Felderhoff
Brothers Drilling
Hydration
Robert Spears
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Safety
Penetrates
Every
Area
Regardless the
Situation
• CPS – Felderhoff Safety
Coordinator
• PEC SafeGulf/SafeLand
Instructor
• Medic First Aid
Instructor
• 25 years as a
Paramedic/Firefighter
• 23 years as a Fire/EMS
Instructor
• Retired Fire Chief
“Water is one of the most
important nutrients in our body.
It makes up approximately 70
percent of our muscles, and
about 75 percent of our brains.”
— Medical College of Wisconsin
• Oxygen, water, salt/sodium, and potassium
are primary elements for survival of the
human body.
• Dehydration is defined as an excessive loss of
body fluid. Can occur in hot or cold
environment and sickness
• Rehydration is the replenishment of water, or
water and electrolytes, lost through
dehydration.
Lost H2O = Lost Focus
One hour of moderate-intensity exercise at a
temperature of 70o Fahrenheit results in an average
loss of 27 ounces of sweat. Even low-intensity
exercise or activity can cause significant fluid loss. At
this point, performance declines due to increased
reaction time, and decreased concentration and
judgment. Of even more concern is the fact that the
individual may be completely unaware of these
occurrences until it’s too late.
• We use water as well as expend it. In fact just
in everyday breathing we lose about two
cups of water. Other ways that we lose body
water is through sweating and urinating. If
we fail to replenish these losses, we set
ourselves up to become dehydrated.
• Thirst shuts down when we need it most.
• We can return to 95% of optimum in just a
day or two, but it can take a year to
completely re-hydrate the body.
• "In the early stages of dehydration, there are
no signs or symptoms."—rehydrate.org
• At 2% dehydration, work performance will
fall off by 10-20%."—nfpt.com
• "Plain water does not provide necessary
nutrients or electrolytes."—WebMD.com
“If a dehydrated person drinks beverages that
contain caffeine, such as teas, soda, coffee, or
some energy drinks they may feel worse.
Caffeine causes more urination, so it can undo
the benefit of drinking fluids.”
—discoveryhealth.com
• Electrolytes are important because they are
what your cells (especially nerves, heart, &
muscles) use to maintain voltages across their
cell membranes and to carry electrical
impulses
(nerve
impulses,
muscle
contractions) across themselves and to other
cells.
• Your kidneys work to keep the electrolyte
concentrations in your blood constant despite
changes in your body.
• For example, when you work in hot weather, you
lose electrolytes in your sweat, particularly
sodium and potassium.
• Workers in extreme conditions (for three or more
hours continuously) who do not consume
electrolytes risk dehydration.
• These electrolytes must be replaced to keep the
electrolyte concentrations of your body fluids
constant.
— howstuffworks.com
• Electrolytes are commonly found in fruit
juices, sports drinks, tomato soup and many
fruits and vegetables (e.g. potatoes,
avocados).
• Rehydration drinks, (such as Pedialyte, Lytren,
or Advocare Rehydrate) and other types of
sports drinks replace fluids and electrolytes.
• BE SURE TO READ THE LABEL
• Many sports drinks have sodium chloride and/or
potassium chloride added, however the ratio is
improperly balanced to manage the issue of fast
rehydration
• "Sports drinks (10-25 mmol/L sodium and 3-5
mmol/L potassium) may not address the
replacement of large electrolyte loses during and
after strenuous activity."
— Australian Inst. of Sport
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of early or mild dehydration
include:
• flushed face
•
• extreme thirst, more than
normal or unable to
•
drink
• dry, warm skin
•
• cannot pass urine or
•
reduced amounts, dark, •
yellow
•
• dizziness made worse
when you are standing
• weakness
cramping in the arms and
legs
crying with few or no
tears
sleepy or irritable
unwell
headaches
dry mouth, dry tongue;
with thick saliva.
Symptoms of moderate to severe
dehydration include:
• low blood pressure
• a bloated stomach
• fainting
• lack of elasticity of the
skin (when a bit of skin
• severe muscle
lifted up stays folded
contractions in the
and takes a long time
arms, legs, stomach,
to go back to its
and back
normal
position)
• convulsions
•
rapid
and
deep
• heart failure
breathing - faster than
• sunken dry eyes, with
normal
few or no tears
• fast, weak pulse
In severe dehydration, the patient may
develop evidence of hypovolaemic shock,
including:
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diminished consciousness
lack of urine output
cool moist extremities
a rapid and feeble pulse (the radial pulse may be
undetectable)
• low or undetectable blood pressure
• peripheral cyanosis
Death follows soon if rehydration is not started quickly!
This is a medical emergency
Treatment
and
Prevention
Treatment for Dehydration:
• Minor dehydration (Heat Stress):
– Drink water with electrolytes
• More severe dehydration (Heat Exhaustion):
– Replenishment of water with electrolytes, stop
fluid loss, rest and cool off. (STOP)
• Severe dehydration (Heat Stroke):
– Emergency attention is required
When working in
extreme conditions:
• “Avoid caffeinated beverages and alcohol,
both contain substances that will cause
dehydration.”
• “Avoid carbonated beverages because the
carbonation may cause bloating or a feeling
of
fullness
and
prevent
adequate
consumption of fluids.”
—healthlink
Ideally fluids consumption, should meet
the following criteria:
• A person performing normal activities
should drink at least 8 cups of water
daily = 64 oz = ½ gallon. Outside
activities 1 gallon +
• have a palatable flavor to encourage
greater fluid intake
• contain 6-8% carbohydrate
• contain balanced ratio of electrolytes
such as sodium and potassium
• be non-carbonated
• contain essential vitamins
1:1 ratio
Sodium to
potassium
• 1 Cup Water = 8oz of Water
• 1 Cup Gatorade = 4 part sodium and one part
potassium 4:1/ 8oz water. Side effects thick
tong.
• 1 Cup Advocare Rehydrate = 1 part sodium
and one part potassium 1:1 / 8oz water. Side
effects fluids leave the GI track and penetrate
into the cells faster then H2O can
AdvoCare® Rehydrate Electrolyte
Replacement Drink:
• is a sports drink mix that provides efficient rehydration.
• contains a sequential carbohydrate profile for sustained energy.
• has balanced 1:1 ratio of sodium and potassium to replenish these
ions that are lost in sweat and urine.
• supplies calcium and magnesium, vital to muscle physiology and
energetics, benefiting both contraction and relaxation phases for
reduced cramping and quicker recovery.
• antioxidants in the formula help protect against free radical
damage.
• L-glutamine helps buffer and process lactic acid produced through
physical activity, resulting in reduced muscle cramping, and also
serves as an energy source for mental function.
• L-arginine helps support muscle strength and recovery as well as
optimizing cardiovascular blood flow.