Conditions for
Convection
The Ingredients Method
Conditions for Convection
• Instability
• Moisture
• Upmotion
Conditions for Deep Moist Convection
•Analyse and forecast
Upmotion
Instability
Lifted Index, CAPE,
lapse rate, potential
instability
NWP omega fields
Lifting mechanisms:
fronts, troughs, conv.
lines, sea breezes,
orography
Moisture
Surface and lower
tropospheric dew
points, dry lines
Based on observations, radar, satellite, NWP
Conditions for Deep Moist Convection
•Analyse and forecast
Upmotion
Instability
Lifted Index, CAPE,
lapse rate, potential
instability
NWP omega fields
Lifting mechanisms:
fronts, troughs, conv.
lines, sea breezes,
orography
Moisture
Surface and lower
tropospheric dew
points, dry lines
Based on observations, radar, satellite, NWP
Conditions for Deep Moist Convection
Charles Doswell III
Conditions for Deep Moist Convection
CIN
Moisture
Upmotion
Instability
CIN
Moisture
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Conditions for Deep Moist Convection
CIN
Moisture
Animate
Upmotion
Instability
CIN
Moisture
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Conditions for Deep Moist Convection
CIN
Moisture
Upmotion
Instability
CIN
Moisture
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Instability
Sounding Basics
COMET module
Analysis
Modification
Animated
Surface
influences
Potential
instability
CAPE and other
indices
Convective
Inhibition (CIN)
Role
Development
and erosion
Early vs late
storms
CAPE
Other
Albedo
Vegetation
Soil moisture
Development
Tasman Sea
Baiu front
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Ingredients
Instability
Moisture
Upmotion
Conceptual models
Moisture
Roles
Energy for updrafts
Instability
Other Roles
Detection
Entrainment
Downdrafts
Mid-level
evaporation
Precipitation
Sources
Ocean/sea/lake
Surface
evaporation
Advection
Evaporating
precipitation
Hail formation
Parameters
(Td, Tw, RH, precipitable
water, moisture conv.)
Surface obs.
Soundings
Satellite imagery
Radar
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Ingredients
Instability
Moisture
Upmotion
Conceptual models
Upmotion
Strongly forced
Convergence
Zones
Gravity waves
Land-sea breeze
Land
breeze
Mechanical
Outflow
boundaries
Other
Fronts
Troughs
Dry lines
Sea
breeze
Differential
heating
Lake
breeze
Other
Barrier:
mountain range
Funnelling:
canyon
Mountain
breeze
Cloud cover
Anabatic Katabatic
Cloud
edge
Anvil
Convective rolls
Low level jet
Urban effects
Land surface
Change of Previous rain
vegetation or outflow
Romanian examples
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Ingredients
Instability
Moisture
Upmotion
Conceptual models
Convergence Models - Romania
Convergence zone
Back building squall line
Sea breeze
Northern convergence flow
Mountain breeze
Southern convergence flow
Convergence Zone
Sea Breeze
Sea Breeze example
Back Building Squall Line
Back Building Squall Line (cont)
Back Building Squall Line example
Mountain Breeze
Mountain Breeze example
Northern Convergence Flows
Northern Convergence Flow example
Southern Convergence Flows
Southern Convergence Flows ex. 1
When a low pressure system is situated North of Romania, the inland
sea breeze circulation is deflected toward North, and a convergent flow
forms in the SE of Romania. If other ingredients are in place, severe
convection develops along the convergent flow. This was the case of
the strongest tornado recorded in Romania, Facaeni 12 August 2002.
The wind field analyzed by ALADIN model for this case and the radar
image of the hook echo are shown.
Southern Convergence Flows ex. 2
Southern Convergence Flows ex. 2
Southern Convergence Flows ex. 2