Subject: Geography
For Class: IX & XI
PRESENTED BY:
ASHUTOSH KARASHARMA MISHRA
Address: (Personal)
At: Srikrisna Nagar
Po: Loisingha
Dist: Bolangir
Orissa-767020
Address: (Official)
At: JNV, Koraput
Po: OMP Line
Dist: Koraput
Orissa
Phone No:
9437146288
E-mail:
canyon_geo@yahoo.com
Tiger_sir@rediffmail.com
► Familiarize students with the terms, key
concepts and basic principles associated with
the climate of India.
► Provide them idea about the mechanism of
Indian
monsoon.
► Study the climate of India through the
understanding and analysis of local climate.
► Explore the causative factor of the spatial
variations in the climate of the country.
► Understand and analyze the variation of
climatic phenomenon in the cycle of seasons.
► Make students aware of the change in climate
(global warming) at local level to understand it
at national and global level.
Watch Out Weather News…………….
Hot weather season
Cold Weather Season
Four Videos Embedded:
Monsoon season
Tropical Cyclone
Please right click over the dark square to choose Play or Stop one after another.
CONTENTS OF THE LESSON
Part-I
Climatic Diversity of India
Part-II
Factors Affecting Climate of India
Part-III
Rhythm of Seasons
Part-IV
Distribution of Rainfall
Part-V
Change of Climate
Please click on the box to navigate to the pages
Why does weather change
spatially & temporally?
Let us examine…
Drass -450C in
December night
Tawang 190C in
June
550C temperature
in June
Thar desert
Diurnal range of
temperature 300C
Jaisalmer receives
9cm rainfall
Tiruvanantapuram &
Chennai 200C in
December night
Cherrapunji &
Mawsynram have
1080cm rain
Kerala Diurnal
range of
temperature 80C
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA
MORE DIVERSITIES…………………..
Churu in Rajasthan records a
temperature of 50°C or more
on a June day.
Snow
fall
over
the
Himalayas.
Most parts of India receives
rainfall during June to
September.
Tura of Meghalaya receives
rainfall in a single day is
equal to the total rainfall of
Ten years in Jaisalmer of
Rajastan.
It is 19°C in Tawang
(Arunachal Pradesh) on the
same day.
Only rainfall over rest of
India.
Tamilnadu coast remains dry
during these months.
Very low rainfall in North west
Himalayas
and
western
Rajastan which is equal to
10cm per year.
MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA
► Lets divide the class into five groups namely A, B, C,
D and E.
► Collect the data of temperature and rainfall of different
cities of India from web site www.allrainfallreports.com
.
► Collect the rainfall and temperature data of your town
and compare it with the data of other cities of India.
► Make a comparative study of temperature and rainfall
data of different districts of Orissa. (SourceClimatological survey of Orissa 1987-2003 & District
statistical handbooks)
► Write about the climate of your district and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com .
► Make a power point presentation of all the activities
you have done.
CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE
RELATED TO LOCATION
& RELIEF
•Latitude
RELATED TO AIR
PRESSURE & WIND
Surface pressure & wind
•Altitude
•Relief
•Distance from Sea
•The Himalayan Mt.
•Distribution of Land & water
Upper air circulation
Western cyclones
FAQ
LATITUDE
FAQ
High range
of Temp
High Temp
Low range
EQUATORIAL REGION
THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER
DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER
FAQ
HIGH PRESSURE
IN WINTER
ARABIAN
SEA
INDIAN OCEAN
BAY OF
BENGAL
DISTANCE FROM SEA
SIMLA
DELHI
KOLKOTA
MUMBAI
CHENNAI
Coastal areas have equable climate where as
Interior parts have extreme climate.
ALTITUDE
FAQ
Temperature decreased
from low to high altitude
HIGH ALTITUDE
AGRA
160C in Jan
DARJILING
40C in January
LOW ALTITUDE
RELIEF
FAQ
Receives high
rainfall
Receives low
rainfall
SURFACE WIND
POLAR HIGH
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
NORTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE
SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE
SOUTH-EAST
TRADE WIND
SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
POLAR HIGH
JET STREAM IN WINTER
TIBET
JET STREAM IN SUMMER
WESTERN DISTURBANCE
EL-NINO EFFECTS
FAQ
1990
Delay in
Monsoon
Equatorial Warm
Current
El-Nino
Homboldt Cold
Current
SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
Tahiti
Darwin
Prepare a ppt. answering the following:
► Collect the data on the effect of El-nino over
different parts of world and prepare a presentation
and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Explain the factors affecting the climate of your
region in a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com
page.
► Invite your friends to your www.think.com or
www.epal.com site to explain about the climate of
their region.
► Explain how jet stream affect the climate of India in
word/pdf file and upload it to the suitable web page.
► Compare how relief affect the climate of your region.
CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
RHYTHM OF SEASONS
HOT WEATHER
COLD WEATHER
RETREATING MONSOON
SOUTH WEST MONSOON
Let us discuss each of them individually
COLD WEATHER SEASON
► It
extends
from
December to February.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards
southern
hemisphere.
► North India experiences
intense cold where as
this season is not well
defined in south India.
► Light wind blow makes
this season pleasant in
south India.
► Occasional
tropical
cyclone visit eastern
coast in this season.
Tropical Cyclone
Rhythm of Seasons
TEMPERATURE- JANUARY
100C`
150C
200C
200C
250C
200C
200C
250C
Rhythm of Seasons
PRESSURE- JANUARY
HIGH
PRESSURE
1014
Rhythm of Seasons
WIND DIRECTION- WINTER
Bay of Bengal
Rhythm of Seasons
WINTER RAINFALL
RAINFALL DUE
TO WESTERN
DISTURBANCES
RAINFALL DUE
TO NORTH EAST
WIND
Rhythm of Seasons
HOT WEATHER SEASON
► It extends from March
to May.
► Vertical sun rays shift
towards
Northern
hemisphere.
► Temperature
rises
gradually from south
to north.
► Highest Temperature
experiences
in
Karnataka in March,
Madhya Pradesh in
April and Rajastan in
May.
May 480C
April 380C
March 300C
Rhythm of Seasons
TEMPERATURE- JULY
250C
300C
Rhythm of Seasons
PRESSURE- JULY
Rhythm of Seasons
STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON
FAQ
BARDOLI
CHHEERHA
LOO
KALBAISAKHI
MANGO
SHOWER
BLOSSOM
SHOWER
Rhythm of Seasons
SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON
► It extends from June
to September.
► Intense heating in
north
west
India
creates low pressure
region.
► Low pressure attract
the wind from the
surrounding region.
► After having rains for
a few days sometime
monsoon
fails
to
occur for one or more
weeks is known as
break in the monsoon.
HIGH
LOW
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
Rhythm of Seasons
MONSOON WIND
Arabian sea
Branch
Bay of Bengal
Branch
INTER TROPICAL
EQUATOR
CONVERGENCE ZONE
Rhythm of Seasons
ONSET OF SW MONSOON
Rhythm of Seasons
RETREATING MONSOON SEASON
► It extends from October
to November
► Vertical sun rays start
shifting
towards
Northern hemisphere.
► Low pressure region
shift from northern parts
of India towards south.
► Owing to the conditions
of high temperature and
humidity, the weather
becomes
rather
oppressive.
This
is
commonly known as the
‘October heat’
LOW PRESSURE
Rhythm of Seasons
WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON
Rhythm of Seasons
Prepare a ppt. answering the following:
► Explain the seasonal difference of climate of your
region in a word/pdf file and upload it to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Search friends from different parts of India and
seek their comments and compare the seasonal
difference in climate of different parts of India by
using www.think.com.
► Prepare an analysis of yearly temperature and
rainfall data by using different graphs and upload it
to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
► Collect photographs of monsoon and upload to
www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL
> 200cm
100-200cm
50-100 cm
< 50cm
VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL
► The variability of rainfall is
computed with the help of
the following formula:
C.V.= Standard Deviation/
Mean * 100
► Variability of less than 25%
exist in Western coasts,
Western
Ghats,
northeastern
peninsula,
eastern plain of the Ganga,
northern India, Uttaranchal,
SW J & K & HP.
► Variability of more then 50%
found in Western Rajastan,
J & K and interior parts of
Deccan.
► Region with high rainfall has
less variability.
Prepare a power point presentation answering
the following:
►Why there is variation of rainfall in different
parts of India? Explain in a word/pdf file and
upload.
►Calculate the variability of rainfall of your
region.
►Compare the variability of rainfall with the total
rainfall of your region.
►Measure the rainfall in your school and record
it in a spread sheet for analysis.
►Read out the rainfall and temperature data of
your school daily in the morning assembly.
CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
CLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WORMING
FLOOD
FOREST
FIRE
SPREAD OF
TROPICAL
DISEASES
INCREASE IN
GREEN HOUSE
GASES
SEA LEVEL
RISE
RISE
IN
TEMPERATURE
TSUNAMI &
EARTHQUAKE
EXCESSIVE
SUN STROKE
LOSS OF
BIODIVERSITY
SINKING
COAST
SOME INTERESTING FACTS
► Temperature increased by 0.60C in 20th century.
► Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within
1995 to 2006.
► Annual rate of increase of CO2 is 1.9ppm after
1995.
► Concentration of methane increased from
700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present and
Nitrous Oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb where as
CFC increased from zero to 533ppb.
► Rising of temperature to 30C will lead to melting
of all ice on earth surface and sea level rise upto
15 feet.
► Existence of large cities like Venis, Bankok,
Sanghai, Kolkota and Dhaka will be in danger.
FAQ
CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA
► India has long coast line
and rise of sea level will
submerge large area.
► A population of 7.1
million living in coastal
areas will be affected.
► Production of crops like
wheat, rice etc will
decrease.
► The natural disasters
like cyclone, floods and
drought will increase in
frequency as well as
intensity.
KOLKOTA
MUMBAI
CHENNAI
WHAT CAN BE DONE???
►Switch off the light, fan, TV and other
energy using gadgets when they are not in
use.
►Do not use those equipments that pollute or
consume more energy.
►create public awareness.
►use renewable energy resources like solar,
wind, biomass etc.
►International
conferences
like
Earth
Summit, 1992, Kyoto protocol, Copenhegen
summit, 2009 are some steps to bring
consensus for crusade against Climate
Change.
► Ask elders of your family or village about their
perception of change in climate and explain it in
a
word/pdf
file
and
upload
it
to
www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com .
► Give an analysis of change in temperature of
your region by collecting data of fifteen years
from climatological survey of orissa.
► Explain what you can do to reduce the impact of
climate change.
► Ask your friends through www.think.com about
their contribution to reduce the impact of climate
change.
► Prepare a power point presentation explaining
all above.
CLICK ON ICON TO
DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. Name the factors affecting climate of
India
.
Answer
2. What is meant by El-nino?
Answer
3. Why the south western part of
peninsular India receives high rainfall?
Answer
4. Name the important green house gases.
Answer
5. How altitude affects climate?
Answer
6. How distance from sea affect climate?
Answer
7. What is meant by mango shower?
Answer
8. What is meant by Inter Tropical
Convergence Zone?
Answer
EVALUATION RUBRIC
Sl
No.
Evaluation
points
Excellent
Very Good
Good
1
Participation
of all members
of the group
All the members have
participated
(5 Marks)
Some Members have
participated.
(3 Marks)
Few members have
participated.
(2 Marks)
2
Efficient use
of technology
in selflearning
Technology used for
presentation, collection of
information and
understanding.
(5 Marks)
Technology used for
presentation and collection
of information.
(3 Marks)
Technology used for
presentation only.
(2 Marks)
3
Collection of
new
information
Information collected are new,
relevant and latest.
(5 Marks)
Information collected are
new and relevant.
(3 Marks)
Information collected are
new only.
(2 Marks)
Presentation
of Topic in the
classroom
Presentation of topic was clear,
able to clarify doubts and with
proper flow of topic.
(5 Marks)
Presentation of topic was
clear and able to clarify
doubts.
(3 Marks)
Presentation of topic was
clear only.
(2 Marks)
Development
of Innovative
Thinking
Innovation in presentation,
collection of new information
and use of technology.
(5 Marks)
Innovation in presentation
and collection of new
information.
(3 Marks)
Innovation in
presentation only.
(2 Marks)
Total
25
15
10
4
5
Mark
Obtained
Evaluate the classroom presentation of other groups and assign marks.
CITATION
► Abraham, K.R.; Dash, S.K. and Mohanty, U.C., 1996: Simulation of
monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography;
Mausam, 47, 235-248.
► Ashok K., S. Lizuka, S.A Rao, N. H. Saji and W. Lee, 2009 :
Processes and boreal summer impacts of the 2004 El Nino Modoki: An
AGCM study. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L04703,
doi:10.1029/2008GL036313, 1-5.
► Bannerji, S. K., 1950 : Methods of forecasting monsoon and winter
rainfall in India. Ind. J. Met. and Geophys., 4, 343-346.
► Bhalme, H.N. and Jadhav, S.K., 1984: The southern oscillation and its
relation to the monsoon rainfall. J.Climatol., 4, 509-520.
► Krishnakumar V. and K. -M. Lau, 1997 : Symmetric Instability of
Monsoon Flows. Tellus 49 A, 228-245.
► Physical Geography of India, NCERT, class-IX
► Economic & Commercial Geography of India, C.B. Memoria.
► Regional Geography of India, R.L. Singh.
► www.imd.gov.in
► http://tinyurl.com/q4a6mg
► http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4755025.cms
► http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ost/climate/STIP
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Heartiest Thanks to
Mr. S. K. Tripathy, Principal
JNV, Koraput
Mr. R. P. Maharana, TGTEnglish, JNV, Koraput
Project Learning, Microsoft,
for providing me training.