VIRTUAL POWER PLANTS OF
MICRO CHP UNITS
COMBINED WITH ACTIVE
COMPONENTS REDUCING
PEAK LOADS AND LOAD
FLUCTUATIONS
Dipl.- Wirtsch. Ing. Phillip Gronstedt
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Kurrat
FORSCHUNGSVERBUND
ENERGIE
NIEDERSACHSEN
Energy Research Alliance of Lower Saxony
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Agenda

Idea of an Active Distribution Network

Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes

Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant

Using Flexible Applications within Households

Integration of el. Storage Systems

Results and Outlook
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Idea
• Setting up an active distribution
network in order to intergrate
renewable systems
• Using a grid-oriented approach:
leveling the load profile – reducing peaks
Components
Photovoltaic
CHP- VPP
Grid-Effect
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Adaptive
Devices
El. Storage
Systems
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
The situation at the outset was the following
Parameters
Grid Specifics
Residential
Area in BS /
Germany
No. of HC
ca. 100
No. of AU
ca. 300
Transformers
2 x 630 kVA
Details:
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
HC
House Connection
AU
Accommodation
Unit
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Agenda

Idea of an Active Distribution Network

Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes

Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant

Using Flexible Applications within Households

Integration of el. Storage Systems

Results and Outlook
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Load [kW]
Consideration of PV Feed-in
Time [hh:mm]
Initial load
Incl. PV-Systems
PV- Feed in
Elec. Load
7kWel
Penetration
30% of HC
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Agenda

Idea of an active distribution networks

Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes

Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant

Using flexible applications within households

Integration of el. Storage Systems

Results and Outlook
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Virtual power plant of combined heat and
power micro units

Micro CHP units installed with buffer storage and peak load boiler

A developed energy management system, based on a standard
communication (IEC 61850), coordinates the use of the virtual
power plant by using UMTS-router
Central Schedule
Management
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Virtual power plant of combined heat and
power micro units
Grid-oriented operation mode
Objective: Peak Shaving and leveling of the overall load profile
•
The higher the penetration level of micro CHP units, the bigger is
the positive effect for the distribution network
30
10
15
20
25
1
2
5
CHP
micromicro
CHP
units
unit
electrical load in kW
•
resulting residential load
original residential load
time in ¼ h
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Agenda

Idea of an active distribution networks

Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes

Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant

Using flexible applications within households

Integration of el. Storage Systems

Results and Outlook
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Adaptive consumers
• Hierarchical Multi-Agent System
• Devices are dynamically clustered into pools
Dynamic load control of small consumers via pooling
Scheduler
Defining
load shift
schedules
Cluster of
devices
Aggregation of
appliances
Household
appliances
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Calculate
and
publish
consumpti
on
statistics
Distribution
of
schedules
Perform
load
shifting
schedules
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Agenda

Idea of an Active Distribution Network

Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes

Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant

Using Flexible Applications within Households

Integration of el. Storage Systems

Results and Outlook
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Electric storage systems within an active
distribution network

Electro-chemical storage systems with up to 5kW and 10kWh are
combined with almost every third decentralized power unit.

An algorithm is implemented in MATLAB Simulink with CPLEXSolver to fulfill different operation concepts (grid vs. market)

The study at hand focuses on grid purposes and
compares the performance of centrally installed
systems (next to transformer) with those that are
positioned decentrally (next to power
unit).
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
©FFE
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Agenda

Idea of an Active Distribution Network

Consideration of Fluctuating Energy Conversion Processes

Implementation of a Micro CHP Virtual Power Plant

Using Flexible Applications within Households

Integration of el. Storage Systems

Results and Outlook
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Resulting Load Profile
250
200
load (kW)
150
100
50
0
-50
0:15
5:00
9:45
14:30
19:15
0:00
time
initial load
incl. PV, CHP-VPP, DSM and ESS
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
incl. PV, CHP-VPP and DSM
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Results and Outlook
20,00%
0,00%
-20,00%
-40,00%
-60,00%
share of feed-in by change of daily peak change in the
distributed energy
load
difference of daily
generation
peak and base load
incl. PV
incl. PV, CHP and DSM
incl. PV and CHP
incl. PV, CHP, DSM and ESS
Smart integration of decentralized power units via VPP combined
with strategies for DSM & El. Storage units could improve signifanctly
the further use of renewable energy resources and the reduction in
grid losses within distribution networks.
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Questions and Answers
Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Phillip Gronstedt
Working Group Energy Systems
Technische Universität Braunschweig
Institute for High Voltage Technology and Electrical Power Systems – elenia
Schleinitzstraße 23 | 38106 Braunschweig | Germany
Email:
p.gronstedt@tu-braunschweig.de
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
Simulation of PV feed in

30% of HC are using PVSystems with 7kWel

PV is implemented by a
physical model for solar
radiation and a stochastic
component for clouding and
shadowing effects

Parameter
PMPP
180 W
IMPP
7,55 A
UMPP
23,8 V
NOCT
48ºC
Measurements
166 x 83 x 50
cm (HxBxT)
Input: meteorological data


SIMULINK-Module
Meteomedia, Region
Braunschweig/Germany, Year 2009
Three different scenarios
partial
without with
forecasting
Ph. Gronstedt– Germany– RT Session 4– Paper 0279
Module Specifications