Table of Contents
Unit Three
Personal Finance
1
学林出版社
 Financial Matters 理财问题
Focus
S: A questionnaire about money matters at
college
L: I’m broke
L: No risk, no gain
S: Enquiring about loans
R: How the stock market works
W: Writing a spending survey report
2
学林出版社
1. Starter--A questionnaire about money matters at college
Notes
1. personal finance 个人理财
☆finance n. 财务管理，财政；金融；资金
e.g. My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.
Unless we can get more finance, we’ll have to close the hotel.
finance当动词用时意思是“供给，负担经费”。
e.g. His parents financed his college education.
The government will finance the building of the new roads
with the taxes it collects.
finance的形容词形式为financial，意思是“财政的，金融的”，
如：financial affairs 财务问题；
a grave financial crisis 严重的金融危机。
学林出版社
3
2. ☆loan n. 贷款；出借
e.g.They found it impossible to get a bank loan.
We wish to take a loan of your car for an afternoon.
loan当动词用时，意思是“借出，贷与”。
e.g.These works of art are too precious to be loaned out for
exhibition.
4
学林出版社
3. Do you think a part-time job would affect your studies?
你认为做兼职会影响你的学习吗？
*affect vt. 影响，对……起作用
e.g. This area was affected by the flood.
Recently, the financial crisis in the U.S.A has affected
the job market to a large extent.
5
学林出版社
4. Can you make ends meet every month?
你能每个月做到收支平衡吗？
make ends meet 达到收支平衡
e.g.He found it hard to make ends meet on his low income.
Mary has spent so much money on new clothes that she
finds it hard to make ends meet again this month.
6
学林出版社
2. I’m broke
Notes
1. Jenny, could you lend me a few dollars? 珍妮，能不能借我点钱？
lend的意思是“借出”，其反义词是borrow，意思是“借入”。
e.g. I borrowed a book from him.= He lent a book to me.
2. I’m a little broke. 我快没钱花了。
△broke a. 没钱，囊中羞涩；破产的
e.g. Jim had to take the job as a waiter in a small restaurant because
he was broke.
The paper was going broke and would cease publication.
学林出版社
7
3. I’m short of money myself… 我自己也缺钱……
be short of 缺少
e.g. The family is badly short of money due to the child’s disease.
We’re short of time. Let’s hurry up.
4. …but I buy a lot of things and pay by credit card.
但我最近用信用卡买了很多东西。
☆credit n. 信用贷款；赊购
e.g. If you are very rich, you can probably get unlimited credit.
In stores where once he had been able to obtain credit he was
forced to pay cash.
学林出版社
8
5. Yes, so do I. 是的，我就是这样。
so do I的意思是“我也是”或“我也这么认为”。so放在句
首有
替代功能，一般后面的句子要用部分倒装句型。
e.g. Jim thinks Yao Ming is a world-famous basketball player.
So do I.
9
学林出版社
2. I’m broke
6. But people spend too much with their credit cards and go over
their budget. 人们过度使用信用卡，消费超过了预算。
go over 超过
e.g. Your spending should not go over your income.
Tom went over John and became his boss.
☆budget n. 预算
e.g. It is important to balance one’s budget.
We simply can’t stretch the budget enough to buy a car.
10
学林出版社
3. No risk, no gain
Notes
1. Jessica has decided to invest all her money in stocks.
杰茜卡决定把钱全部投到股票上。
*invest v. 投资，投入
e.g. I’ve invested a lot of time and effort in this plan.
She invested in a painting by a famous young artist.
invest的名词形式为investment，
如：a big investment in land 。
11
学林出版社
2. So, any luck finding a new job? 是吗？运气如何？找到新工作了
吗？
这是一个省略句，any luck在口语中很常见，可单独使用，也可
接介词如with和in，或直接接动词。
e.g. Any luck with your hunting?
Any luck in your dating?
3.
None. 没找到。
none表示“一点也没有”，此处指没啥运气，也就是说没有找
到
新工作。
e.g. — How many birds are there in the tree？
学林出版社
12
4. You’ll be up to your ears in debt if you keep spending like this.
如果你还这样花钱的话，你会债台高筑的。
up to one’s ears in debt 债台高筑
e.g. You’ll soon be up to your ears in debt if you don’t stop gambling.
*debt n. 债务，欠债
e.g. He is in debt for his house and his car.
He spent more and more money, getting deeper and deeper into
debt.
5. I’ve decided to buy stocks. 我决定去买股票。
*stock n. 股票
e.g. Father owns some stocks in that railroad.
13
Stocks are generally lower in value because of the financial crisis.
学林出版社
6.
Yeah, but no risk, no gain! 是的，但是没有风险，何来回报！
no risk, no gain的字面意思是“没有风险就没有收获”，在特定
语境下可以引申为“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”。
e.g. I spent all my pocket money buying lottery tickets. No risk,
no gain!
7.
I’ll bet all my savings on them! 我要把所有的积蓄都押在上面！
bet…on… 把……赌押在……
e.g. I’ll bet my life on his success.
He bet all my savings on stocks!
14
学林出版社
8. As the old saying goes… 俗话说得好……
as the old saying goes正如老话所说，古语有云
e.g. As the old saying goes, a friend in need is a friend
indeed.
15
学林出版社
4. Enquiring about loans
Notes
1. When do I start paying back the loan?
我从什么时候开始偿还贷款？
pay back 偿还（借款等）
e.g. Lend me $100, will you? I’ll pay it back at the end of the
month.
I must remember to pay you back for the concert ticket.
16
学林出版社
2. Start by filling out our form online, and it can be approved in a
few days. 先网上填表，几天之后便会得到批准。
fill out 填写
e.g. The policeman filled out a report of the accident.
*approve v. 批准，认可
e.g. The firm’s directors quickly approved the new deal.
The government sector initially approved the proposal in 1974.
approve还可表示“赞成，赞许”，常与of 搭配使用。
e.g.
I do not quite approve of his moral character.
Everybody approves of the plans for a new school building.
approve的名词形式为approval，如：gain/obtain/win the approval
of 得到……的赞同。
学林出版社
17
5. How the Stock Market Works
If asked “What’s one of the
fastest ways to lose money?”
your answer might be: “Invest
in the stock market and follow
the
investment
company’s
advice.” There may be some
truth
to
this
answer.
The
following story tells you how
the stock market works.
Translation
股票市场是如何运作的
some
truth to n.
sth.
在某方面
如果有人问“最快的亏钱方式
☆investment
投资
有点道理
之一是什么？”您可能会这样
e.g.
The firm has made a
e.g.
I investment
decided to take
his
huge
in
new
回答：“投资股票市场，采纳
If asked…是省略形式，完整
advice
because I found some
equipment.
投资公司的建议”。这个回答
形 式 应 该 是 If you were
truth to it.
His investments amount to
asked…
也许有点道理。下面的故事将
You
are of
talking
nonsense. I
millions
dollars.
告诉您股票市场究竟是如何运
can’t find any truth to your
作的。
words.
Back
Next
18
学林出版社
Years ago in a village, a
man
turned
up
and
announced to the villagers
that
he
would
purchase
monkeys for 10 dollars each.
The villagers went out to
the
forest
and
began
catching monkeys.
Translation
﹡purchase vt. 买，购买
﹡announce v. 宣布
e.g.
He purchased a ticket
e.g. 几年前，某个村庄里来
It has been announced
and was about to get on the
that
will sail for England.
turnheup出现
了一名男子，他向村民宣布
years ago 几年前
train.
I说他要以每只10美元的价格
hope toWeannounce
e.g.
arrangedtheto winner
meet
e.g. week
Years
ago, I awas
a
Last
I purchased
lot of
shortly.
at the cinema at 7:30, but he
购买猴子。
student
theneed.
Shanghai
things that Iatdidn’t
failed to turn up.
announce
名 词 形 式 为
Institute of的Tourism.
purchase还可用作名词，表示
announcement
，如
issue
He 村民们便走出村子到森
didn’t turn
up: at
the /
“购买物；购买行为”，如
make
an announcement
发表公
meeting
yesterday.
林里捕捉猴子。
： make seasonal purchases 购
告；formal announcement 正
买时令商品；cash purchase 现
式通知。
金采购。
Back
Next
19
学林出版社
The
man
bought
thousands at 10 dollars and
as
supply
decrease,
stopped
the
their
started
to
villagers
effort.
The
man further announced that
he would now buy at 20
dollars.
The
villagers
renewed their efforts and
started catching monkeys
again.
Translation
*supply n. 供应，供给；提供
*effort n.该男子以10美元的单价
努力
e.g.
Drinking water is in short
*decrease
v. 减少，下降
该词表示一般性的努力（即表泛
supply
in
this
area.
购买了几千只猴子后，猴子
as表示原因。
指意义）时，通常用作不可数名
e.g.
We can see
thatwas
his interest
The
electricity
supply
cut off
的数量减少了，村民们也因
*renew
v. As it is raining, the
e.g.
further在本句中是个副词，表示程
词。如用作可数名词则强调一次
in
thisof the
subject
because
flood. is gradually
此停止了捕捉。这名男子又
sports meeting is cancelled.
（使）恢复，（使）复原
度“更进一步地”。
一次具体的努力。
decreasing.
supply还可以作动词使用，意思是
宣布说，现在以每只20美元
e.g.
Do
want
tothethe
renew
the
Let’s
consider
“提供，供应”，常用于supply
sb.
e.g. should
Withyou
great
efforts,
the
frog
We
decrease
usepoint
of
的价格购买猴子。村民们又
contract
we
two
years
ago?
further.
with
sth.或supply
to
sb.的结构
jumped
outsigned
of thesth.
well.
（指一次
water.
。
燃起了热情，开始去抓猴子
The
traffic
accident prompted her to
一次具体的努力）
decrease
的反义词是increase，意
e.g. 了。
Cows
supply us with milk.
renew
her
insurance.
His success depends upon his effort
思是“增加”。
The dairy company supplies milk in
and ability. （泛指努力）
bottles to each house every morning.
Back
Next
20
学林出版社
5. How the Stock Market
注意as, because和since的区别：
Works
as，because，since都可以用于原因状语从句，表示因果关系，
含义是“因为，由于”，但它们的用法有区别。as一般放在句首
，语气较弱，比较口语化；since常常用在书面语中，语气比
because弱，表示的原因是对方已知的，或是稍加分析便可得知
的原因，在句中是附带信息，因此引导的从句不是句子的焦点
，不能回答why的提问，也不能用在强调句型中作为被强调的内
容，有时可译作“既然”；because表示的语气最强，用来说明
人所不知的原因，可用来回答why的提问。
e.g. As you’re an adult, you should be responsible for your own
decisions.
Since we are young, we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes.
You can trust these products because the quality never changes.
21
学林出版社
Back
Next
Soon there were few
monkeys and people started
going back to their farms.
The offer price increased to
25 dollars and the supply of
monkeys became so small
that it was an effort to even
see a monkey, let alone
很快，猴子的数量变
so…that…
offer price卖价；卖方报价
得非常稀少，村人们便开始
let
alone 更不用说
如此……以至于……
与 price 相 关 的 短 语 还 有 ：
恢复以往的劳作。这时，求
e.g.
We can’t afford a
该词组当中使用形容词或副
market price市场价格，市价；
购猴子的单价上升到了每只
bicycle,
let alone
car.发 价 ；
词，引导结果状语从句。
wholesale
price a批
25美元，猴子的数量变得更
此外，let
alone表示“别
price
index
物
价 was
指 数so；
e.g.
The sb.
speech
理，别管，别烦扰，别干涉
factory
厂 价 ；
少了，要见到一只猴子都很
dull
that Iprice
almost 出
fell asleep.
某人”。
price
level so
物价水平。
It难，更不用说捉到猴子了！
rained
heavily that we
e.g. to stay
Let at
mehome.
alone!
had
catch it!
Translation
Back
Next
22
学林出版社
The
man
now
announced that he would
buy
monkeys
at
50
dollars! However, since he
had to go to the city on
business,
his
would
now
assistant
buy
此时，该男子宣称他
将以50
的 单价
求购
on
one’s美元
behalf
代表……
；为了……的利益
猴子
！ 但由 于 他本 人要
since为连词，意思是“
e.g.
The
President
can’t
因为，由于”。
去城
里
处理
一 些事 情，
be here today, so I’m going
所以 他 的助 手 将代 他进
to speak on his behalf.
行买卖。
on his behalf.
Translation
Back
Next
23
学林出版社
When the man was away,
the
assistant
told
the
villagers, “Look at all these
monkeys in the big cage that
the man has collected. I will
sell them to you for 35 dollars
each and when the man
returns from the city, you can
sell them to him for 50 dollars
男子不在村里了，助
手就跟村民说：“瞧瞧这
些大笼子里他收集到的猴
子。我现在愿意以每只35
美元的价格卖给你们。等
他从城里回来，你们可以
再以每只50美元的好价卖
给他。”
each.”
Translation
Back
Next
24
学林出版社
The villagers spent all
their savings buying all the
monkeys.
村民们个个倾其所有，买
下了所有的猴子。
但他们却再也没见着这名
Then they never saw the 男子，也没见着他的助手，放
man nor his assistant again, 眼所见只有猴子！
only monkeys everywhere!
Translation
Back
Next
25
学林出版社
 Successful Finance 成功理财
Focus
S: Proverbs on money matters
 L: He is really something
 L: A good budget will work
S: How to spend lifetime income
R: Nature of spending
W: Expressing opinions on spending
 R: Not for naught
学林出版社
26
2. He is really something
Notes
1.
Make a sound budget… 制定合理的预算
此处sound的意思是“合理的，正确的”，如：give a sound
explanation 作出合理的解释。
e.g.
I believe that it’s sound for boys and girls to have
basically the same education.
2.
He always seems to have money to burn.
他看上去总是有花不完的钱。
have sth. to do表示有某事可做，其中to do是不定式作名词后
置定语。
27
e.g. I have some books to read.
学林出版社
3.
But he deserves it. 但是这是他应得的。
☆deserve v. 值得，应得；应受
e.g.
He has been so awful that he really deserves whatever he
gets.
If you do wrong, you deserve to be punished.
deserve well from sb. 应该受到某人好的待遇
e.g. She deserves well from her employer.
4.
He’s really something! 他真是个了不起的人物！
此处something指“出色的或重要的人或物”。
e.g. There’s something in what you said.
28
Theory is something, but practice is everything.
学林出版社
3. A good budget will work
Notes
1. A good budget will work! 一项好的预算很有用！
此处work的意思是“起作用，有效果”。
e.g. The medicine worked soon.
work同样可作及物动词，表示“产生……效果”。
e.g. We can see that the plan worked badly.
29
学林出版社
2.
How do you manage to make ends meet, man? 你是如何做
到收支平衡的，朋友？
*manage v. 设法做到，设法维持
e.g.
In spite of these insults, she managed not to get angry.
Believe me, we can manage without you!
manage还可表示“管理，经营”等含义。
e.g.
Still an active woman, she was managing the household
ably.
I don’t think it’s her shop. I think she just manages it.
man此处为一种称呼，比较亲密。
另外还可用buddy，mate，chap，guys（人数为复数）等。30
学林出版社
3.
Uh, I pay a monthly rent of $900, including gas, water, electricity
and TV. 呃，我每月房租900美元，包括煤气、水、电和电视
费。
*gas n. 煤气，天然气；气体；汽油
e.g. I smell gas; there must be a leak.
Is there a gas station nearby?
gas表示“汽油”是美式英语用法，即gasoline的缩略语。英式
英语中汽油是petrol。
与gas搭配的短语：gas burner 煤气炉；gas explosion 瓦斯爆
炸；gas mask防毒面罩；gas mixture气体混合物；step on the
gas 踩油门，加油
学林出版社
31
4. I often dine out, so those expenses add up. 我经常外出就餐，
那些费用是合理的。
*dine vi. 吃饭，进餐
e.g. When do you dine?
dine out 表示“下馆子，外出吃饭”，其反义词组为dine in（在
家吃饭）。
注意：diner表示“食客，吃饭的人”，而dinner的意思是“正餐”。
add up 是合理的；是对的
e.g. His words about the theft simply did not add up.
These figures don’t add up right. Do it again.
add up还可表示“把……合计”。
e.g. He weighed each stone and then added up all the weights.
add up to的意思是“合计为……”。
e.g. The bills add up to exactly $100.
学林出版社
32
5.
Movie tickets and a concert or two. $600 or so.
电影票和一场或两场音乐会的票，大约600美元。
or so 大约
e.g. It was about an hour or so after he lay down.
He must be thirty or so.
33
学林出版社
5. Nature of Spending
Everyone has their own
beliefs
about
of
how
to
manage their finances. As part
of our value system, it affects
the way we look after our
money.
According to our different
values, we are put in three
groups. They are: the ant, the
somebody, someone,
everybody,
消费的本质
此处part意思是“部分”，但
everyone,
no one等不定代词均
关于如何理财，每个人都有
作为单数时常不加冠词a。用
*value
n.n.信念；信仰
价值观；价值
*nature
本质；天性
*belief
n.
为单数。根据语法规则，后面
此处finance用作可数名词，意
在 the way we look after our
自己的想法。这种想法是我们价
于表示“角色，作用”的意思
应
用 其The
他单
数young
代 词shares
（have
he, my
she,
e.g.
The
He
isjudge
very
honest
by a
思是“财源；财务”。
e.g.
money中，the
way之后的定语
值体系的一部分，它对理财方式
，且作单数时加冠词a。
his,
her）。但现在很多人认为
completely
different
values
nature.
belief
that
is innocent.
e.g.
Dohewe
have set
theoffinances
从句除了可省略关系代词之外
有很大影响。
这种用法有性别偏见之嫌，因
e.g.
Wea strong
spent
part of our
and
expectations.
holds
belief
to
support
other?
，还可用that或in
which引导。
She
couldeach
not
acceptin the
而
较
为可
取human
的 是ofthey,
them 或
holiday
inofFrance.
根据不同的价值观，可以分
The
market
value
this
property
goodness
nature.
religious
beliefs
of her
Are
sound?
e.g. the Ifirm’s
don’t finances
like
theparents.
way
(that)
their。
It plays
an important part in
has
declined.
为三类人，分别是：蚂蚁型、蟋
she
walks.
e.g.
Everybody
said they
economic
development.
蟀型和蜗牛型。
would help.
cricket and the snail.
Translation
学林出版社
Back
Next
34
The ant — work first
Just like ants, who work heart
and soul in summer in order to
store food for winter, these people
don’t care about enjoying the
moment. They work very hard and
save the money they earn to enjoy
life when they get old. The ant
loves to save, but they could make
more
out
of
their
money
if they were willing to invest in
some low-risk funds and stocks.
此处who为关系代词，修饰先
just◆蚂蚁型——工作第一
like… 正如……
行词ants，在从句中做主语，
正如实心实意干活的蚂蚁，
like在这里是介词，后接名词
in
order
to
make…
out
of…
care
about
make…
out为了
of… 从……中获
从……中获
故不能省略。who在限定性定
在夏季工作为冬季储备粮食一样
或代词，表示“像……（在
得，用……做成……
e.g.
In order to successfully
得，用……做成……
语从句中如果作宾语相当于
在意，关心；担心
此处if
they were willing to...用
，这些人不在意享受当前时光。
行为或动作上像，而实际上
use
it, Newspapers
users must understand
e.g.
make
aa
whom或that，可省略，在非
e.g.
Newspapers
make
了虚拟语气，表不（太）可能
e.g.
Don’t you care about
不是）”。
他们辛苦工作、节约用钱，为的
how
theout
software
works.
profit
of
the
advertisements
限定性定语从句中不可省略
profit
out
of
the
advertisements
发生的事情。
this country’s future?
e.g.wore
Hegloves
speaks
English
just
是能在年老退休时享受生活。“
they
carry.
。
He
in
order
not
to
they
carry.
e.g.
If
I
were
you,
I
could
eat
Ilike
really
care about what happens
an
Englishman.
蚂蚁们”喜欢存钱，但如果他们
dirty
his
hands.
She
made
aagirl
fortune
of
e.g.
The
who isout
great
ataa
She
made
fortune
out
of
ato
horse
right
now.
her.
He walkshas
just
like
his father.
business.
愿意投资一些低风险的基金和股
football
just
walked
in.
business.
票的话，回报会更多。
The couple (who) we met on
holiday sent us a card.
Translation
Back
学林出版社
Next
35
◆ The cricket — fun first
◆蟋蟀型——享乐第一
The cricket wants to enjoy
蟋蟀喜欢今朝有酒今朝醉，
everything now and doesn’t
对未来考虑不多。如果非常想要
think
the
什么东西，他们甚至还会借钱购
borrow
买。这些人几乎没什么储蓄。因
money when they really want
此，当他们年老时，可能会遇到
something. These people have
麻烦。这类人应该学会如何存钱
little savings. When they get
。
future.
too
much
They
about
even
old, they might have problems.
They should learn to save.
Translation
Back
学林出版社
Next
36
◆The snail—living under pressure
The snail refers to people who
make life difficult for themselves.
They take big long-term loans from
the bank to buy luxury things. They
are
happy
to
take
big
loans
even though they are not sure they
can afford them. This can cause
problems in the future. They should
plan more carefully.
本句中使用了“make
+名词/
△luxury
n. 奢华，豪华；奢侈
◆蜗牛型——在重压下生活
品
代词+形容词”的结构。该结
此处even
though表示“即
e.g.
We
lived
for a time in
构中make是“使变得，使成
蜗牛型指的是那些自讨苦
☆long-term
a. 长期的
使，虽然”，引导让步状语
great
luxury.
为”的意思，这个结构表示
吃的人。为了购买奢侈品，他
*pressure
n. 压力
refer
to
指……而言，指的是
从句。该短语经常可与even
该短语的反义词为short-term
We
can’t afford many luxuries.
“使（某物/人）变得（怎么
们会向银行申请大笔的长期贷
e.g.
been
if换用。
e.g. The
Whenmanager
I saidhas some
luxury的形容词形式是luxurious
。
样）”。
trying
toEven
put pressure
on
us.
款。即使不能肯定是否偿还得
，意思是“奢侈的，豪华的”
people
were
stupid,
I
wasn’t
e.g.
though
I
didn’t
e.g.
Any
long-term
plan
in
e.g.
The
news
that
he
had
。
referring
tonot
you.
He
could
come
because
起，他们还是乐意贷大笔的款
know
anybody
at the
party, of
I
your
mind?
passed Hilton
the final
examination
e.g.
Hotel
is one of the
business
pressure.
had
a
good
time.
Who
does
the
pronoun
in the
项。这种行为会给未来生活造
Here’s
to
our
long-term
made his
parents hotels
very happy.
most
luxurious
in the
third
refer
Iworld.
Iikesentence
the jobCheers!
even to?
though it’s
成问题，这类人应当更加谨慎
cooperation.
At the meeting she made her
badly
paid.
The
millionaire
地计划消费。
objections clear.leads a luxurious
life.
Translation
Back
学林出版社
Next
37
学林出版社