Brave New World Aldous Huxley Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 •Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog” Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 •Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog” •Brother of Julian Huxley, biologist Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 •Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog” •Brother of Julian Huxley, biologist •Eye disease- nearly blind from 17-20 Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 •Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog” •Brother of Julian Huxley, biologist •Eye disease- nearly blind from 17-20 •Taught French at Eton- Eric Blair (G. Orwell) was student Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 •Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog” •Brother of Julian Huxley, biologist •Eye disease- nearly blind from 17-20 •Taught French at Eton- Eric Blair (G. Orwell) was student •Moved to Hollywood in 1937, wrote for films Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 •Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog” •Brother of Julian Huxley, biologist •Eye disease- nearly blind from 17-20 •Taught French at Eton- Eric Blair (G. Orwell) was student •Moved to Hollywood in 1937, wrote for films •Always a spiritual seeker, became interested in psychedelic drugs in 1950s Brave New World Aldous Huxley 1894-1963 •Grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog” •Brother of Julian Huxley, biologist •Eye disease- nearly blind from 17-20 •Taught French at Eton- Eric Blair (G. Orwell) was student •Moved to Hollywood in 1937, wrote for films •Always a spiritual seeker, became interested in psychedelic drugs in 1950s •Died same day as JFK and C.S. Lewis Brave New World Brave New World Background Brave New World Brave New World Background Henry Ford •The deity of the World State, honored for his development of the assembly line •Book takes place in AF (After Ford) 632, or 2540 AD •Years are figured from 1908, introduction of the Model T •Holy symbol is a T Brave New World Brave New World Background Ivan Pavlov •Conditioned dogs to salivate when a bell was rung •Pavlov’s techniques are used on babies in BNW Brave New World Brave New World Background Sigmund Freud •"Our Freud" is sometimes said in place of "Our Ford" due to the link between Freud's psychoanalysis and the conditioning of humans. •Citizens of the World State believe Freud and Ford to be the same person Brave New World Brave New World Background Thomas Malthus • British demographer and economist •Best known for his highly influential views on population growth •Predicted that population would outrun food supply •In BNW, women’s contraception techniques are named after Malthus Brave New World Brave New World Background William Shakespeare •Title of the book comes from Miranda’s speech in The Tempest "O wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beautious mankind is! O brave new world That has such people in't!" • Other plays mentioned are Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear, Measure for Measure, Othello Brave New World Brave New World Background H.G. Wells •British science fiction writer (The War of the Worlds, The Time Machine) •BNW is a satire of his book Men Like Gods, a highly optimistic vision of the future •A “Dr. Wells” appears in BNW Brave New World Character Names Brave New World Character Names •Bernard Marx •George Bernard Shaw, playwright • Karl Marx, a German Philosopher famous for The Communist Manifesto Brave New World Character Names •Lenina Crowne •Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader during the Russian Revolution Brave New World Character Names •Polly Trotsky •Leon Trotsky, deputy under Lenin during the Russian Revolution Brave New World Character Names •Benito Hoover • Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy • Herbert Hoover, President of the USA at the time the book was written Brave New World Character Names •Darwin Bonaparte • Napoleon Bonaparte, the leader of the First French Empire • Charles Darwin, author of Origin of Species Brave New World Character Names •Herbert Bakunin • Mikhail Bakunin, a Russian philosopher and anarchist Brave New World Character Names •Mustapha Mond •Mustapha Kemal Ataturk, founder of the Turkish Republic after WWI • Alfred Mond, British businessman and politician, founder of ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) • World Controller (mond is French for world) Brave New World Character Names •Primo Mellon •Miguel Primo de Rivera, prime minister and dictator of Spain from 1923 until 1930 •Andrew W. Mellon, banker Brave New World Character Names •Sarojini Engels •Friedrich Engels, co-author of The Communist Manifesto along with Karl Marx Brave New World Character Names •Helmholtz Watson •Hermann von Helmholtz, German physicist and philosopher, studied physics of perception Brave New World Cultural References Brave New World Cultural References Jazz and Chewing Gum •Stereotypically American at the time •Emblems of a consumer culture Brave New World Cultural References Flivver •Slang term for a cheap, mass-produced car Brave New World Cultural References Pneumatic •Used to refer to a particularly enthusiastic female sex partner Brave New World Structure 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon