ผลกระทบของรังสี ในอวกาศต่ อสิ่ งแวดล้ อมบนโลก
และผลทางรังสี ชีววิทยาในมนุษย์ (2)
รองศาสตราจารย์ ดร. สารี มั่นเขตต์ กรน์
หน่ วยวิจัยเคมีฟิสิกส์ ชีววิทยาระดับเซลล์ และโมเลกุล
ศูนย์ วจิ ัยเพื่อความเป็ นเลิศด้ านการสร้ างภาพระดับโมเลกุล
ภาควิชารั งสีเทคนิค คณะเทคนิคการแพทย์ มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่ 50200
อีเมลล์ : samlee@chiangmai.ac.th และ samlee@cemithai.com
Photo: Basuki; www.who.int/phe
Source: www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/
Water vapor
Greenhouse
Gases
Combustion of fossil
fuels and ploughing farm
soils
Use of refrigerators,
air conditioners,
aerosol spray and
cleaning
agents
7-11-2007
cause depletion of
Combustion of
fossil fuels and
forest fires
Protective layer in the upper
atmosphere from UV radiation. If
excessive produced caused air
pollution such as smog & fog
ดร. จิรพล สิ นธุนาวา
Animal
husbandry,
irrigated
agriculture
4
…and “climate change” is happening!!
“ Global climate change is happening !”
Loaded
greenhouse
gases by manmade at
atmosphere
Emitted CO2 by
burning fossil fuels
for power and by
deforestation
Source : IPCC
CH4 released
from paddy
field, animal
husbandry and
landfills
CO2 levels will arise another
twice times by the year 2100.
USA, Saudi Arabia released
highest CO2 per head of
population in the world.
Thailand
Wider Ozone hole prevent less
UV radiation
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbon)
The Vienna Convention for
the Protection of the Ozone Layer
In 1981 the United Nations Environment Organization has established the
legal and technical working group for drafting to achieve agreements in
international treaties to resolve the damage called the Vienna Convention
on ozone layer protection.
Contains a pledge to cooperate in research and surveillance data exchange
volume Emissions and destroy the ozone layer as well as control the
operation of the Convention to the future with the Vienna Convention
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of
the Ozone Layer adopted in March 1985,
entered into force, 1988 by 28 countries
Source: Hazardous Substances Control Bureau
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer
To have negotiated the draft regulations and measures to prevent the
destruction of the ozone layer under the Vienna Convention, which the
draft was completed in the short time on 16 September 1987 at City
Diamond Three Seasons of Canada in 47 countries worldwide, entered
into force, 1989
Currently, 184 countries around the world have
jointly ratified the Vienna Convention included
Thailand
Thailand's role
• Must take steps to reduce and stop using the substances in
accordance with the specified period.
• Must report the amount of controlled substance to UNEP who serves
as the Secretariat of the Protocol.
• Department of Industrial Works Ministry of Industry as the primary
agency responsible conducted studies in amount of substances
destroying the ozone layer in different industry sectors and the import
volume controls destroying substances.
• National Plan of Thailand: to stop using substances that destroy the
ozone layer and prepared for the period of disuse substances
destroying the ozone layer.
Pop. Growth &
Urbanization
Globalization
Global warming
Deforestation
& others
factors
Industrialization
& trade
What if…Climate Change?
•Increasing sea-levels
•Increasing Strong wind
Increasing sea-levels will lead to costal erosion
Photo: @ Greenpeace/Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert
Photo: www.allposters.com
Changes in the Claciers at Shrong Himal, Nepal over 26 years
Source : Nagoya University, http://snowman.hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Impact of Climate Change: How does it all relate to me?
Event-based Change in 21 century
Impact on Human Health
Warmer Temperatures and stagnant air
masses
Increased risk of Diseases
Unsafe food.
Animal as reservoir/amplifying
vector/transmitter of pathogens.
Heavy precipitation events
Flash Floods and Land slides
Costal erosion
Reduced crop yields
Intense weather events (Cyclones,
Storms)
Loss of Life, injuries, life long handicaps.
Diseases outbreak.
Damage of Animals/Insects/Plant Ecosystems.
Droughts and Floods
Reduced crop yields.
Reduced electricity and power production.
Monsoon seasons change in region
Phenomenon Droughts and Floods
Weather events VS Impacts on human health (1)
Heat waves / air
pollution
Heat stroke,
Respiratory dis.
Cardio-vascular
illness
Warmer temp.
& disturbed
rainfall
patterns
Vector-borne
diseases:
สำนักโรคติดต่ออุบตั ิใหม่ กรมควบคุมโรค กระทรวงสำธำรณสุข
Changes in climate may alter the distribution of
important vector species and may increase the
spread of disease.
Weather events VS Impacts on human
health (2)
Heavy precipitation
events
Water/ foodborne diseases:
cholera,
harmful algae
bloom, etc.
Droughts
Malnutrition
& Starvation
Psychosocial
Stress
Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) & Global warming
Expansion of water surface
Warmers temp & longer duration
Tendency to be toxic strains
“Especially temperate zone”
Freshwater HABs Toxins
• Hepatoxins, Neurotoxins
• All are blue-green algae
(cyanobacteria)
Marine HABs: Toxins & Toxicity
• Diarrheic, Paralytic, Neurotoxic, Amnestic shellfish poison,
Ciguatera fish poison (DSP, PSP, NSP, ASP, CFP)
Harmful algal
bloom
Harmful algal bloom ;Florida
Weather events VS Impacts on human
health (3)
Cyclones, Storms,
flooding
• Death, Injuries
• Damage infrastructure
• Diseases related to extreme
climates eg. Leptospirosis
• Social problems
• Psychosocial Stress
Sea level rise &
Coastal storms
Disappearance of Land
 Migration
 Social conflict
 Stress

Projected impacts of global warming in
Asia (1)
 Glacier melt in the Himalayas is projected
to increase flooding, rock avalanches from
destabilised slopes, and affect water
resources within the next two to three
decades. This will be followed by
decreased river flows as the glaciers
recede.
 Freshwater availability in Central, South,
East and Southeast Asia particularly in
large river basins is projected to decrease
due to climate change which, along with
population growth and increasing demand
arising from higher standards of living,
could adversely affect more than a billion
people.
Source: IPCC WGII Fourth Assessment Report, April 2007
Projected impacts of global warming in
Asia (2)
 Coastal areas, especially heavilypopulated mega-delta regions in South,
East and Southeast Asia, will be at
greatest risk due to increased flooding
from the sea and in some mega-deltas
flooding from the rivers.
 Climate change is projected to impinge
on sustainable development of most
developing countries of Asia as it
compounds the pressures on natural
resources and the environment associated
with rapid urbanisation, industrialisation,
and economic development.
Source: IPCC WGII Fourth Assessment Report, April 2007
Projected impacts of global warming in
Asia (3)
 Endemic morbidity and mortality due
to diarrhoeal disease primarily
associated with floods and droughts
are expected to rise in East, South
and Southeast Asia due to projected
changes in hydrological cycle
associated with global warming.
 Increases in coastal water
temperature would exacerbate the
abundance and/or toxicity of cholera
in South Asia.
Source: IPCC WGII Fourth Assessment Report, April 2007
Projected impacts of global warming in
Asia
It is projected that crop yields
could increase up to 20% in East
and Southeast Asia while it
could decrease up to 30% in
Central and South Asia by the
mid 21 st century. Taken
together and considering the
influence of rapid population
growth and urbanization, the risk
of hunger is projected to remain
very high in several developing
countries.
ธารนา้ แข็งหิมาลัยในเอเชียมีอตั ราการละลายเร็วที่สดุ
ปั จจุบนั จึงบางลงมากกว่าธารนา้ แข็งอื่นๆ
Volume(km3)
Location
East Antarctic ice sheet
26,039,200
Potential sea-Level
rise (m)
64.80
West Antarctic ice sheet
3,262,000
8.06
Antarctic Peninsula
227,100
.46
Greenland
2,620,000
180,000
6.55
.45
32,328,300
80.32
All other ice caps, ice
field, and valley glaciers
Total
Southeast Asia if West sheet melted (17-foot rise)
Source: Dr. Chirapol Sintunawa 12-10-2007
Climate Change: Study Impact to
Thailand
Climate change tend to be :
higher and longer temperatures BUT not dryness
• Slightly increasing temperature around 1-2 °C
• Summer season will be longer 1-2 months
• Winter season will be shorter 1-2 months
• Rainy season remains unchanged BUT water volume will
increase 10-20%
• Uncertain season interval changed dramatically ( Extreme scenario )
What if Climate Change effected Thailand?
Encourage to conduct various of continued-studies and brain storming
Impacts in Thailand
Sea Level
Increasing sea-levels approximately 0.09 – 0.88 meters will lead to costal
erosion.
Gulf of Thailand Erosion crisis worse than
the Andaman Sea; six areas crisis
included Bangkok, Rayong, Petchaburi
down to Narathivas
Bangkhunthien coastal
water erosion
30-10-2007
ดร.จิรพล สิ นธุนาวา
31
Floods
Within 3 decades, country severely affected by climate change in the
frequency of extreme weather events result Floods and storms, especially
in eastern coastal lines and southern area near the ocean as well as
Bangkok, Hadyai and Chiangmai.
Climate change may also affect diseases spread both
human and animal/plants delta regions
Flash Floods
Land Slide
Drought
Drought occurs in summer
caused dryness reservoir,
reduced crop yields.
Dryness affecting in crops
produced caused farmers
stress
Fog and Forest Fires
Long term high temperature
has been rise in key air
pollutants causes
respiratory diseases.
•Clinical Treatment
•Strictly follow guideline for IC, PPE
•Logistic preparation
•Diagnosis / Surveillance
•Clinical Finding,
Epidemiology, Laboratory
Clinicians
Monitor
Diagnose
•Supervise team and health
education to population
•Selected key message
•Quality assurance
Role
Of Medical team
to
EID / PHER
Teachers/Mentors
•Collecting, Recording,
Analyze and report
•Updating new knowledge
•Reporting on time
•Encourage team
•Alerting Message
Researchers
Conclusion (1)
 Now the world is changing in many directions.
 Climate change and global warming caused public health problem and diseases
outbreak in the world.
 Thailand should prepare for respond to Communicable diseases / Infectious diseases
and other new/re-emerging diseases for example;
 Vector-Borne Disease; hemorrhagic fever, Malaria, Japanese encephalitis,
Elephantiasis
 Food and water Borne Diseases; Diarrhea, Food Poisoning, Hepatitis
 Respiratory Diseases; Influenza
 Emerging and re-emerging Diseases; Avian Influenza, Nipah and Westnile
 Infectious Diseases from Natural Disaster Impact
Conclusion (2)
Preparedness concepts
 Strengthen and Development of public Health System
 Surveillance and Rapid Response
 Enhancement of capacity building and knowledge
 Strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration and network
Sawasdee krab
ิ ค ้าตัวใหม่
“คาร์บอนเครดิต” สน
จากประเทศกาลังพัฒนา
• Carbon Credit คือ
ปริมาณก๊ าซเรือนกระจก ที่
ลดได้ จากกิจกรรมของมนุษย์
• เป็ นเครื่ องมือสำคัญในพิธีสำรเกียว
โต (Kyoto Protocol)
• โดยก ำหนดให้ ป ระเทศพัฒ นำแล้ ว
41 ประเทศ ลดกำรปล่อยก๊ ำซเรื อน
กระจกอย่ำงน้ อย 5% เมื่อเทียบกับ
ปี 2533 ภำยในปี 2555
ฉลากคาร์บอน (Carbon Label) ทางเลือกใหม่เพื่อลดภาวะ
โลกร้อน
• ฉลากคาร์บอน : ฉลากทีแ
่ สดงระดับการลด
่ รรยากาศต่อ
การปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจกออกสูบ
หน่วยผลิตภัณฑ์
• เราทุกคนล ้วนมีสว่ นร่วมในฐานะผู ้ก่อปั ญหา
้ พยากรและ
ภาวะโลกร ้อนผ่านการใชทรั
พลังงานรูปแบบต่างๆ เพือ
่ ดาเนินกิจวัตร
ประจาวันอย่างหลีกเลีย
่ งไม่ได ้
• ทางเลือกหนึง่ เพือ
่ ชดเชยสงิ่ ทีค
่ ณ
ุ ทา คือ การ
ื้ สน
ิ ค ้าทีม
เลือกซอ
่ ก
ี ารปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจก
ิ ค ้าทีม
น ้อย หรือสน
่ ี “ฉลากคาร์บอน”
แหล่งข้อมูลเรื่ อง Global Warming
• องค์การบริหารจัดการก๊าซเรือนกระจก
(องค์การมหาชน) ; www.tgo.or.th
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ;
www.ipcc.ch/
• World Health Organization ;
www.searo.who.int
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www.cmdl.noaa.gov/.../ wmobro/graphics/fig9m.gif
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www.unep.ch/ozone/faq-env.shtml
เรียนเชิญเข้ าร่ วมประชุมและเพื่อเปิ ดรับข้ อคิดเห็น
การจัดงานแสดงมุตติ าจิตเนื่องในวโรกาส
เกษียณอายุราชการ ปี 2554
รองศาสตราจารย์ ระวีวรรณ กันไพเราะ
วันที่ 1 ธันวาคม 2553 เวลา 16.30 น เป็ นต้ นไป
ที่ห้องประชุมพันตน