What’s the main cause of reading disabilities? 1. 2. 3. 4. Insufficient dendrites Insufficient neurons Low levels of neurotransmitters High levels of neurotransmitters MSI Maps of Reading Brains MSI Maps of Dyslexic Brains Med School In-a-Day Normal or Dyslexic? Normal or Dyslexic? Normal or Dyslexic? Normal or Dyslexic? Normal or Dyslexic? Normal or Dyslexic? Normal or Dyslexic? Normal or Dyslexic? Reading Comprehension Disorders The Other 20% of Reading Disorders Reading Comprehension Pathways Of poor readers in the 3rd grade, how many will be poor readers in 9th grade? 1. 2. 3. 4. 25% 50% 75% 90% For older students, what is the chief sign of a reading disability? 1. 2. 3. 4. Poor knowledge of phonics rules Poor comprehension Slow reading rate Poor vocabulary For older students, how many hours of direct instruction in reading are needed? 1. 2. 3. 4. 60 80 100 120 Before & After Pictures (After 120 hours of direct and intensive researched based intervention) Before & After Pictures Before & After Pictures Before & After Pictures How much gain in reading skills can you expect after 120 hours of instruction? 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 year 1 ½ years 2 years 3 years