Mi’kmaq: Economic Structure
Identify examples of how the society used the land
Dug
large round ponds for farming freshwater fish
Hunted the land
Used resources from the land to build homes
(poles/sheets of bark)
Gathered fruit, wild vegetables, bark and roots for food
and medicines
Farmed land
Did not change the land to suit their needs; they fit their
way of life to the opportunities the land afforded
Mi’kmaq: Economic Structure continued
Identify examples of technologies the society used
Split-wood
baskets
Snowshoes
Toboggans
Wigwam (portable home)
Canoes for river and ocean travel 4m long
Wove mattresses from evergreen branches
Harpoons
Mikmaq boxes – used porcupine needles to help
Anishnabe: Economic Structure
Identify examples of how the society used the
land.
Fished
Collected berries
Farmed the land
Grew wild rice in marshes
Hunted the land
Made Maple syrup
Anishinabe: Economic Structure continued
Identify examples of technologies the society used
Snowshoes
Had
tools to collect and skim maple syrup
Canoes built for speed (long & narrow)
Fire to bend/shape arrows
Harpoons
Nets for fishing
Tobaggans
Tools to get the wild rice (wooden rods)
Moccasins
Haudenosaunee: Economic Structure
Identify examples of how the society used the
land.
Fished
Collected berries
Farmed the land
Hunted the land
Maple syrup
Haudenosaunee : Economic Structure continued
Identify examples of technologies the society used
Snowshoes,
moccasins, arrows wampum belt
Permanent dwellings (longhouses) framed
structures and covered with elm bark. They had
lots of rooms, but no windows. Sky lights let in light
and let out smoke
Used fish heads as fertilizer on crops
Baskets
Tobagans
tools for maple syrup
Mi’kmaq:
Social Structure - making decisions
Identify examples of
how the society made
decisions
Identify examples of
the role of women in
decision making
Community
Women
held
meetings
Saqamaw – a leader in
Mikmaq society. Chosen
and advised by councils
of Elders to represent its
district. When all districts
met they made up the
Grand Council
Grand Council advised
communities how to live,
also managed relations
with other First Nations
Identify examples of
the role of men in
decision making
allowed to sit in Men made up the
on meetings, but had no Grand Council, and the
say in the outcome
Saqamaw
Anishinabe:
Social Structure - making decisions
Identify examples of
how the society made
decisions
Identify examples of
the role of women in
decision making
Identify examples of
the role of men in
decision making
Clan: Crane, Loon
Duty: Leadership
The 2 clans worked
together to provide
balance government
They did not always
agree, which ensured a
careful review of every
decision
They were treated equally. They became members
of his or her father’s clan and among the clans they
treated each other like brothers and sisters
Clan: Fish
Duty: Teaching, scholarship
Helped solve disputes between Crane and Loon
Clans
Haudenosaunee:
Social Structure - making decisions
Identify examples of
how the society made
decisions
Identify examples of
the role of women in
decision making
Identify examples of
the role of men in
decision making
Grand Council:
Decisions of the
confederacy were made
by a council of 50 chiefs.
These chiefs were the
Hoyaneh.
Had to follow the Great
Law of Peace: set down
rules of government, in
which each member
nation of the
confederacy had equal
voice and status
Women were very
powerful especially clan
mothers.
Clan mothers: female
leaders of clans chose
and advised the
Hoyaneh. If the Hoyaneh
failed to perfom duties
accorfing to the Great
Law of Peace they could
replace him
Hoyaneh – a
Haudenosaunee leader
(male). All decision were
made by the Hoyaneh
but advised by the clan
mothers
Examples of How Geography
Affected the Identity of the People
How Geography Affected the
Identity of the People
Mikmaq
Seasonal movement:
Lived close to the coast in summer for fishing
and hunting sea mammals and away from
coast, in the forest, in the winter to hunt game
Anishinabe
Wild rice is a staple food for them. It grows
naturally at the edges of lakes on the
Canadian Shield
Traveled by lakes and rivers so they built
canoes for speed and easy handling in rough
waters
Haudenosaunee
Agricultural
people:
the 3 Sisters: corn, bean, squash
Had permanent dwellings
(year round)