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Where We Are Now
Young athletes under-train, over-compete.
Adult competition superimposed on young athletes.
Training in early years focuses on outcomes (winning) rather than processes
(optimal training).
Chronological age dominates training rather than biological age.
The "critical" or "sensitive“ periods of accelerated adaptation to training are not utilized
Under development between 6-16 years cannot be fully overcome (athletes will never reach genetic potential).
The best coaches are encouraged to work at elite level.
Limited coaching education provided to those working at the youngest age groups.
(CEP Level 1)
Parent's education is neglected with regards to long-term athlete development
(nutrition, regeneration, maturation and psycho-social development, etc...)
Lack of the integration of sport science, sport medicine and sport-specific technical-tactical activities
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What is LTAD?
Integrates training, competition and recovery programming with relation to biological development and maturation
Is participant/athlete centered, coach driven, and parents, officials, administration, sport medicine & sport science supported
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
1.
Ten year rule
• It takes 10 years of extensive practice to excel in anything ! H. Simon Nobel Laureate
• 10 year or 10,000 hour rule (Ericsson and Charness,
1994 and Salmela et al., 1999)
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
2.
FUNdamentals
• A, B, C, Speed
• Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS)
– Gymnastics, Swimming, Running,
Gliding, (Wheeling)
• Fundamental Sports Skills (FSS)
– Throwing, Striking, Kicking
• FMS + FSS = Physical Literacy
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
3.
Specialization
• Early vs. Late Specialization
• Reduced time spent on broad based physical literacy
• Peak at 16
• Increased injuries
• Early burnout, early retirement
• Late specialization athletes have included,
• Wayne Gretzky, Chris Drury, Bill Guerin, Rick Nash, Natalie
Darwitz, Angela Ruggiero
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Currently, we first try to make a player and then we want to make an athlete out of the player!
Reverse the Procedure
We have to make an athlete first and then make a player out of the athlete !
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
4.
Growth, Development, and Maturation
• Biological Age vs. Chronological Age
13 year old female athletes
14 year old male athletes
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
4.
Growth, Development, and Maturation
• Average children grows 2.5 inches or 5 cm per year.
• Gain about 5 lbs. or 2.3 kg.
• Until they hit their growth spurt.
• Leg length as a rule reaches its peak first 6 to 9 month ahead of trunk length.
• Shoulder and chest breadth are the last to reach their peak.
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
5.
Windows of Trainability
• Five ‘S’ of Training and Performance (Dick 1985)
• Stamina (Endurance)
• Strength
• Speed
• Skill
• Suppleness (Flexibility)
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Windows of Trainability
Pacific Sports - Optimal Windows of
Trainability (Balyi and Way 2005)
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
5.
Windows of Trainability
• Five ‘S’ of Training and Performance (Dick 1985)
• Stamina (Endurance)
– Always trainable
– Critical window of accelerated adaptation to aerobic training begins with the onset of PHV
– Age 10 – 11 for females
– Age 12 - 13 for males
– Monitoring maturation to identify onset
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
5.
Windows of Trainability
• Five ‘S’ of Training and Performance (Dick 1985)
• Strength
– Always trainable
– Critical window of accelerated adaptation to strength training
– Window 1 for females immediately after PHV
– Window 2 for females with the onset of menarche
– 12 – 18 month after PHV for males
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
5.
Windows of Trainability
• Five ‘S’ of Training and Performance (Dick 1985)
• Speed
– Always trainable but declines with age
– Critical window of accelerated adaptation to speed training:
– Males:
- Window 1: 7 - 9 years of age
- Window 2: 13 – 16 years of age
– Females:
- Window 1: 6 – 8 years of age
- Window 2: 11 – 13 years of age
– (Chronological age)
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
5.
Windows of Trainability
• Five ‘S’ of Training and Performance (Dick 1985)
• Speed
– Window 1 is agility, quickness window.
– Change of direction, linear, lateral and multi directional speed
– Segmental speed
– Duration of intervals less then 5 seconds
– Window 2 is anaerobic lactic power and capacity window
– Linear, lateral, multi directional and chaotic speed
– Duration of intervals 5 – 20 seconds
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
5.
Windows of Trainability
• Five ‘S’ of Training and Performance (Dick 1985)
• Skill
– Always trainable but significantly declines with age
– Window of accelerated adaptation to motor coordination
– Age 8 – 11 females
– Age 9 – 12 males
– Early and late specialization sports
– The importance of transitional skills
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
5.
Windows of Trainability
• Five ‘S’ of Training and Performance (Dick 1985)
• Suppleness (Flexibility)
– Always trainable but significantly declines with age
– Optimal trainability 6 – 10 (Dr. K. Russel)
– Special attention during PHV
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
6.
Mental / Cognitive / Emotional Development
• Basic Characteristics
• Performance Capabilities and Limitations
• Implications to the Coach
If you want to teach Latin to Richard, you have to know Latin and you have to know Richard.
If you want to teach hockey to Richard, you have to know hockey and you have to know Richard
We know hockey well BUT we do not know Richard from age 8-9 to
16-17 PERIOD!!!
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
7.
Periodization and Training Principles
• Optimal Sequencing and Integration of training, competition and recovery activities throughout periods, phases and mesocycles so the athletes reaches an optimal sport’s form for the decisive competitions of the year.
Olympic Coach – Summer 2004 Vol.16, #2
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
8.
System Alignment and Integration
Physical
Education
Mutually
Interdependent
Community
Recreation
Separate Development is Ineffective and Expensive
High
Performance
Organized
Sports
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The 10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD
9.
The System of Competition (Calendar planning)
• Does the coach have enough time to develop the athlete before the competition season begins?
• Does the actual system of competition favour athlete development?
• Does the coach have time to improve the performance capacities (Phys; Tech; Tact and Mental) of the athletes between key competitions?
• Dictated schedule or Selective schedule?
• How can you develop talent when you compete more than you train?
System of competition in Fundamentals and Learn to Train Stages is the most critical
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10. Continuous improvement
• Continued evaluation of the LTAD research
• Critical analysis of decisions and implemented actions
• Study of current literature
• Be open to change
High Performance = Accelerated Rate of Change
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(Ice Hockey)
Active Start Stage - FUNdamental movement skills
FUNdamental Stage Developing ABC’s
Learning to Train - Learning fundamental sports skills
Active Start
0-6
FUNdamentals
6 and Under Mites
8 and Under Mites
Learning to Train
10 and Under Squirt
12 and Under Peewee
Training to Train - Building the "engine" and consolidate sport skills
Training to Train
14 and Under Bantams
16 and Under Midgets
Learn to Compete - Optimizing "engine" and refine sport skills
Learning to Compete
18 and Under Midgets
Training to Compete - Optimizing "engine" and refine sport skills and performance
Training to Win
Training to Compete
Junior, NCAA
Training to Win
19+ Junior, NCAA, NHL
Maximizing "engine“, skills and performance
Hockey for Life
Hockey for Life
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Why is ADM Important?
New approach /philosophy towards improvement
Cashin on “Windows of Trainability”
Means to facilitate optimal development of athletes
Increase player retention
Full sport system alignment and integration (stronger partnerships throughout sport system)
Not just world class… but world leading!
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Mission:
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ADM at 6 U & 8 U Mites
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(6/8 & Under)
Develop a passion for our sport first If they don’t love it, they won’t play it and excel at it!
Resource utilization
–
In the average youth practice players are active for 12 to 16 minutes in an hour practice slot
–
We want to double this to approximately 30 minutes
-
Development is cumulative!
–
Reduce costs at Mites
-
Practices
-
Games
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(6/8 & Under)
Cross-Ice Games for all 8U and 6U Mites
–
Increase puck time and play time
–
Skating skills repetition - stop, start and change directions far more often
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Increase the competition - number of puck battles goes up
–
Reduce the time and space, increase the decision making
(hockey sense)
–
Playing surface fits the size of our players
Players that succeed at the higher levels are the ones who can play in traffic, this playing format increases the traffic
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A pro-size ball measures 28 inches, while a youth-size ball measures 24 inches.
Field size for U-8 runs between (20yds
TO 25yds) & (30yds TO 40yds) while the pro-size International field is between
(70yds TO 80yds) & (110yds TO 120yds) that’s as much as 2 feet court.
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(6/8 & Under)
Station Practices
– 1 station of ABC’s – Agility, balance, coordination & speed
–
1 station of puck control
–
1 station of passing or shooting
–
1 station of hockey play, 1v1, 2v2, 3v3
–
2 stations with a skating emphasis
Of the 6 stations 23 are always done in a ‘games/play’ format
“Play is the key to unlock extended effort at repetition”
At U6 an even greater emphasis must be placed ‘play’
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8U Mites – Ice Utilization
8U Mites, 6 Stations, 40 – 60 players
Split ice to fit the specific skills, game situational activities or games.
1
1 2 1 2 1
2
2
6
3
3
3
4
3
5 4 5 4
5
6
4
6
5
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The Optimal Window of
Trainability for 8U Mites is for speed and flexibility
On-ice focus for Mites is on Fundamental
Movement Skills and
ABC’s
Off-ice focus is on coordination , balance, flexibility and speed
Speed training can also be included on the ice in the form of races and tagging games
Mites
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‘FUNdamentals’ Stage
Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS)
A, B, C’s – Agility, Balance & Coordination
Flexibility
Optimal window is ‘Speed 1’ and Flexibility
Speed 1 - agility, quickness, change of direction, <5 second intervals
Off-ice training
1x per week @ 30+ min, prior or post practice (A, B, C’s + Speed + Flexibility)
Play multiple sports – 25% hockey/ 75% other sports
Running, gymnastics, swimming, skiing, soccer
Group players by skills
Large disparity at this age due to amounts time involved in hockey
Groups can all be on the ice together, open movement between groups
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40 – 60 players each practice session
2-3 Ice sessions per week
50 – 60 min ice sessions
5 month’s = 20 - 24 weeks per season
50 to 60 ice sessions for the season
Approx 40 practices and 20 game days
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