Weather
S4E3. Students will differentiate between the states of water and how they relate to the water
cycle and weather.
a. Demonstrate how water changes states from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (water vapor/steam) and
changes from gas to liquid to solid.
b. Identify the temperatures at which water becomes a solid and at which water becomes a gas.
c. Investigate how clouds are formed.
d. Explain the water cycle (evaporation, condensation, and precipitation).
e. Investigate different forms of precipitation and sky conditions. (rain, snow, sleet, hail, clouds, and fog).
S4E4. Students will analyze weather charts/maps and collect weather data to predict weather
events and infer patterns and seasonal changes.
a. Identify weather instruments and explain how each is used in gathering weather data and making
forecasts (thermometer, rain gauge, barometer, wind vane, anemometer).
b. Using a weather map, identify the fronts, temperature, and precipitation and use the information to
interpret the weather conditions.
c. Use observations and records of weather conditions to predict weather patterns
throughout the year.
d. Differentiate between weather and climate.
S4E3 a & b
Changing states of matter
Solids, liquids, and gas oh my! Experiment
Mr. Parr's States of Matter
Identify the temperature a liquid
becomes a gas and a solid.
What temperature does water become a
gas?
What temperature does water become a
solid?
S4E3c
Clouds
Clouds form in air that is relatively high in
humidity (the air contains a lot of water
vapor). As warm air is forced up, it cools.
Some o the water vapor begins to
condense on dust and other particles in
the air. As more and more water
condenses, a cloud forms. A cloud is
basically dust and condensed water.
Clouds close passage
Cloud Song
Experiment with
Shaving Cream Clouds.
Water covers most of Earth’s surface. This
is why many people call Earth the water
planet. Most of Earth’s water is in oceans.
That water is salty. You can’t drink it. You
can’t use it to grow plants. People need
fresh water to drink, wash, and grow
plants.
Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen. It is in
big sheets of ice called glaciers. Earth
does have some fresh water in rives and
lakes. There is even fresh water
underground. People pump it up to Earth’s
surface.
S4E3d
The Water Cycle
Water is always moving. It goes from
Earth’s surface into the air. Then it
comes back down again. This is called
the water cycle.
First, the sun warms Earth’s water. Some
water changes from a liquid to a gas.
This gas, called water vapor, moves up
into the air.
In the air, the water vapor cools. It changes back to
liquid water. In the clouds, water droplets join to
make larger drops. When the drops become
heavy enough, they fall back to Earth.
The drops may fall into an ocean, a lake, or a river.
They may soak into the ground. Or they may be
warmed by the sun and become water vapor
again.
HSP Water Cycle
Mr. Parr Water Cycle Song
Evaporation
Evaporation is what happens when a liquid
changes into a gas. Liquid water
evaporates. It changes to water vapor.
Water vapor is invisible. It mixes with
other gases in the air.
Tea kettle picture. Water boils and
becomes water vapor at 100 degree C.
Condensation
Condensation is what happens when a gas
changes into a liquid. Water vapor cools.
It changes to a liquid. Water droplets mix
with bits of dust in the air. This makes
clouds. Very high clouds may have tiny
bits of ice because the water drops froze.
S4E3e
Precipitation
The water that forms in clouds return to
Earth as precipitation. Precipitation is
water that falls from the atmosphere to
Earth’s surface.
Can you name the different forms of
precipitation and sky conditions?
Different forms of
precipitation and sky
conditions
Rain, snow, sleet, hail, clouds, and fog.
HSP Precipitation
Precipitation close passage and foldable.
Experiment
Water cycle in a bucket.
Observe and Infer (page 117)
S4E4a
EQ: How can I identify weather
instruments used to predict and measure
weather?
Meteorology is the study of weather. We
use many tools to forecast, or predict,
future weather.
Thermometer, Barometer, Anemometer,
Wind Vane, and Rain Gauge
Thermometer
A thermometer is a
weather tool used to
measure the temperature.
Barometer
Barometers are
important to
measuring air pressure.
Air pressure can help
you predict good or
bad weather.
Anemometer
Wind speed is an
important part of
weather.
An anemometer
is a weather tool
that measures
wind speed.
Wind Vane
By observing wind vanes,
we can know the direction
of the wind. Knowing the
direction of the wind is an
important part in
predicting the weather.
Rain Gauge
A rain gauge is a
weather tool used to
collect rain.
Using measurements
on the side of the rain
gauge, you can see
how many inches it
rained.
Mr. Parr Weather Instruments Song
S4E4b
Weather Maps &
Fronts
A front is where two air masses meet. A cold front forms
where a cool air mass moves under a warm air mass.
The warm air is pushed up quickly. It cools and forms
thick clouds. They bring heavy rain or snow. Cold
fronts move fast, so the storms pass quickly.
A warm front forms where a warm air mass moves over a
cold air mass. The warm air slowly sides up and over
the cold air. Stratus clouds form. They bring rain or
snow that can last for hours. Rainfall amounts are
measured by rain gauges.
Mr. Parr Weather Front Song
Weather Forecasting
Weather Maps
Weather maps use symbols. The map key
show what each symbol means.
Look at the map.
Cont with page 49
Forecasting Weather
Meteorologists forecast weather. They use
measurements from tools on the ground.
They also use data from satellites in
space.
They may see small changes in
temperature and air pressure. But these
small changes can cause big changes
over time. This is why weather can not
be predicted to far into the future.
Weather Patterns
& Climates
Weather in most places follows a pattern.
It may generally be cool in the morning
and warm in the afternoon. It all depends
on how much sunlight you get Many
places have different weather in winter,
spring, summer, and fall. Climate is a
place’s average weather over many
years.
S4E4c Observing and Record
Weather Conditions
Intro daily graphing of weather.