies
7. Apparel Studies
8. Food Management
Vocational Stream (current curriculum structure)
Structure
Academic
Core
Vocational
Technology & Skill
55%
45%
Content
Subjects
Core Academics
1. Malay Language
2. English Language
3. Mathematics
4. Islamic/Moral Edu
5. History
6. Science
7. PHE
Vocational Electives
8. Technology
9. Workshop
10. Drawings
Periods
6
5
5
4/3
3
5
2
4
13
4
Building Construction
Construction Technology
Woodworks and Brickwork
Geometrical & Construction Drawing
Electrical
Electrical Technology
Electrical Installation and Control
Geometrical & Electrical Drawing
Electronics
Electronics Technology
Radio & Television Servicing
Geometrical & Electronics Drawing
Machine Shop Practice
Machine Shop Technology
Machining & Filing Practice
Geometrical & Machine Drawing
Welding & Metal Fabrication
Metal Fabrication & Welding Technology
Welding
Geometrical & Metal Fabrication Drawing
Automotive
Automotive Technology
Vehicle Services and Repairs
Geometrical & Automotive Drawing
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
Technology
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Practice
Geometrical & Air Conditioning Drawing
Business Management
Business Computing
Principle of Account
Commerce
Catering
Catering Technology
Food Preparation & Services
Commerce
Fashion Design & Dressmaking
Fashion Design & Dressmaking Technology
Fashion Designing & Dressmaking
Commerce
Beauty Culture
Beauty Technology
Cosmetology & Hairdressing
Commerce
Child Care
Child Care Studies
Child Care & Guidance
Commerce
Bakery & Confectionery
Bakery & Confectionery
Bread & Pattisserie
Commerce
Ornamental Horticulture & Landscape
Crop Production
Dairy Production
Ornamental Horticulture & Landscape
Farm Machinery
Crop Production
Dairy Production
Farm Machinery
Farm Management
Crop Production
Dairy Production
Farm Management
Making technical and vocational
education ‘works’
Traditional
Curriculum
Career Focus
Based on Standards
Modularization/
Competency Based Education
Articulation
NEW VOCATIONAL
CURRICULUM CONCEPT
Content
•
•
•
•
•
Integration of technology, practical and drawing (75% skill)
Accommodate Polytechnics & Community Colleges subjects/modules
Articulation to Polytechnics & Community Colleges
Entrepreneurship modules (across curriculum)
Introduction of Applied Science
Approach (Pedagogy)
• Modular
• Competency Based Learning
Assessment
• School Based Assessment
• Competency Assessment
• Modular Certification
Vocational Curriculum Content
(new vocational)
Accommodate and Articulate
Vocational
Subjects
Polytechnic
Modules
Geometrical
Drawing
A
Community
College
Modules
B
Entrepreneur
Vocational Curriculum Structure 2006/7
Core Subjects
Periods
1. Malay Language
6
2. English Language
5
3. Mathematics
5
4. Islamic / Moral Education 4/3
5. History
3
6. Science/Applied Science 5
7. PHE
2
Academics
Vocational
55%
45%
• Polytechnics (20)
Vocational Elective Subjects
8. Vocational A
10
9. Vocational B
10
• Community Colleges
(34)
Articulation
Modular
Competency Assessment
Modular Certification
M
C
E
World
Of Work
Vocational Stream Courses/
Subjects 2006/7
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
A. Building Materials
B. Construction Technology
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
A. Principle of E & E
B. Application of E & E
ORNAMENTAL HORT &
LANDSCAPE
A. Agricultural Machinery
B. Ornamental Hort & Landscape
CROP TECHNOLOGY
A. Agricultural Machinery
B. Crop Production
CROP AGROINDUSTRY
A. Agric. Product Processing
B. Crop Production
LIVESTOCK AGROINDUSTRY
A. Agric. Product Processing
B. Livestock Production
MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE
A. Computer Machining
B. Engineeringl Workshop Practice
WELDING
A. Arc Welding
B. Gas Welding
AUTOMOTIVE
A. Vehicle Automotive
B. Electrical & Diesel Automotive
REFRIGERATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING
A. Refrigeration
B. Air Conditioning
OFFICE TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
A. Computer Application in Business
B. Business Office Technology
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
A. Computer Application in Business
B. Business Accounting
CATERING
A. Western & Eastern Food Preparation
B. Food and Beverages Preparation
FASION
A. Dress Making
B. Dress Pola
BEAUTIFICATION
A. Make up
B. Hair Dressing
CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICES
A. Child Development Studies
B. Child Services
BAKERI
A. Yeast and Bread
B. Patisserie
TOURISM
A. Recreational & Tourism
B. Basic Tourism Skill
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
A. Fundamentals of Programming
B. Programming and Development Tools
CREATIVE MULTIMEDIA
A. Animation and Editorial Design
B. Creative Multimedia Editorial
COMPUTER SUPPORT & NETWORKING
A. Computer Support System
B. Networking Support System
Building Construction Workshop
Woodworking Workshop
Plumbing Workshop
Machining Workshop
Science Laboratory
Computer Laboratory
Education System Reforms
• Reducing the number of subjects in public
examinations and increasing SBA
• From Term System to Semester System
• Reducing content-based and increasing
skill-based
• Innovating T & L approach by fully utilising
project management approach
EVALUATION STUDY
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT
Relationship and output benefit between Stage 1
(TSSs learners) and Stage 2 (TSSs learners in Sem. 1 at
polytechnics
source: Further study by TVCD October/November 2004
Curriculum
Input
TSS
Process
COMPARISON OF CGPA (Polytechnic)
5.60
3.35
5.50
3.30
CGPA
MCE SCORE
COMPARISON OF MCE GRADE AVERAGE
5.40
5.30
3.25
3.20
5.20
3.15
5.10
3.10
K1
5.00
K1
K2
TSS
OTHERS
K2
TSS
POPULATION
K3
COHORT
K3
COHORT
Further
Devt.
Output
OTHERS
POPULATION
Research Findings
• The product of technical secondary schools
(TSSs) perform much better in Semester 1 at
polytechnics, compared to the product of
secondary schools even though the take-off
values (TOV) of TSSs is marginally lower
• From studies conducted by employers, there
exists an expectation gap among employers
toward the performance of TSSs product at the
workplace
a) the product of TSSs are competent and skillful,
technically and academically
b) However, employers evaluate highly personal
attributes and soft / employability skills
Vocational Stream
REFORMS
•
•
•
•
Implementation of competency-based education
Integration of hands-on and heads-on
Articulation to institution of higher learning
Entrepreneurial element across VSSs courses
Technical stream
REFORMS
• Reviewing the technical subject curriculum
– School-based Assessment (SBA)
– Employability skills
Technical Curriculum Toward
SBA & Employability Skills
FUTURE CURRICULUM
Key Competencies
1. Collecting, analysing &
organising information
2. Communicating ideas and
information
3. Planning and organising
activities
4.Working with others and
in teams
TOPICS
1.
2.
3.
7. Using technology
WORKSHOP PRACTICE
PROJECTS
PRESENTATION
* Other competencies
i.e SCANS
60-70%
contextualized
5. Using mathematical ideas
and techniques
6. Solving problems
Centralised
Assessment
OTHERS
School-based
Assessment
30-40%
Terima kasih
Thank you
Technical and Vocational Curriculum Division
Technical Education Department
Ministry of Education Malaysia
Level 5, Block E-14, Parcel E,
Federal Government Administration Centre
62604 Putrajaya, Malaysia