WIND ENERGY
Siraj AhmedPhD
Associate Professor
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
SOURCES OF WIND



Wind is air in motion.
Is the result of the conversion of the
potential energy of the atmosphere
into kinetic energy due to pressure
differential.
Most prominent feature of climatology
in INDIA is the monsoon circulation.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Uneven heating of earth’s surface and rotation
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Kinetic energy in the wind
is about 0.7x1021 J.
WIND ENERGY LAB, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, MANIT BHOPAL


The fuel is wind when the power is
generated by wind
1% of land area is needed for
installation of Wind Turbine
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Wind Power
PT = CP 1/2 AV V2
PT
CP

A
V
wind power
power coefficient or efficiency
air density
swept area of wind turbine
wind speed
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
ENERGY EXTRACTION
CpMax =
16/27
approximately 59%
Betz Criterion
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Turbine Evolution
Used for
• Pumping water
• Grinding grain
Mainly used for
• Generating
Electricity
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
State-wise Wind Power Installed Capacity
Gross Potential (MW)
Total Capacity (MW) till
31.03.2010
Andhra Pradesh
8968
136
Gujarat
10,645
1864
Karnataka
11,531
1473
Kerala
1171
28
Madhya Pradesh
1019
229
Maharashtra
4584
2078
Orissa
255
-
Rajasthan
4858
1088
Tamil Nadu
5530
4907
State
Others
Total
(All India)
4
48,561
11807
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
OFF-SHORE INSTALLATION

Installation in shallow water few kilometers
from the seashore.

The key feature for off-shore is high reliability
of wind.

In innovative move, turbines are placed on
floating platforms and anchored to the sea
bottom.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
WIND POWER PENETRATION

Up to 10% is the short term goal for many countries.

Germany in particular, several power utilities are
expecting future wind contribution as high as 30%.

Uncertainty of wind constitutes a challenge to
achieve a much higher degree of grid penetration.

Work is on for wind models for predicting the power
for next 24 to 48 hours
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
CRITERION
 Criterion
for identification of a
potential site
 Sites
having wind power density
greater than 200 W/m2 at 50 m
height
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Environmental Impact
Noise








Mechanical Noise - gear box, generator
Aerodynamic Noise - Swishing sound
Wind farm at 350 m away
noise level - dB(A) 35-45
Electromagnetic interference
Visual impact
Shadow flicker
Ecology, Loss of Bird Life
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
ECONOMICS






Annual Energy Production
Capital Cost
Annual capital charge rate
Pay back period
Operation & maintenance cost, insurance, land
leasing, etc.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION DEPENDS



Speed power curve of wind turbine
Wind speed frequency distribution of site
Availability of wind turbine
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
What is needed?

Allow wind turbine projects on agricultural
land where cultivation is not affected.

Further off-shore wind power needs to be
assessed and explored.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
1
National Plan
A nationwide wind monitoring campaign is to be
started at the earliest to have clear picture of wind
resource potential of India.
Other alternative is to seek advanced methods of
assessment by International Agencies for drawing
wind atlas of the country
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
WMS of 50 metre height and above in
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Himalayan region
J&K
Himachal Pradesh
Laddak
Thar Desert and
Aravalis in particular &
other inland areas in general
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Off-Shore
•Higher in Indian context and needs to be quantified
with advanced techniques at
•Bay of Bengal
•Arabian sea
•around Andamans and Nicobar Ilands, and
•Lakshadeep etc. for wind atlas of the off-shore areas
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
2
Off-Shore
It needs to be quantified the wind energy potential
with advanced techniques at several place
around the shore line
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
3
National Policy
Efforts at national level for indigenous
development of commercial wind
turbines is to be initiated.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
4
Massive Efforts
Training the man power for inland and offshore wind farms, use of latest softwares
and efforts for developing Indian version of
wind analysis, simulation and modelling
software and wind farm design software.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
5
Education
M.Tech. level course on Wind Energy can
be started in few Institutes
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
6
Re-Powering
Replacing older, less efficient wind turbines with a
smaller number of more powerful recent models
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
7
Targets for Renewable Energy
To develop the necessary regulatory frameworks
to expand renewables, including financial
frameworks, grid access regulation, planning and
administrative procedures.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
8
Specific Policy Mechanism
The market for generated power needs to be
clearly defined in national laws, including stable
long term fiscal measures that minimize investor’s
risk and ensure an adequate returns on
investment.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Need of the Hour
9
Electricity Market Reforms
Removal of barriers to market entry, removing
subsidies to fossil fuels and nuclear and
the social and environmental costs of
polluting energy
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Current Research Areas
• Integration of WECS with large buildings
• Wind power forecasting model, short and long term
• Penetration limits in grid
• System integration of WE
• Lightning protection of blade and tower structure
• Testing and reliability of composite materials for
blade in different environmental conditions
• Numerical & observed wind atlas – modeling,
verification & application
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
….Current Research Areas
• Stand alone and non-grid WECS
• Wind – Solar conversion systems for different applications
• VAWT – aerodynamic studies of various configurations
• Offshore – foundation, cable & peculiar issues of marine
operation
• Human resource development & assessment in fast
emerging wind energy sector
•
Wind farm design and flow modelling
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL
Conclusion
Wind power is emerging as an environment
friendly alternative to meet the ever
increasing world demand for electricity, at an
affordable price.
WIND ENERGY
DEPARTMENT
LAB, DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING,
ENGINEERING,
M.A.N.I.T. Bhopal,
MANIT
INDIA
BHOPAL