Civil Air Patrol
Performing Missions For America
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Civil Air Patrol
Performing Missions For America
U.S. AIR FORCE
AUXILIARY
October 2010

ORM
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AUXILIARY
In flying, I have learned that carelessness and overconfidence are usually far more dangerous than deliberately accepted risks.
— Wilbur
Wright in a letter to his father, September 1900
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ORM
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AUXILIARY http://flash.aopa.org/asf/flightrisk/learn-about-flight-risk.cfm
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Operational Risk Management
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The 5M Concept
Man, Media, Machine, Management, Mission
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The 5M Concept – Man (1)
I’M SAFE
I llness
M edication
S tress
A lcohol
F atigue
E motion
All of the above can degrade performance and should be considered a risk.
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The 5M Concept – Media (2)
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Media is the environment in which anyone is conducting an activity.
Snow Storm
Runway
Mountain Areas
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Dust Storm

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The 5M Concept – Machine (3)
This is an example of the proper user interface with a computer. It minimizes the effects of muscle fatigue, carpel tunnel, and straining of the eyes, among other things. You can use ORM each day at a computer to prevent such injuries.
When dealing with a machine, knowing its maintenance history (logbook, check recent issues), performance (max weight), parts, upkeep, repair, et cetera is all important. The preflight inspection is therefore significant in order to check and review the design, maintenance, logistics, and tech data of the particular aircraft you are about to takeoff in.
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The 5M Concept –
Management (4)
Management is always YOU!
After all the regs, policies, analyses, and gathered opinions, YOU are the one who makes the final decision if the activity you are about to partake in is risky.
Does the benefit(s) outweigh the risk(s)?
YOU
Go
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The 5M Concept – Mission (5)
Traffic Reports
EPA Watches
Counter Drug Ops
Search and Rescues
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Operational Risk Management
Now that we’ve reviewed what contributes to ORM, where does the Civil Air Patrol stand with ORM and how do we conduct an actual ORM assessment for a situation?
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CAP ORM Vision
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CAP ORM Mission
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ORM Principles
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 Accept no unnecessary risks.
 Make risk decisions at the appropriate level.
 Accept risks when benefits outweigh costs.
 Integrate ORM into doctrine and planning at all levels.
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Accept no unnecessary risk
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 What are the three main reasons that
“unnecessary risks” are sometimes taken?
 How can the taking of unnecessary risks be minimized?
 Corollary is “Accept Necessary Risk”.
Flying is tough, it's even tougher if you do something stupid. Don't do nuthin dumb!
~ Ralph Royce (US WWII Army Air Forces
General)
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Three reasons for taking
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AUXILIARY unnecessary risks
 #1 - Not aware of the risk.
 #2 - An incorrect assessment of cost versus benefit.
 #3 Interpreting “bold risk taking” to mean gambling.
Don’t be a show-off. Never be too proud to turn back.. There are old pilots and bold pilots, but no old, bold pilots. -
E. Hamilton Lee
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Procedures for minimizing the taking of unnecessary risk
 Improve hazard detection procedures and awareness of risks.
 Improve risk decision making skills at all levels of the organization.
 Train personnel at all levels regarding the risk management “credo” not “Mission accomplishment at any cost”, but “Mission accomplishment at the least cost.”
There is no reason to fly through a thunderstorm in peacetime.
~ Sign over squadron ops desk at Davis-
Monthan AFB, AZ, 1970.
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The ORM 6 - Step Process
6. Supervise and Review
5. Risk Control
Implementation
4. Make
Control
Decisions
1. Identify the Hazards
2. Assess the Risks
3. Analyze
Risk Control
Measures
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Operational Risk Assessment
ORM Simplest Example
1 . Identify the Hazards: Limited visibility due to the fog and a hill. You are unfamiliar with this road and have no idea what is on the other side.
2. Assess the Risks: Due to the fog and hill obstructing your vision you will have difficulty seeing traffic or obstructions on the road.
3. Analyze Risk Control Measures: You have no control over the weather but you can control your speed.
4. Make Control Decisions: Slow down. This is the only option available to you.
5. Implement Risk Controls : Slow down to a safe speed.
6. Supervise and Review : Assess whether or not your new speed is slow enough for the conditions and adjust as needed.
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HAZARD VERSUS RISK
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HAZARD
RISK
A description of a condition that can impair mission accomplishment.
No indication of its mission significance.
A hazard for which we have estimated the severity, probability, and scope with which it can impact our mission.
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SEVERITY
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 What impact on mission?
 What impact on people?
 What impact on things (material, facilities, environment)?
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SEVERITY CATEGORIES
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•
CATASTROPHIC - Complete mission failure, death, or loss of system
•
CRITICAL - Major mission degradation, severe injury, occupational illness, or major system damage
•
MODERATE - Minor mission degradation, injury, minor occupational illness, or minor system damage
•
NEGLIGIBLE - Less than minor mission degradation, injury, occupational illness or minor system damage
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PROBABILITY
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 Use the cumulative probability of all causation factors.
 Express in descriptive or quantitative terms.
 Use experience data when possible.
 Acknowledge uncertainty.
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PROBABILITY CATEGORIES
•
•
•
•
• Frequent
Likely
Occasional
Seldom
Unlikely
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The Risk Assessment Index
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Frequent Likely
Probability
Occasional Seldom
A B C
S
E
V
E
R
I
T
Y
Catastrophic
Critical
Moderate
Negligible
I
II
III
IV
Extremely
High
Medium
Risk Levels
D
Unlikely
E
Low
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Risk Assessment (detailed)
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Operational Risk Management
Conclusion
Realize the rock is there, Analyze if the rock will cause harm, Mitigate the harm.
Don’t get caught under a boulder! But a pebble won’t hurt.
(if not dropped from a large distance, that is…)
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Some Delaware Wing Mishap
Reports
 Weather damage to aircraft: snow and ice caused aircraft tail to hit ground.
Mitigation: Sand bag on nose during icing and heavy snow conditions
 Fire during engine start: minimal damage due to situational awareness and quick action of crew
Mitigation: sustain the least damage by being aware and anticipating what to do in the event of a fire
 Cadet Laceration: due to fall over pipe sticking out of the ground
Mitigation: stay on lighted path; require a flashlight in night conditions while off a path; be sure grounds are safe
 Cadet Sprained Ankle: due to fall in hole in ground
Mitigation: Walk around inspection of grounds before activity
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How can the following be mitigated?
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How can the following be mitigated?
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How can the following be mitigated?
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How can the following be mitigated?
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How can the following be mitigated?
Performing Missions For America

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How can the following be mitigated?
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How can the following be mitigated?
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How can the following be mitigated?
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Additional Information
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AOPA Aviation Security: http://www.aopa.org/whatsnew/la-security.html
Additional information available at the ORM University through the
Civil Air Patrol Website: http://creports.capnhq.gov/ormu/
Canadian Safety Management System (SMS) Transport Canada website
GAIN products (including risk assessment, airline flight ops, etc.) and proceedings available – www.gainweb.org
– report on Safety Management Systems on the cd and website
Aviation Conference Education (ACE) – courses http://www.skygod.com/quotes/piloting.html
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Additional Information ( con’t)
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FAA – introductory System Safety Course (OKC; 3-day course) http://rgl.faa.gov/regulatory_and_guidance_library/rgadvisorycircular.
nsf/0/6485143d5ec81aae8625719b0055c9e5/$FILE/AC%20120-
92.pdf
FAA Office of System Safety ( www.faa.gov
) - advice on system safety issues
System Safety Handbook – FAA http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/risk_management/ss_ha ndbook/
Appendix to FAA order 8040.4 for FAA contact points for specific areas of expertise
SAE – www.sae.org
– ARP4761 – guidance for airlines and other organizations
– courses/conferences
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Thank you for your attention and as always,
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