風力機性能與噪音量測簡介
報告人:區域研發服務處
中區技術開發與檢測組
2009/10/23
何 鎮 平
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Contents
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- Power performance measurements( IEC 61000-12-1)
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- Noise level measurements (IEC 61000-4-11)
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Wind energy
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Kinetic Energy = 0.5 x Mass x Velocity2
Mass/sec (kg/s) = Velocity (m/s) x Area (m2) x Density (kg/m3)
Power = 0.5 x Swept Area x Air Density x Velocity3
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wind turbine class
Small wind turbine : rotor sweep area < 200 ㎡
Class of wind turbine:
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Test standard of wind turbine
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•IEC/TS 61400-23 (2001-04)第1版
•IEC 61400-1 (2007-03)第3版
風力發電機組葉片全尺寸試驗
設計要求
•IEC/TR 61400-24 (2002-07)第1版
•IEC 61400-2 (2006-03)第2版
雷電防護
小風機設計要求
•IEC 61400-11 (2006-11) 2.1版
噪音測試技術
•IEC 61400-12-1 (2005-12)第2版
風力發電機功率特性測試
IEC/TS 61400-13 (2001-06)第1版
機械載荷測試
•IEC/TS 61400-14 (2005-03)第1版
表面聲功率級和音調值聲明
•IEC 61400-21 (2001-12)第1版
並網風力發電機組電能品質特性測試與評價
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Power performance measurements
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Wine turbine test site
Flat terrain
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Complex terrain
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Test site requirements: topographical variations
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Illustration of area to be assessed-1
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Illustration of area to be assessed - 2
the sectors to exclude when:
a) the meteorological mast is in the
wake of the wind turbine under test;
b) the meteorological mast is in the
wake of the neighbouring and
operating wind turbine;
c) the wind turbine is in the wake of the
neighbouring and operating wind
turbine;
d) the meteorological mast is in the
wake of the significant obstacle;
e) the wind turbine is in the wake of the
significant obstacle;
f) all of the above effects a) to e) are
combined.
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Find the right place for the met mast
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• None relevant obstacle
• None neighbouring other
turbines
• Flat area according to
the surrounding
• Possibility of placement
of mast (e.g Permission of
the land owner, building
permission etc.)
• Primary wind direction
•Limit of the sector due to
the reference turbine
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Installation of Anemometer on the mast-1
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Installation of Anemometer on the mast- 2
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Selection of anemometer (A, B and S)
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Class S specify the limit refer to the site S
Class A <1.7%
Class B and S < 2.5%
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Sensors in the turbine
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Power transducer:
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• 0.5 % accuracy
• current- and voltage transducer 0.5 % accuracy (better 0.2%)
• Air pressure, air temperature
• Wind vane (better than 5°)
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Other possibly additional signals
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• Pitch angle
• Rotor, shaft, generator speed e. c.
• Yaw sensor
• Status signal of the generator steps
data acquisition system having a sampling rate per channel of at least 1 Hz
Air temperature, air pressure, wind turbine status and precipitation, if
measured, may be sampled at a slower rate, but at least once per minute.
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Power performance measurement systems layout
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Database- General requirements
 Selected data sets shall at least cover a wind speed range
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85 % of the rated power of the wind turbine.
u The wind speed range shall be divided into 0,5 m/s contiguous
bins centred on multiples of 0,5 m/s.
 Database shall be considered complete when it has met the
following criteria:
u – each bin includes a minimum of 30 min of sampled data(preprocessed data shall be of 10min duration);
u – the database includes a minimum of 180 h of sampled data.
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Database- Small wind turbines
 Selected data sets shall at least cover a wind speed range
u extending from 1 m/s below cut-in to 14m/s.
u The wind speed range shall be divided into 0,5 m/s contiguous bins
centred on multiples of 0,5 m/s.
 Database shall be considered complete when it has met the following
criteria:
u – each bin includes a minimum of 10 min of sampled data (preprocessed data shall be of 1-min duration);
u – the database includes a minimum of 60 h of sampled data.
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Power performance test report-1
Scatter plot
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Power output plot
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Power performance test report - 2
Power coefficient (Cp)
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Estimated annual power production
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Noise level measurement of wind turbine
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聲波可依其波長不同而形成聲譜，共可分成三大部份:
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• 一、可聽見音(audible sound)，是指人耳可聽見
的聲音頻率範圍，約在20至20kHz之間;
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• 二、超低頻波(infrasound)，是在20Hz以下之聲
波，如地震波；
• 三、超音波(ultrasound)，是指在20kHz以上之
聲波。
• 人可聽到的聲音20~20,000Hz，感覺度較好的範圍
20~8000Hz
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聲音壓力位準（ Sound Pressure Level ）
以Lp或 SPL表示：
Lp＝20lg（p/p0）
Lp為聲壓位準，單位dB；p為有效聲壓，Pa
基準聲壓p0＝2×10－5 Pa。
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量測標準: IEC 61400-11:2002+A1:2006
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噪音分析儀要求
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A-weighted sound pressure level
The equipment shall fulfil the relevant requirements for IEC 60651
type 1 instrumentation in the 20 Hz to 11 200 Hz frequency range.
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厚度12mm 直徑 1m以上的木板 或是厚度 2.5mm以上金屬板
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1/3 octave band spectra
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45 Hz to 11 200 Hz
IEC 61260 for Class 1 filters.
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- Acoustic Measurements - What is to be Measured
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• Apparent sound power level (for propagation calculations and
turbine characterization)
• 3rd octave band levels (for propagation calculations)
• Tonality (necessary how bothering the noise consistence is)
• All values at the integer wind speeds 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 m/s relating
to 10 m height
• All further conspicuous noise characteristics
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Measurement Distance
Distances for noise and
meteorological measurements
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Measurement Positions
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Sound pressure report
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Spectrum of 1/3 octave
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金屬工業研究發展中心
台南縣七股鄉風力機測試實驗室
風力機測試場周邊景觀
風力機測試場配置圖
土地面積：40mx120m
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Any Question ?
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