Load Handling
Attachments
Attachments
• What are Attachments
– Device fitted to Lift Truck to enable
safe handling of loads.
Attachments
• Lift Truck Capacity
– Fitting an attachment affects the
lift truck capacity.
– The load capacity with the
attachment fitted must be shown
on a name plate attached to the lift
truck indicating the maximum load
that can be handled with the
attachment fitted.
Attachments
• Any Attachment used on a Lift
Truck must be identified with;
• Manufacturer/Make/Model
• Capacity at load centre
• Horizontal centre of gravity
• Lost Load
• Mass
Attachments
• Forks, must engage minimum 75% of load
• Varies lengths, widths, styles, tips available
10% wear
= 20% loss of
strength
Attachments
• Side Shifts
• Enables side movement of load for positioning.
Attachments
• Fork Positioners
• Enables positioning of forks from operators seat.
Attachments
• Fork Clamps, Bale Clamps
• Enables safe handling of loads where clamping is
required. Rotating and Non Rotating.
Attachments
• Carton Clamps
• Palletless Handling of suitable product
Attachments
• Paper Roll Clamps
• Safe handling of Paper Rolls in both vertical
and bilge position
Attachments
• Multi Pallet Handlers
• Moves multiple pallet at one time
Attachments
• Rotator
• Lift and rotate loads
Attachments
• Turna forks
• Operates as clamp or forks
Attachments
• Layer Picker
• Used to remove selected layers from stack.
Attachments
• Push Pulls
• Used to handle palletless products
• Commonly used to load/unload containers
Dedicated
Quick fork Mount
Attachments
• Slip-on attachments
• Jibs, Probes, Fork Extensions
Attachments
• Benefits of Attachments
–
–
–
–
–
Reduced risk of injury to operators
Safety
Minimise manual handling
Damage Reduction
Increase productivity
Attachments
• Specialised Attachments
Attachments
Attachments
Attachments
Attachments
Attachments
Attachments
• Not an Attachment
Thank you
Forklift Tyres
PART 1: General knowledge
• Types of Industrial Tyres & Wheels
• Tyre Properties
• Different Variations
• Composition
29
Industrial Tyre Training
There are many types of forklift tyres. Forklifts intended for different
uses have specialized kinds of tyres. The most common types of
forklift tyres are Pneumatic, Resilient (solids), and Polyurethane.
A simple way to determine the tyre type:
•
Pneumatic - air filled
•
Resilient – solid/layered rubber core
•
SolidAir® - resilient tyre with sidewall holes
•
Press-on cushion – solid with steel band base
•
Polyurethane - cured polymers
Each type is designed to provide advantages in different uses.
30
3 most common tyre types
1: Pneumatic
One of the first types of forklift tyres is the
pneumatic kind. Pneumatic tyres are tough
and durable and look just like the tyres that are
used on most heavy-duty trucks.
They are commonly used to help the forklift deal with rough
terrain easily, such as a rough terrain forklift. They are made
from strong, thick rubber and have a deep tread.
31
3 most common tyre types
2: Resilient
Although resilient tyres look similar to pneumatic
tyres they are made up of internal layers of solid
rubber.
They are known as resilient tyres, as they are resilient
against general damage; never puncture or become deflated
like pneumatic tyres.
Resilient tyres have evolved greatly since their humble “solid”
beginning to provide excellent grip, traction, and top ride
quality, assuring higher durability and cost efficiency.
32
3 most common tyre types
3: Polyurethane
The evolution of the new forklifts created the need
for polyurethane tyre and wheel assemblies.
The strength and hardness of the polyurethane
helps to carry heavy loads, work in extreme
temperature environments and provide stability for
high lift requirements.
Forklift tyres made of polyurethane are the best type to use on
electric forklifts. Various compounds have been created to
endure different surfaces including cool stores. Suitable for
indoor use and even hard floors.
33
Tyre properties
PNEUMATIC TYRES
Form and function rely on correct inflation pressure
• Bias Ply nylon or Radial steel layers
Options
• Budget
• Mid range
• Premium
Types
• Black (standard)
• Non marking
34
Tyre properties
Construction differences of BIAS ply & RADIAL ply
Common bias ply construction Common radial tyre construction
35
Tyre properties
RESILIENT TYRES
• Form and function rely on design, manufacturing quality and
material used for construction.
Options
• Budget - usually 2 compound
• Mid range - usually 3 compound
• Premium - 3 compound premium rubber
Types
• Black – standard
• Non marking
36
Tyre properties
 Resilient Tyres – American Concept
 “2” stage design
 Friction based heal
 Hard tread compound
Resilient Tyres – Asian Concept
 “2” stage design
 Friction based heal
 Hard tread compound
 Standard bead wires
37
Tyre properties
Resilient Tyres – European Concept
 “3” stage design
 Steel cord for optimum base support
 Hardened natural rubber base
 Shock absorbing middle layer
 Wear resistant tread
38
Tyre Properties
Quick Base resilient tyres
 Quick base tyres are designed to
provide a quicker fitment.
 Quick’s minimise the requirement
for multiple wheel components
 Less components = lower
maintenance and repair costs
 Premium quick style tyres offer
best tyre-to-wheel cohesion
 These are also known as Loc –
Click - Limpet
39
Tyre properties
PRESS-ON CUSHION TYRES
Form and function rely upon material, bonding and fit
 Quality manufacturing processes
 Long lasting tread
 Profile
Construction
 Anti-abrasion and high anti-cut characteristics
 High modulus of compression elasticity
 Precision engineered steel band
40
Tyre properties
Types
 Black – standard
 Non marking
Press-on Cushion Tyres Tread Design Options
 Lug
 Half tread (HT)
 Smooth or Slick tread (SM)
41
Tyre properties
POLYURETHANE TYRES
Polyurethane tyres rely upon Quality materials + Quality
process control systems
•
Compounding for specialised applications
•
Extreme conditions use a “harder” material
•
Benefits include higher rigidity, reduced internal
heating & less flattening
42
Tyre properties
POLYURETHANE LOAD WHEELS
•
Different compounds for various surfaces
•
Specialty harnesses for extreme temperatures
(cold or hot)
•
Many different wheel types
43
Tyre properties
Specialised Polyurethane products are designed for:
 Cold stores
 Materials handling
 Stage technology
 Heavy duty applications
 Drum drives
 High temperature areas
 Explosion-proof areas
 Hygienic areas
44
Part 2: Tyres in Service
• Case studies
• Understanding sizes
• What tyres suite your application
• What causes effect tyre life
• About non marking tyres
• Assessing tyre wear patches
• Safety aspects
• Review questions
45
Smooth Tyre performance vs. Treaded
There are a number of factors which influence tyre performance
and behavior in wet conditions including geometry of rubber,
temperature, velocity and floor conditions. In general:
 On wet floors tread patterns become important, especially on
high speeds (over 100km/ph due to the water evacuation and
aquaplaning).
 On dirty floors (mud, loose surfaces) a tread pattern
becomes essential in evacuating the loose materials.
 Low speed applications on normal harden pavements the
grip does not rely on the tread pattern, due to high contact
pressure (± 0.8-1.0Mpa).
46
Conclusions
Smooth tyres have better grip than treaded tyres on
dry, clean floors, due to the fact they have a larger
contact area.
Maximized tyre life is achieved with the SMOOTH tread
due to the elimination of lug-to-void-area and damage
characteristics such as lug tear, uneven wear (heal and
toe) and leading edge contact damage.
On low speed applications and wet floors, studies have
shown that up to 15km/h a smooth tyre even has
better grip than a treaded tyre, as all the water is
squeezed out of the interface tyre/road, again due to the
high contact pressures.
47
When not to use smooth tyres....
Mud and water
48
When you can use smooth tyres...
Cement surface and water
49
Non Marking Tyres
Low profile Resilient tyres, Cushion tyres
and Poly tyres in non marking compounds
are gaining popularity - especially due to
new factories and higher warehouse racking
systems being introduced.
This trend is also being driven by the desire
of many “Clean Industries”. In sensitive
conditions and environments such as
medical, food and paper it is an important
clean floor.
50
Non Marking Tyre
Different non marking tread types for different applications.
Resilient
Pneumatic
Lug - pneumatic
51
Recommendations for Non Marking
When installing Non Marking tyres on any
forklift the following points should be observed..
“Earth Strap”
* The absence of the (conductive) carbon black
in non marking tyres acts as a non conductive
to static electricity. This is particularly important
in areas with volatile substances.
52
Recommendations for Non Marking
Non Marking tyres should be only
utilised “In-doors”
Dirt adheres to the Non Marking tyres
and is then deposited back on the
inside clean floor.
For press-on cushion tyre machines that require Non
Marking tyres we recommend that a 1’’ wider tyre than
standard be utilised.
WHY ?
53
What is a Skid Mark ???
 Act of skidding or slipping
 To slide instead of revolving with drive
 Of a wheel – vehicle etc to slide or slip sideways because of loss
of traction
Skid mark after emergency
braking on brushed concrete
Keep the area clean – better
house keeping
54
Skid marks
Brushed External Concrete
Rough Concrete
55
What is a Burn Mark ???
 To destroy or wear out by heat or friction
 To destroy or scorch or mark the surface
Caused by Non Marking tyres and
Polyurethane load wheels
56
4 Forks working in this area
New factory 2 to 3 weeks old
Burn out 18 feet
57
1 forklift working in this area
Floor finish has melted
These types of “marking” are not a sign of
increased productivity - rather an increase in
maintenance, repair and replacement costs.
58
What is the 60J Line ??
 The 60 J Line is what we consider to be the wear out point of a
resilient tyre.
 Wearing the tyre past this point will reduce the load carrying capacity.
 There will also be rapid wear due to the fact you are now into the
middle layer compound (softer rubber).
59
What is the 60J Line ??
 The 60 J Line or Safety Line
should be clearly marked as
per these examples:
SAFETY LINE
Smooth resilient tyre with 60J marker
60J marker and Rim Guard stamping – not to
be confused.
60
Wear Point of a Cushion Tyre
The easiest way to distinguish the wear point of a
press-on cushion tyre is the Top of Lettering
61
Wear Point of a Pneumatic Tyre
 Wear point of a pneumatic (air filled ) tyre can vary depending on
tread pattern and different brands.
 As soon as you see canvas you must replace tyre straight away.
CANVAS
62
Common causes of tyre damage
Metal Grates and Ramps
Dirty Floors, Rough or
Course surface
63
Common causes of tyre damage
Steel ramp with broken mesh
64
Common causes of tyre damage
Uneven surfaces
Erratic driving
65
Causes of rapid wear
This is caused by consistent turning in one direction
66
Causes of rapid wear
Some drivers use the forklift as a bulldozer;
not as it should be used to lift and move
items.
Using the forklift in an improper manner will
cause the wheels to spin.
The result is rapid tyre wear resulting in
large deposits of tread rubber on the
ground
67
Cause of rapid wear
Long runs – skid marks – rubbish
68
Thank you
John Makris
Harmonisation
•
•
•
•
One piece of WHS legislation including
regulations for all of Australia
Commenced in NSW, QLD, NT, ACT and
Commonwealth on 1 January 2012
TAS & SA expected to come on board by 1
January 2013.
WA and VIC have not confirmed
commencement date.
The Law
For those states which started
1 January 2012
Work Health and Safety Act
Work Health and Safety
Regulation
Codes of Practice
Guidance Materials
Fundamentals of safety
Training
Instruction
Informatio
n
Consultati
on
Monitor
Review
Audit
Safe
System
of Work
Supervisio
n
Risk
Managemen
t
WHS responsibilities
Duties owed by:
• PCBUs
• Employers
• Self-employed
• Contractors
• Controllers
• Officers
• Workers
• Designers
• Manufacturers
• Suppliers
• Installers
• Constructors
Duties owed to:
• Employees
• Contractors
• Sub-contractors
• Self-employed
• Customers
• Self
• Visitors
• Public generally
Reasonably practicable
That which is or was reasonably able to be done
weighing up factors including:
1. likelihood of hazard/risk occurring
2. degree of harm from hazard/risk
3. what a person knows or ought to know of
hazard/risk
4. availability and suitability of way to eliminate or
minimise the risk
5. after assessing the risk and controls, the costs of
eliminating or minimising the risk
Plant
• If you manage or control plant, you have to
make sure that it is without risks to health
and safety
• If you import plant, you have to make sure it
is without risks to health and safety
– Use, store, assembly, persons nearby
and exposed to the plant, test and
provide adequate information
Plant cont.
• If you supply plant, you have to make sure
it is without risks to health and safety
– Use, store, assembly, persons nearby
and exposed to the plant, test and
provide adequate information
• If you maintain plant, inspect or test plant,
this must be done
– In accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations, or if none,
recommendations by a competent
person
Plant cont.
• If you design or manufacture plant, you
have to make sure it is without risks to
health and safety
– Use, store, assembly, persons
nearby and exposed to the plant, test
and provide adequate information
Penalties
Nature of Offences
Maximum Penalty
– corporation
Maximum Penalty –
individual
Category 1
The most serious
offences – causing death,
or serious injury or high
risk of death or serious
injury involving
recklessness.
$3 million
$600,000 and/or 5 years
imprisonment for
officers
$300,000 and/or 5 years
imprisonment for
workers or other persons
Category 2
Offences involving a high
risk of death or serious
injury without
recklessness
$1.5 million
$300,000 for officers
$150,000 for workers or
other persons
Category 3
Less serious offences
placing persons at risk of
injury or illness
$500,000
$100,000 for officers
$50,000 for workers or
other persons
Things to think about
• Best practice WHS policies, systems,
procedures and training
• Consultation
• Risk management
• Robust processes and documentation
• Support and training for all workers
• Support and training for officers regarding
due diligence requirements
• Review/check/audit current processes
Questions
John Makris | Special Counsel
Middletons
T: +61 2 9513 2564
E: john.makris@middletons.com
Thank you
Panel Q & A.