Battery
 Operation
 Service
 Diagnosis
CBC
Automotive
Battery
 Source
of Energy
 Reserve while running
 Stabilizer
P - C117
CBC
Automotive
Battery
 Converts
chemical
energy into
electrical energy
CBC
Automotive
Cells
#
of cells
 Cell voltage
 How cells are
connected
P - C120
CBC
Automotive
Chemistry

During
charging and
discharging
CBC
Automotive
Charged
+
= Pb O2 (Pure lead peroxide)
 - = Pb (Sponge lead)
 Solution = H2 SO4
 Solution
of Sulfuric acid & water
CBC
Automotive
Discharging
+
= PbSO4
 - = PbSO4
 Plates turn to Lead Sulfate
 Solution = H2O
CBC
Automotive
 Why
do
batteries
freeze?
CBC
Automotive
Reversing the
cycle again
CBC
Automotive
Battery Gassing
 During
discharge
 During charge
CBC
Automotive
Batteries do blow up
CBC
Automotive
Precautions
 Remove
ground terminal first
 Connect ground last
 Jumper/charger
on block
 Corrosive
CBC
Automotive
Precautions
 when
jumping a battery
 when using a charger
 when disconnecting a cable
 when using any flame source
CBC
Automotive
P -C119
Construction
CBC
Automotive
 Positive
plate
 Negative plate
 Separator
 Grid
CBC
Automotive
P - C 118
Conventional Battery
CBC
Automotive
Maintenance Free - pluses
Larger plates
 Resistance to
overcharging

Longer shelf life
 Higher cold
cranking rate

P - C125
CBC
Automotive
Maintenance Free - faults


Grid growth - hot
Can’t take being
deep cycled



Low reserve capacity
Drain quick with a
parasitic load
Shorter life
CBC
Automotive
P - C124
Low maintenance
CBC
Automotive
Hybrid Batteries
 Calcium
in the neg. plates
 Antimony in the pos. plates
 Allows deep cycling
 Marine
 Golf
carts etc..
P -C125
CBC
Automotive
Recombination
P - C127
 Has
gel instead
of liquid
 Result
- no
gassing
 higher cell
voltage .1
 cold
starting
CBC
Automotive
Terminals
 Post

leakage
 Side
Terminal
 “L” terminal

specialty and import
P - C127
CBC
Automotive
•Temperature
•0’ = 40%
•Charge
•Plate area
•Impurities
•Gassing
CBC
Automotive
Causes of battery failure
CBC
Automotive
Causes of failure
 Electrolyte
level
 Overcharging
 Undercharging
 Corrosion
 Cycling
 Temperature
 Vibration
CBC
Automotive
State of charge testing
CBC
Automotive
Hydrometer

Ball Style
CBC
Automotive
Hydrometer

float Style
CBC
Automotive
Battery Refractometer
CBC
Automotive
Open Circuit Voltage Test
Battery Voltage with the car off.
 Sealed
batteries
 Remove surface charge
 12.66 = fully charged
 12.4 = 3/4 charged
P - L128
CBC
Automotive
A battery Must be 3/4
charged before doing a
battery capacity test
CBC
Automotive
Before load testing - Check the temp.
CBC
Automotive
The right battery for the vehicle
Before load testing you
must know what the
battery is, or should be
rated at
CBC
Automotive
Ratings
P -C128
 Cold
cranking Amperes rating CCA
 Cranking Amperes rating CA
 Ampere-hour rating


Reserve capacity rating
Watt hour rating
CBC
Automotive
Battery capacity rating
Cold Cranking Amperes - CCA most
common
“Number of amperes load of battery will
maintain at 0 degrees Fahrenheit for 30
seconds without battery voltage falling
below 7.2 volts” (1.2 volts per cell)
 size of engine should be smaller than cold
cranking ampere

CBC
Automotive

Do not be misled by CA that’s just
cranking amps. It will give you a
higher reading but it misleads you
because it is tested at a higher
temperature.

Cranking amps are the numbers of
amperes a lead-acid battery at 32
degrees F (0 degrees C) can deliver
for 30 seconds and maintain at least
1.2 volts per cell (7.2 volts for a 12
CBC
volt battery).
Automotive
Recommended Minimum
battery size

4-cylinder 400 CCA

6-cylinder 500 CCA

8-cylinder 575 CCA
CBC
Automotive
Battery types
WET CHARGE shipped with
electrolyte must charged during
storage
 DRY CHARGE shipped empty
manufacture gives forming charge
dries the cell elements and seals it.
If you keep moisture out it will
remain fully charged for long time.
When needed just add electrolyte

CBC
Automotive
Battery checking visual
Inspection
CBC
Automotive
Battery checking visual
Inspection
cracked or leaking case
 liquid level, add water use distilled
water preferred (No minerals) or ice
melted out of a freezer
 Voltage can discharge across top
from post to post
 clean battery top and post and
cables, battery hold downs

CBC
Automotive
visual Inspection
CBC
Automotive
Removing Batteries
Always Disconnect the ground cable
first. (Negative Cable on cars)
 Always hook up the ground cable last
 If you disconnect the positive first
and touch ground you will have
sparks.

CBC
Automotive
Removing Batteries

Always make sure you have a way
to keep the memory alive
(Computer, radio, etc) when you
replace the battery.
CBC
Automotive
Cleaning The Battery
mix baking soda and water to clean
batteries
 clean post and cable with a terminal
brush or post cutter
 coat all connections with grease or
use a spray like NOCO NCP-2 Battery
corrosion spray

CBC
Automotive
Formula for load testing
Three times the
ampere-hour rating
P - L130 Capacity Test
CBC
Automotive
Formula for load testing
Cold cranking amps
divided by 2
CBC
Automotive
Three minute charge test
Tests for a sulfated battery
 40 amps for three minutes
 Should be below 15.5 volts
CBC
Automotive
Battery Drain test
or System drain test
This is done When a battery goes
dead for no apparent reason.
Charging system seems to work
OK Yet after charging the battery
it is dead after several nights.
CBC
Automotive
Battery Drain test
or System drain test
 Ammeter is hooked in series at the
battery post with everything off
Make sure you close the door or the
courtesy lights will be on
 GM .1
P - L137-L139 lab
CBC
Automotive
Battery Drain test
Make sure you change the
leads on the meter to amps
CBC
Automotive
Battery Drain test
Make sure you change the leads
CBC
Automotive
Battery Drain Specifications
77 & older cars .01 A 10mA
78-85 .02 -.025A
20-25mA
1986 & Newer .05A
50mA
This is just a best guess
CBC
Automotive
Battery leakage test
Voltmeter – lead at negative post
 Voltmeter + lead drag across battery
 No voltage should be present
anywhere if it is clean the battery

P - L126 lab.
CBC
Automotive
Terminal Test

This is just a voltage drop test done
on the battery terminals. You must
disable the ignition and crank over
the engine. Should be
under .2 volts.
Make sure you do both
terminals
CBC
Automotive
P - L122 lab
Fast / Slow charging
CBC
Automotive
P - L122 lab





Clean up Battery first
unhook cables - check liquid level
don't charge over 16 volts. If plates are sulfated or if
battery has been discharged for some time
slow charge for a long period 24 hours (about 2 Amps)
don't allow temperature to exceed 100
never fast change batteries
Fast / Slow charging
CBC
Automotive
Battery cleaning
Use a Mixture of water and
Baking soda
A commercial battery cleaner
or Coca-Cola Rinse off with
water or you will have a sticky
mess.
P - L134 lab
CBC
Automotive
The End
That's all for
this battery
CBC
Automotive