Perekonomian MIST dan Dampaknya
Terhadap Perkembangan Ekonomi
Syariah di Indonesia
Oleh :
Dr. Telisa Aulia Falianty
Dosen FEUI dan Macroeconomist EC-Think
Indonesia
Outline
 Istilah MIST
 Mengapa MIST penting
 Perkembangan dan Profil MIST
 Tantangan yang dihadapi MIST
 Dampak MIST untuk perekonomian Indonesia
 Keadaan Perekonomian Masa Kini serta Proyeksi di Masa
yang Akan Datang
 Strategi Perekonomian Nasional Ke Depan
1.Istilah MIST
 Istilah MIST dipopulerkan oleh ekonom Goldman Sachs yaitu
Jim O’Neill sekitar tahun 2011
 Jim O’Neill adalah ekonom Goldman Sachs yang juga
mempopulerkan istilah BRIC pada tahun 2001
 MIST menjadi alternatif investasi selain BRIC yang menjadi
incaran bagi para investor
 MIST terdiri dari Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, dan Turki
1.Istilah MIST
Indonesia Economic Observation 2011-2012,
Kemenko dan Bank Indonesia
2.Mengapa MIST penting
 Akronim-akronim seperti BRIC. MIST, N11, EAGLE banyak
digunakan oleh para investor asing dan lembaga-lembaga
internasional untuk memberikan pengelompokan negara
tujuan investasi di dunia agar lebih mudah diingat dan
populer
 Dalam kasus BRIC, label BRIC ternyata berdampak
signifikan. Penamaan yang tadinya hanya sebutah theoretical
construct ternyata telah meningkatkan pentingnya BRIC
sebagai pemain global
3.PERKEMBANGAN DAN PROFIL MIST
MEXICO, INDONESIA, SOUTH KOREA, TURKEY
BRICS and MIST
Profil Perekonomian Turki
 Memanfaatkan lokasinya yang mencakup Timur Tengah
dan Eropa, Turki telah menjadi kunci titik transit untuk
minyak dan gas dan menawarkan akses yang luar biasa ke
pasar di Eropa, Caucausus,Asia Tengah, dan Timur
Tengah. Turki telah mengalami pertumbuhan
berkelanjutan yang substansial sejak mengubah ekonomi
sekitar tahun 2001.
 Hari ini, Turki adalah ekonomi terbesar ke-17 dunia, dan
anggota Kelompok G20
Profil Perekonomian Turki
 Turki memiliki signifikansi Turki sebagai hub untuk
transportasi minyak dan gas dapat disebabkan oleh saling
memperkuat faktor lokasi dan desain.
 Turki merupakan jembatan Eropa dan beberapa terbesar
pemasok energi di dunia. Turki Bosphorus Strait,
menghubungkan Laut Hitam dan Laut Mediterania,
adalah lokasi kunci di mana ekspor perjalanan dan
merupakan salah satu alasan untuk Turki penting sebagai
pusat transit energi.
Profil Perekonomian Turki
 Turkey’s position as one of the world’s next big emerging economies has become
unassailable in the past fifteen years. Unlike the aging populations that
characterize other economic powers in the region,Turkey enjoys a demographic
distribution that is extremely favorable to growth, and it will soon be benefitting
from the ‘demographic dividend’ of a young population in much of the same way
that countries like China and Brazil are at present. And Turkey’s population is not
just young; at around 79 million it represents a sizable domestic market in itself.
Another critical difference between Turkey and other regional powers is its
relatively small debt-to-GDP ratio, currently hovering at around 40 percent. All
of these factors combined to generate a record $22 billion in foreign direct
investment (FDI) in the lead up to the 2008 global financial crisis.This
impressive level of FDI was no anomaly:Turkey has the metrics of an economic
power in waiting.
 (Fillingham, 2012;in Geopolitical Monitor)
Profil Perekonomian Mexico
 GDP 1.231 Triliun dolar (2012)
 Pertumbuhan ekonomi : 5-6% (2010)
 GDP per kapita : $15,782 (2012)
 Inflasi : 3.6%
 GDP sektoral : Agriculture (3.9%), Industri (32.6%), Jasa
(63.55%)
 Gini Coefficient : 51.7
Profil Perekonomian Mexico
 Angkatan kerja : 78.2 juta (2012)
 Tingkat pengangguran : 6.2%
 Ranking Ease of Doing Business : 48
 Main exports partners : US, Canada, Rusia
 Main imports partners : US, China, South Korea
 Public debt : 36.9% dari GDP
 Credit rating : Fitch (Stable BBB)
Profil Perekonomian Mexico
 Mexico has a strong demographic foundation for future
economic growth; something it shares with many of the
other MIST countries. With a population of over 112 million,
Mexico has a sizable pool of labor to draw on, and critically,
this labor pool is overwhelmingly young. Currently, there
are nine children for every elderly person in Mexico. And
unlike most of the developed world, Mexico’s population is
still growing. It reported a population growth rate of over
one percent last year.
Profil Perekonomian Mexico
 Mexico is also uniquely placed to pick up the slack in global
manufacturing as wages in China rise and reduce its competitiveness
in the field of low value-added production.The average
manufacturing wage in China surpassed that of Mexico earlier this
year, and Mexico also benefits from reduced shipping costs to the
critical US market owing to its geographic position and NATO
membership.
 These manufacturing advantages have translated into Mexico
claiming an ever-larger slice of the US overall imports pie- Mexican
imports amounted to 12% of US total imports last year, up from
10% in 2009.
 (Fillingham, 2012;in Geopolitical Monitor)
Profil Perekonomian Korea Selatan
 Population: 48,860,500
 Age Structure:
 0-14 years: 15.1%
 15-64 years: 73%
 65 years and over: 11.9%
 GDP: $1.116 trillion
 GDP Composition by Sector: Agriculture: 2.6% / Industry: 39.2% /
Services: 58.2%
 Major Exports: semiconductors, wireless telecommunications
equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals
 Transparency.Org Corruption Ranking: 43rd (globally)
Profil Perekonomian Korea Selatan
 South Korea is somewhat of an exception within the MIST countries,
but not for any lack of economic dynamism. It stands apart because it
can, in many respects, already be considered a developed economy, and
it is often classified as such by everyone from the lowly student to the
massive bureaucracy like the OECD.
 By most indications, South Korea is a developed economy: it boasts a
per-capita income of US $27,000, its economy is export-driven and
powered by high value-added manufacturing, and it has mature
political institutions that help reduce corruption.
Profil Perekonomian Korea Selatan
 South Korea’s advanced position on the economic development arc
means that its population is also substantively different than
other MIST countries. It is the smallest population in the club and
thus represents the smallest domestic market, and in terms of age
distribution it is markedly older than the other MISTs.
 It should also be noted that the rapid ‘graying’ that historically
follows a demographic dividend will be more pronounced in South
Korea. It has a population growth rate of just 0.2% (176th in the
world) and is known for having some of the strictest immigration
laws within the OECD.
(Fillingham, 2012;in Geopolitical Monitor)
4.Tantangan yang Umum Dihadapi oleh
Perekonomian MIST
 Masalah korupsi
 Masalah inflasi
 Masalah narkoba (terutama untuk Mexico)
 Masalah infrastruktur (terutama untuk Indonesia)
 Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
5.Dampak MIST terhadap
Perekonomian Indonesia
Ada beberapa alasan Indonesia dimasukkan ke dalam MIST
 Perkembangan ukuran perekonomian
 Tingginya pasar di domestik
 Resiliensi pertumbuhan ekonomi
 Pertumbuhan kelas menengah
 Struktur demografi (penduduk muda dan produktivitas
tinggi)
 Relatif stabilnya kondisi makroekonomi
5.Dampak MIST terhadap
Perekonomian Indonesia
 Sejauh mana penamaan ini berdampak ditentukan oleh
performance perekonomian Indonesia dan bagaimana
Indonesia menjawab berbagai tantangan dalam perekonomian
 Terutama iklim investasi dan infrastruktur
6.Keadaan Perekonomian Indonesia Terkini dan
Proyeksi Perekonomian Indonesia ke depannya
•Berdasarkan survei
UNCTAD
Indonesia menduduki
peringkat 9
sebagai negara tujuan FDI
•Hasil ini merupakan hasil
survey kepada eksekutif
dari Trans National
Corporation dari negara
berkembang dan negara
maju
6.Keadaan Perekonomian Indonesia Terkini dan
Proyeksi Perekonomian Indonesia ke depannya
Indonesia Economic Observation 2011-2012,
Kemenko dan Bank Indonesia
6.Keadaan Perekonomian Indonesia Terkini dan
Proyeksi Perekonomian Indonesia ke depannya
Indonesia Economic Observation 2011-2012,
Kemenko dan Bank Indonesia
7.Strategi Perekonomian Nasional ke
Depan
 MP3EI
 Pendulum Nusantara
 Penyatuan Zona Waktu
 Redenominasi Rupiah