CANADA
GEM Canada Report
2013
(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor)
Peter Josty Executive Director, The Centre for Innovation Studies
(THECIS)
Cooper Langford, Faculty Professor, University of Calgary
Étienne St-Jean Professor, UQTR, Trois Rivières
Calgary, April 9 2014
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CANADA
What is GEM?
•World’s largest study of entrepreneurship.
•2013 was 15th year
•70 countries in 2013
•197,000 interviews with individuals
•3,800 interviews with experts
•Covers 90% of global economy.
•Unique: focus on individual, international
aspect
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In Canada
•
•
•
Re-joined GEM in 2013, absent since
2003
Study of Canada plus 7 provinces – BC,
Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba,
Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland.
There will be detailed provincial reports
issued later this year.
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Purpose of GEM
Better understand the linkages between
entrepreneurship and economic
development
Three main objectives:
• To measure differences in the level of
entrepreneurial activity between countries
• To uncover factors leading to appropriate
levels of entrepreneurship
• To suggest policies that may enhance the
national level of entrepreneurial activity.
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GEM Methodology
•Survey of the adult population – to provide
information on entrepreneurial activity.
•Survey of experts – to provide information on
the context and environment in which
entrepreneurship takes place.
•Incorporated into a report together with other
relevant information from sources such as
Statistics Canada, etc.
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CANADA
GEM’s definition of
entrepreneurship:
“Any attempt at new business or venture
creation, such as self-employment, a new
business organization, or the expansion of an
existing business, by an individual, a team of
individuals or an established business.”
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Agenda for today
•Entrepreneurial attitudes.
•Entrepreneurial activity
•Entrepreneurial aspirations
•Entrepreneurial framework conditions
•Special topics for 2013
• Entrepreneurship by immigrants
• Youth entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneurship and well being
•Provincial summary
•Recommendations
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Attitudes
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Activity
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Activity
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Distribution over sectors
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Total Entrepreneurial Activity Index
(TEA) by age
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Innovation related measures
CA
New product or
market
High or medium
technology
US
UK
G
F
IT
JP
32.4 34.2 27.9 26.0 27.6 19.0 22.4
8.7
7.5
4.9
6.1
9.6
3.6
12.3
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Gender comparisons
Canada
US
UK
Germany
France
Italy
Japan
TEA - % male adult
population
TEA - % female adult
population
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15
9
6
6
5
5
10
10
6
4
3
2
3
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Education
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Income
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High Growth entrepreneurship
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Aspirations
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Framework for
entrepreneurship - Finance
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Climate for entrepreneurship –
Gov’t programs and policies
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Overall rating of framework themes
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Special topic:
Entrepreneurship by immigrants
Immigrants
First
Second
generation generation
immigrant immigrant
TEA
13.1
14.3
11.7
Youth
18-34
5.0
5.4
4.5
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Special Topic: Youth entrepreneurship –
youth preparation for entrepreneurship
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Special topic: Wellbeing
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Life satisfaction and work balance
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Provincial summary (TEA)
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Other provincial comparisons
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Recommendations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Focus Government policies on innovative firms with
growth potential.
Use Government procurement to develop young
innovative firms.
Reduce red tape to facilitate innovative young firms.
Expand education to foster entrepreneurial attitude in K12 and post secondary
Build a uniquely Canadian innovation strategy.
Better understand the relationship between innovation
and entrepreneurship.
Improve the climate for female entrepreneurs
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GEM Canada Team
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Thank you to the report funders
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Thankyou.
Peter Josty
p.josty@thecis.ca
Cooper Langford
chlangfo@ucalgary.ca
Étienne St-Jean
etienne.st-jean@uqtr.ca
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