IPDE PROCESS
Question that could be on your test!
• What is the Smith System?
• An organized system to develop good
seeing habits.
• What is Commentary driving?
• Thinking out loud!
• What is an orderly visual search pattern?
• A process of searching critical areas in a
regular sequence.
The Smith System
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Aim High in steering!
Get the Big Picture
Keep Your Eyes Moving
Leave Yourself an Out
Make sure they see you
Before you start
The Driving Risk
• Driving can be the most dangerous thing
you will do.
• What are some risks coming from the
driver?
Risk Factors of Vehicle
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Bald Tires
Poor brakes
Dirty windows
Worn wiper blades
Broken headlights
Risk Factors of Roadway and
Environment
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Bright sun
Construction
Dark shadows
Rain
Snow and ice
Sharp curve
Steep hill
Look where you want to go
The IPDE Process will help you
lower the Risk of Driving
• Good seeing habits and your ability to
manage space are the basic tools for low
risk driving.
• The IPDE Process is an organized
system of seeing, thinking and
responding.
• The four steps of the IPDE Process are:
Identify Predict Decide and Execute
Identify
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What are you trying to identify?
Open and closed zones
Specific clues
Other roadway users
Roadway features and conditions
Traffic controls
What can you Identify?
I have cars & trucks
all around me. I must
keep a space
cushion and identify
hazards!
Predict
• Use knowledge, judgment and experience
to predict:
• The actions of others
• Speed
• Direction
• Control
• Points of conflict
What do you Identify and Predict?
Four way stop, stop line, School zone-20 MPH, other vehiclesSchool Bus, Crossing guard
What do you Identify and Predict?
Decide
• Once you have Identified a situation and
Predict a possible conflict, you then
Decide upon an action.
• Deciding is a very important mental task.
• You must continually Identify and Predict
until you have enough information to make
correct decisions.
Execute
• Carrying out your decision to avoid a
conflict is the Execute step in the IPDE
process.
• This is the physical step of IPDE.
• The important actions you can execute
are: control speed, steer, and
communicate.
• Other actions include: using the heater,
defroster, and wipers.
Control Speed
• You may speed up to avoid a hazard.
• You may slow down or stop to avoid a
hazard. Check your rear zone when
braking.
• Don’t lock up your brakes!! Can not steer!
• Sometimes you keep the same speed.
The best position for normal
conditions.
When would you drive
in position 2?
When would you ride in
lane position 3?
Traffic Flow
• Minimize a Hazard - Moving away from a
parked car or bike rider.
• Separate Hazards - More than one
hazard, adjust your speed to deal with one
hazard at a time.
• Compromise space - You cannot
minimize or separate, decide to move
away from the greater hazard toward the
lesser hazard.
Minimize a Hazard
Separate The Hazards
Compromise Space
• Move away from the greater hazard (truck)
toward a lesser hazard