Football Canada Official Certification Program
Level 1
Lesson 1
Introduction
Why We Need You (Officials)
2
Introduction
Why We Need You (Officials)
topics
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History of Officiating
Structure of Football Officiating In Canada
1) Football Canada
2) Canadian Football Officials Association - CFOA
3) Officials Technical Committee - OTC
4) Provincial Associations
5) Local FOA s
Football Canada Officials’ Certification Program-FCOCP
1) Aims
2) FCOCP Certification
ii) Requirements
3) FCOCP progression
i) Levels
Roles played by an Official
Video – You Have to Love it When they Boo
Qualities of a Competent official
3
A brief History of Officiating
“Officials” and other “intermediaries” are part of the history of
sports
Officials have been an accepted component of every sport
competition on record
The following excerpt dates from the 14th century, “All things are
reduced to nothingness and uncertainty without a ruler (official)”
The word “referee” is an extension of “REFER” and is defined as
follows “to submit to an authority for consideration, help, decision
and action.”
The one referred to could be anyone appointed of selected by the
sport body involved.
The terms of reference applied to “officials” in circles of law have
been passed down to “officials” in sport competitions. The latter
interpret and apply the “laws” of the game
4
A brief History of Officiating
continued
•England was the first nation to recognize the
need for sport “officials”.
•Their introduction into sport occurred during the
early 1800’s when it accepted that competitions,
which were hotly contested, should be under the
jurisdiction of a third party.
•Some 20 years later, “officials” were introduced
into North American sports
5
Structure of Football
Officiating in Canada
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Football Canada
CFOA
OTC
Provincial Associations
Local FOA
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Football Canada Official’s Certification
Program (FCOCP) Aims
1.
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3
4
Standardization of
Positioning
Mechanics
Rules Knowledge
Rules Interpretation
Rules Application
National Recognition
Improve Image of Officials
Improve Confidence
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FCOCP Certification Levels
Level I
New Official – Sides – Minor & H.S.
Level II
Sides – Minor & H.S.
Umpire – Minor & H.S.
Level III
Umpire – Minor & H.S.
Referee – Minor & H.S.
Introduction to 5 – Official System – Back Umpire – H.S.
Level IV
Work any Positions – Minor & H.S.
Introduction to 6 – Official System – CIS & CJFL ( Use a 7 official crew as
the CFL)
8
Certification Requirements
• Theory Clinic (s)
• Written Examinations
• On Field Evaluation
• Data to Football Canada
• Certification Maintenance
• Official’s Transfer
9
FCOCP Progression
A. Progress from Level to Level by each of the various
positions
Or
B. Progress from Level to Level by a given position
(I.e. specialize in one or two positions)
10
FCOCP Progression Chart
Level IV
Level III
Level II
Level I
Referee
Umpire
Deep
Referee
Umpire
Deep
Umpire
Sides
Sides
Sides
Sides
6 Officials
5 Officials
3 or 4 Officials
3 or 4 Officials
11
A Philosophy of Officiating
STOP
Before proceeding print a copy of worksheet 1
Do Lesson 1 Worksheet as directed
Watch the Video “You have to love it when they Boo”
Complete the worksheet as directed.
12
Roles of an Official
• As the action and tempo of a game in progress
can change,the official must assume several
different roles, depending upon the particular
circumstances. According to the particular
situation, it may be necessary for the official to
assume partially the following roles:
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Educator
Salesman
Psychologist
Statesman
Qualities of a Competent Official
For a detailed explanation of each term , click the i button
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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9.
10.
11.
12.
Reaction Time
Confidence (Poise)
Consistency
Judgment
Hustle
Decisiveness
Courage
Be Objective
Positive Rapport
Know the Rules
Look the Part
Know Position, Duties & Mechanics
14
Policies to Follow
Why do we need capable officials to guide the game?
Officials should be guided by the overall aim of causing the game to progress smoothly with
as little interference as possible. The essential ingredients of effective officiating are

Rule Knowledge

Integrity

Sound Relationships

Primary Concern – The Athlete
What are the benefits of of being a competent official?
15
The Job of Officials
• Smooth Flow to Game
• Game played within the Rules
• Little Interference
• Prevent Fouls
• Make the “Calls”
16
Getting Ahead as an Official
“Reach for the Top”
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Set Goals
Set Deadlines
Learn from Others
Overcome Restrictions
Accept Challenges
Support is Needed
Look the Part
Learn from Mistakes
Positive Attitude
• Hard Work
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Keys to Getting Ahead
• Watch Others
• Ask Questions
• Participate
• Study and Learn
• Be Prepared
18
Lesson 1 Worksheet
• Compete the worksheet for Lesson 1 ,
revise your answers and submit answers.
• Contact facilitator if you have any
questions or concerns @
19
Lesson 2
Getting Started
Why is Appearance Important
The Uniform
- Parts of the official uniform
- Additional equipment
- Care of equipment and uniform
The Arrival
- When to arrive
- Meeting the Crew
- Pre Game Officials’ Meeting
20
Why is Appearance Important
• A a sales slogan for a razor company stated: “Look Sharp-Feel
Sharp-Be Sharp”
• The slogan represents excellent advice to sports officials
• “Be Sharp” suggests that an official react quickly, hustle and display
good judgment and mechanics.
• “Look sharp” – an official who reports for duty in an unkempt, dirty
or soiled uniform does not inspire the confidence of the players and
coaches, or his fellow officials. Such officials start the game at a
disadvantage.
• BE NEAT,CLEAN AND IN FULL UNIFORM WHEN REPORTING
FOR A GAME ASSIGNMENT
The entire officiating crew is judged by its
appearance on first sight. Don’t you be the one to let
the crew down
21
Getting Ready
Do You Have All Your Equipment?
Lanyard whistle also
Do you have the right coloured hat (referee needs white hat all other
officials need a black hat, ? Rain wear, cold weather gear?
Make sure all your equipment is clean , have clean white shoe laces
and polished shoes. Have everything ready before you go to the
game
22
Official Uniform
Whistle with
lanyard
White
hat for
Referee
Black hat
for all
positions
except
Referee
Association
crest
23
Official Uniform
Hat-white for Referee
All other official have
a black hat
Flag in back
pocket or
side
FOA crest
Black Belt
Bean Bag
White socks
Stirrup
socks
White shoe
laces
24
Official Uniform
Inclement Weather Wear
Warm Up Jacket
-Black Jacket with CFOA crest on left side of chest
Extreme Cold
-Black turtle neck under regulation jersey
-neutral coloured hand wear
-plain black toques (white for Referee) being replaced by
black balaclava also called weather hoods
Warm weather
-determined by FOA( if used all officials in game must dress the
same).
-white shorts
-mesh type open weave short sleeve sweater
-knee high socks
25
Inclement Weather Wear
Local FOA
crest
CFOA crest
on left side chest high
Black Jacket
Gloves
26
Official Uniform
Inclement Weather Wear
continued
Rain wear
-clear plastic or regulation stripped apparel
Helpful Hints
For Wet and /or cold weather
1) A cleaner’s plastic bag , or green garbage bag, with holes cut for
head and arms, and worn under jersey helps an official keep dry
and warm.
2) A plastic bread bag or shirt bag worn on the feet will keep the
feet dry and warm
27
Additional Equipment
Bean Bag –used to mark spots such as point kick is received
Downs counter - paced on wrist and finger to help remember what down
it is.
Watch
- Umpire needs one for timing time outs and knowing when
first half ended and when second half will start (duty to
inform the Referee)
28
Additional Equipment
Clip - used in measurements and when moving the yard sticks at the
end of the first and third quarter .
- types –orange ribbon with clasp
- circular shows yardage where clip is attached.
-rectangular cloth strip with or
without yard markings
Additional Equipment
continued
Hat holders
- plastic hat carrier helps keep hat ‘s shape
- plastic ball cap washer
Pressure Gauge - used to measure air pressure in ball
Tape measure
- used to measure dimensions of the ball
Rule Book and Case Book
-issued every two years with rule updates in between
-probably the most important piece of equipment you
need. You’ll wear it more than your uniform. (read it so
much that it seem part of your apparel
30
Care and Maintenance
General Principles
(For complete details read article in Support Materials- Care and Maintenance of Equipment)
1. Clean equipment as soon as possible
2. Never let soiled equipment dry
3. Use cold water
4. Air dry where possible
5. Never use chlorine bleach
31
Care and Maintenance
Specific Care
Cap
– Sweat band
– Soil spots
– Block
– Plastic ball cap washer
Shirt, Pants, Socks, Flag
– Cold water wash
– Plastic bags for wet uniform
– Pre-soak Detergent boosters (as recommended)
_ Heavily soiled treatment
– Check and rewash before drying
– Air dry
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Care and Maintenance Specific Care
Shoes
– Between season care
– Clean off dust, lime, mud – clear water
– Air dry
– Use good polish
– Occasionally oil or silicon spray
Laces
– Must be white
– Wash well
– Cotton laces – chlorine bleach
33
Care and Maintenance
Specific Care
Flag
– Clean, good condition
– Orange
Whistle
– Clean, inspect
– Always carry spare
Good Care and Maintenance = $
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The Arrival
35
The Arrival
• When should an official arrive at the game
location prior to the start of a game?
• One hour prior to start if not in uniform
• One half hour prior to start if dressed
36
Meeting the Crew
• Upon arrival proceed to dressing room or timer’s bench
• Introduce yourself and identify position you will be
working
• This allows you to know the crew and to identify your
working partner
37
Pre Game Meeting
5 minutes prior to start of the Game
• Following the Head Linesman instructing the stick crew
and the Line Judge and Back Umpire conducting field
and player inspections, these officials will meet with the
Referee and Umpire
• The Head Linesman will confirm Yard Stick Crew is in
place.
• Line Judge and Back Umpire will report field conditions
and player equipment concerns
• The Umpire will review special plays or numbering
problems.
• The Umpire will provide numbers of captains, kicker
punter and holders
• The Referee will provide direction to deal with any
concerns that may arise
38
Lesson 2
Getting Started
Worksheet
• Complete worksheet for Lesson two and
submit as directed
39
Lesson 3
The Head Linesman
40
The Head Linesman
1. Yardstick Responsibility
-Duties
- Locating the Stick Crew
-Checking the Yardsticks , chain and pickets, downs box
2. Instructing the Yardstick Crew
-Positioning of Downs box
-Positioning of the Sticks
-Placement of the Clip
-Moving the Downs Box/changing the Down
-Play moving toward the Yard Stick Crew
-First down or score
-Talking to Yardstick Crew
3. Measurements
4. Moving the yardsticks at the end of the First and Third Quarters
5. Half time and end of game
41
Head Linesman
• The Head Linesman is responsible for the
supervision of the Yard Stick Crew –
Downs Man and Linesmen (stick holders)
• The Head Linesman insures that:
• The Yard Sticks are placed properly under
the direction of the Referee
• An accurate count of downs is kept to
assist the Referee
42
Locating the Stick Crew
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If not supplied by your association, contact the home team 30 minutes
before game to insure they help you to obtain a stick crew.
Once a crew is obtained proceed with the crew and the yardsticks and
downs marker to the side of the field they will be located at the start of the
game.
If benches are on same side of field- sticks are located on the opposite
side of the field.
If the benches are located on opposite sides of the field, alternate the
location of the sticks.
-First Half
– locate on the Home Team’s side of the field.
-Second Half
- locate on the Visiting Team’s side of the field.
Advise the crew to be impartial and refrain from comments to teams and
officials. They are part of the officiating team.
43
44
Checking the Yard Sticks ,Chain,
and Sticks
• Stretch out the chain and
check to make sure the
distance between the
sticks is exactly ten yards
• Make sure the downs box
has downs 1,2 and 3.
• If a 4th down is attached
make sure the Downs
Man is aware of this to
avoid showing the wrong
down
45
Checking Length of Yardsticks
Stretching the Chain
Instructing the Yard Stick Crew
Positioning of Downs box
• Position the downs box First
• Place the downs box in line with the
forward tip of the ball
• Help this placement using placement of
your foot so that your toe is inline with the
forward tip of the ball
48
Instructing the Yard Stick Crew
Initial Positioning of Pickets
• First insure the Downs Box is
in the proper place.
• Place the back picket
• (starting picket) directly
BEHIND the Downs Box.
Place so that the stick and
Downs Box are perpendicular
to the ground (should not be
able to see the back stick.
• Stretch out the chain tightly (no
knots or kinks) so that the
forward stick marks the ten
yards required to make a first
down
49
Positioning of Downs Box and
Yardsticks
50
Placement of the Clip
• Location of the clip is on the back of the five yard
stripe closest to the back stick (start of the 10
yards).
• At the minor levels clip would be placed on chain
only when a measurement is required
• At the Junior, University and Professional (CFL)
levels the clip is placed at the start of each set of
downs by the back stick holder
51
Movement of the Downs box and
changing of the of the down
• The Downs Man must pay close attention
to every play to be aware if a penalty flag
has been thrown
• If a penalty flag has been thrown DO NOT
MOVE THE DOWNS BOX OR CHANGE
THE DOWN . Make sure the sticks do not
move
52
Movement of the Downs box and
changing of the of the down
• If no penalty the Downs Man waits until
the play is whistled dead and the head
linesman indicates the location of the next
down.
• Move the downs box so that it is placed in
line with the forward point of the ball
• Change the down on the downs box after
the Referee has signaled the next down
(relayed by the Head linesman)
53
Play Moving Toward the Stick
Crew
• Advise the Stick Crew to lay the sticks and
downs box down off the playing field (at
the correct location) and move quickly out
of the way of oncoming players and
officials
54
First Down or Score
• Encourage the Stick Crew to HUSTLE to the next location (let
them know after a score)
• Set an example by your hustle.
• The pace of the game is highly effected by the movement of
the Yardstick Crew
• Following a convert
– One stick holder will set up the kickoff
– The other stick holder will retrieve the ball after the convert
55
Talk to the Yardstick Crew
• During the game talk to the crew to keep
them involved
• Provide praise and encouragement to
keep them on task
56
Measurements
• When a measurement is requested
the Head Linesman will:
• Tell the Downs Man not to move
(stay at the PLS) or change the
down
• Place the clip on the first 5 yard
stripe closest to the rear picket.
• Instruct the rear stickman to pick
up the clip and hold it in his hand
when the yardsticks are taken on
to the field
• Tell stick holders to wait until you
have marked the location of the
forward stick with your foot and tell
them to proceed
57
Measurements
Ball boy will
give ball to back
judge
Umpire
will get
forward
picket
Back
picket
holder
will pick
up clip
and carry
it in
Head
linesman
marks
forward picket
Referee holding the ball
at spot
Back official
holds back
picket
58
Moving the Sticks at the End of
the First and Third Quarters
• Note the location (yardage) and next down
• Make sure the Downs Man changes the down and knows the
yardage of the next down
• Place the clip on the rear of the closest 5 yard line to the rear
stick
• Instruct the rear stick holder to pick up the clip and move
ahead of the forward stick holder and proceed down field
• Proceed down field to the location where the clip was placed at
the other end of field
• Place the clip down and have the yard sticks stretched out.
• The Back Umpire will assist and make sure downs box is
placed at the location of the next down
• VERIFY WITH REFEREE
59
Half Time and End Of Game
Half time
•
•
Thank the Yardstick Crew for their good work and remind them to be back
on the field five minutes before the end of half time.
Join crew for half time meeting
End of Game
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•
Have the crew wind up the chain and
leave the sticks and downs box by the
Timer’s bench
Thank the crew for their efforts
Join the other officials and proceed to
dressing room or timer’s bench for
post game meeting
60
Lesson 3 Worksheets
• Complete the worksheets for lesson 3
• The Head Linesman
• Measurements
• Quarter changes and the Yard Sticks
• Submit answers as directed
61
Lesson 4
THE LINE JUDGE
Where are
the yard
lines?
Place
goal
posts
here
62
Lesson 4
Line Judge
1. Pre Game Duties
-Field inspection
-Player inspection
2. Getting the Captains and Counting Players
63
FIELD INSPECTION
• The Line Judge will carry out an inspection of
the playing field and end zones
• Check for the following field markings
• Five yard markings starting with 55 at centre
field and decreasing by 5 moving toward each
end zone.
• Yard markers are set back from the sideline
• Double line thickness for the 35 and 45 yard
lines
64
FIELD INSPECTION
FLEXIBLE MARKER
PLACED AT THE GOAL
LINE AND SIDE LINE
INTERSECTION
CONSIDERED OUT OF
BOUNDS
YARDAGE
PAINTED ON
FIELD
REFERED
TO AS THE
NUMBERS
HASH
MARKS 24
YARDS IN
FROM EACH
SIDE LINE
5 YARD
FIELD
MARKING
STRIPES
FIELD YARD MARKERS SHOULD BE PLACED OUT OF BOUNDS- PERFERABLY 5 YARDS AWAY
65
FIELD INSPECTION
• Hash marks 24 yards in from each sideline
• Goal post padding (Game CAN NOT START until) in
place
• Dead ball line is 20 yards back from the goal line.
• Flexible markers are located at the intersections of the
goal line and sidelines and the end zone sideline and
dead ball line
• Fields with track around them , the deadline should be
marked at least one foot inside the curb
• Side lines are marked and clearly visible
66
Checking the Goal Posts
• The Goal Posts
• Wish bone style or
the two upright goal
posts must be padded
or the game can not
start.
67
Player Inspection
The following equipment is mandatory and
shall be worn by all players. It shall be
designed and manufactured by a
professional manufacturer, and shall
not be altered in any way which will
decrease the protection of the player
* Soft knee pads, ½ inch thick, worn over
the knees and cover by the pants.
* Thigh guards.
* Hip pads with tailbone protector.
* Shoulder pads.
*Mouth guard, protecting the teeth and
* lips, as specified in Article 3
*Shoes which meet specifications in
Article (1—11)
Check for casts, taping and tinted visors
Uniform is worn as required by the league
68
Getting the Team Captains
• The Head Linesman is responsible for getting the
HOME team
• The Line Judge is responsible for getting the VISITING
team
-Prior to the meeting with the captains at the
Referee’s quest
-At end of the half proceed 5 minutes before
end of the half to respective teams to insure
captains receive a 3 minute warning.
• During the game
-Head Linesman counts the Home team players
-Line Judge counts the Visiting team players
69
Lesson 5
SCRIMMAGE PLAY ZONES
AND
MOVEMENTS
70
Lesson 5
SCRIMMAGE PLAY ZONES
and Movements
1. Line of Scrimmage
2. Neutral Zone
3. Line of Scrimmage- Team A requirements
Use when coming
back from Lesson 9
to review To return to
Lesson 9
4. Team A movement at the Line of Scrimmage
5. Lineman stances
6. The Centre
7. The Centre on Kicking plays
8. Close line Area play
9. Crack back block zone
10.Crack back Block
11.Illegal procedure
12.Offside
13.Holding /illegal use of hands
71
Line of Scrimmage and Neutral Zone
Line of Scrimmage
Neutral zone
The Line of Scrimmage is an imaginary line , extending
from sideline to sideline, parallel to the goal line and
passing through the point of the ball furthest from Team
A’s goal line
72
The Neutral Zone
Neutral zone
1 yard
is one yard ahead
of the line of
scrimmage from
side line to
sideline. All
defensive players
must give a yard
prior to the snap
73
of the ball
Line of Scrimmage
Team A Requirements
Must have an eligible number at each end of the line
5 ineligible
numbered players
in a continuous
unbroken line
within 1 yard of
the line of
scrimmage
Linemen must
pause 1 second
before ball is
snapped
Line of
Scrimmage
Eligible
receiver at end
74
Team A Movement At the Line of
Scrimmage
ENDS
A player who, at the snap of the ball is occupying a position at either end of the line of
scrimmage may be in motion within 1 yard of the line of scrimmage but must not be
moving towards his opponent’s goal line when the ball is put into play
End
Ends may move along
L of S away from the ball
End
Ends may move along
L of S toward ball
BACKFIELD PLAYERS
A Team A player wearing eligible numbers 1-39 or 70 – 99 who is in motion from a backfield
position may be within one yard of the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped
Back can not stop
at the L of S must
be moving forward
75
LINEMAN STANCE
TWO POINT
STANCE CAN
CHANGE
STANCE EG
3 POINT
STANCE BUT
MUST BE
MOTIONLESS
FOR 1 SECOND
PRIOR TO THE
SNAP OF THE
BALL
3 POINT STANCE
CAN NOT CHANGE
STANCE ONCE
ASSUMED
76
The Centre
1. The centre must face the direction of the opponents goal
line
2. To snap the ball, the center must:
-snap the ball between his legs
-snap must be in one continuous motion from toe to
heel
3 The ball MUST leave the centre’s hand
4. Once the centre places one or both hands on the ball he
must snap the ball (illegal procedure if he changes
places with another player.
5.Rotating the ball or placing the hand underneath allowed
(no movement to draw opponent offside –penalty
6. Centre may take his hands off the ball and rise to talk to
the Quarter back provide no misleading tactics to draw
Team B offside.
7 Once punting snap motion is established Team B can not
challenge the motion.
77
CENTRE ON KICKING PLAYS
On all kick plays from scrimmage (punts, field goal attempts, and converts) it is illegal
to contact the centre on, or within one yard on either side of the line of scrimmage
Penalty:L15, PLS, PBD-AFD
78
CLOSE LINE PLAY AREA
TACKLE TO TACKLE
CLOSE PLAY AREA
IS 2 YARDS ON
EITHER SIDE OF
THE LINE OF
SCRIMMAGE
ON ANY PLAY,BLOCKING BELOW THE WAIST IS ILLEGAL EXCEPT IN THE CLOSE
LINE PLAY AREA BY A WHO IS OCCUPING A POSITION IN THIS AREA AT THE SNAP
79
OF THE BALL
CRACK BACK ZONE
BACKTO TEAM A DEAD BALL LINE
5 YARDS IN
ADVANCE OF
THE LINE OF
SCRIMMAGE
80
CRACK BACK BLOCK
Any A player who, before or after the snap, is more than 3 yds outside the Close
Line Play Area, and moves toward the ball, may not block below the waist from 5
yds ahead of the LS back to the A dead line. (7-3)
81
Applying What You Learned
3.What should
2 Watch the action
the official be
looking for as
the two slot
backs on the
left run their
patterns
is it okay?
The block is completed below the waist
five yards beyond the L of S .Is it Legal?
Click to start motion
T
G
C
G
T
E
QB
2
E
of the slot (red) back
1.What is the call if the
back stops at the L of S?
4.a)What must happen for the end’s motion to be legal?
b) What should the side official be watching for in the
block made on the Team B player?
ILLEGAL PROCEDURE
A Team A Foul
Flag play
–inappropriate numbering of line players
- player on line did not report as ineligible
- no end
Flag and Whistle play
• Team A linemen move prior to the ball being snapped must
pause 1 second
• Team A line player (except the center) after assuming a 3or 4 point
stance ,may not legally move his head, arms, hands or feet until the
ball is snapped
• Center breaks his 3 or 4 point stance to allow another player to
become center
83
OFFSIDE
No player of either team shall encroach on the neutral zone on a play from
scrimmage when the ball is into play.
A player from either team who crosses the line of scrimmage and makes
contact with any opponent, before the snap of the ball, is offside.
A B player who goes offside and breaks the plane of the line of scrimmage,
even without contact, shall be called offside and the play stopped
immediately.
Penalty—loss 5 yds, down repeated. Yardage penalty may be declined. (4-2) 84
OFFSIDE
NO CONTACT
GETS
BACK
On the neutral zone—Defensive No. 55 encroaches without
breaking the plane of the LS, or making contact—and gets back
before the snap of the ball. No foul. (4-2)
85
Use of Hands and Arms
Legal Use
1) May used to tackle the ball carrier
2) In blocking for run and pass plays provided:
a) hands are slightly behind the elbows, even with the elbows, or in
advance of he elbows.
b)The arms may be fully extended
c)The hands shall be open, with the palms facing an opponent, or
cupped or closed with the palms not facing an opponent.
87
Use of Hands and Arms
Illegal Use :
1) The hands and arms are not to be used :
- in a striking or punching manner
- to grasp , pull, encircle, lift and opponent
-to lock ,hook or clamp an opponent
2) the hand may not be clasped or locked .
88
Illegal use of Hands and Arms
Sometimes the hold is hard to
detect
Arm bar or hook
Grasping an opponent
Can you identify five more ways the use of
hand or arms is illegal ?
89
Lesson 5
Worksheets
• Complete the booklet You Make the Call
Action at the Line of Scrimmage
• Submit answers as directed
90
Lesson 6
DUTIES
PRIOR TO START OF PLAY, DURING THE
PLAY
AND BETWEEN PLAY
91
DUTIES PRIOR TO START OF PLAY AND
BETWEEN PLAY
1. Signals-Prior to start of play
- Ready for kick off
6. Ball Retrieval
7. Using Your Whistle
- Free or held
- Putting up the Gates
2. Position at start of the play
3. Checking Wide outs
4. Signals –during the play
-Time in
-Time out
-Screen Pass
-Lateral
5. Marking the spot
-Primary spot
-Secondary spot
92
SIGNAL READY FOR PLAY
KICKOFF
After counting your Team
and checking your zone,the
Official raises his arm
vertically in the air and holds
it up until acknowledged by
the Referee
The kick off should not take
place until both teams have
twelve players on the field
93
Duties between Plays
• FREE OR HELD
• When the Referee
whistles time in look to
the Back Umpire for
direction as to who is
Held
• Held official (wide side of
field) acknowledge by
signal –point to the
ground
• Free official acknowledge
by signal- salute pointing
down field
94
Back Umpire Indicating
Held Official
Back Umpire indicating
the held official
Referee whistling time in
Back umpire points to near sideline official to indicate he is held.
This is done as the Referee is whistling time in
95
Free Official Signal
Free official salutes and points down field to acknowledge he
is free. Free implies that the official if circumstances warrant
it may move off the line of scrimmage when the ball is
96
snapped
Held Signal
Held official-remains at the line of scrimmage until the ball has crossed
the line of scrimmage
97
Duties between Plays
• PUTTING UP THE GATES
• When the second player leaves the offensive
huddle (centre and one more player) raise arms
horizontally at shoulder height.
• Check bench(es)on your side for substitutions
,once gates are up substitutions are not allowed
98
Position on the Line of Scrimmage
Start of the Play
• What do we Look for?
• Is there an eligible number
at the end of the Line?
• Are there Five ineligibles
in a row?
99
Head Linesman View L of S
Wide Out Checking if on the Line
of Scrimmage
Looking could give a nod of the head often enough
Could give verbal confirmation
–you’re on
–you’re off
101
Wide Out Checking if on the Line
of Scrimmage (not looking)
Not Looking could give a verbal confirmation
–you’re on
–you’re off
102
Signals
most used often by Sideline officials
• Time in –Full arm circles to
simulate clock
• Time out- Hands crisscrossed
above the head
103
Signals
most used often by Sideline Officials
• Screen Pass- Arm
extended vertically
• Prior to a pass being
caught behind the line of
scrimmage.
• Keep arm up until end of
play-informs other
officials that blocking is
allowed downfield prior to
the ball being caught by
Team A players.
104
Signals
most used often by Sideline officials
• Lateral Pass – arm
extended horizontally
into the backfield.
• Lateral pass (onside
pass) is one thrown,
handed, knocked,
batted, kicked or
fumbled by a player
parallel to or in the
direction of his own
dead line.
Pointing into
backfield, keep
arm out for the
play so other
officials are
aware of the
lateral pass
105
Signals in the Last Three Minutes
of a Half
Time Out Signal- ball goes out of bounds in your zone
-clock stops after every play in last 3
minutes of the half
Ball in bounds or out of bounds ?
These signals are given to help the Referee and coaches know if the
ball is in bounds or out of bounds as timing rules in the last three
minutes are affected by where the ball went dead.
These signals should be held for an extend period of time (10
seconds) to insure that they are seen
- ball out of bounds- both arms and hands extended over shoulders
points back to out of bounds
-in bounds
- both arms extended and pointing into the field
of play
Marking the Spot
• Primary Spot -place one foot forward with toe
at the forward point of the ball.
• Secondary spot- stand facing toward middle of
field feet together.
- If spot required from a secondary
spot turn and provide the primary spot
Ball between the hash mark and sideline- come
in close to mark the ball
Come in to mark spot run parallel to side line then
turn at a right angle and move to the dead ball
spot
107
BALL Retrieval
• Use triangle method
• Ball out near you ,get ball , pass to Back
Umpire who passes it to Umpire
• Ball dead down field move toward Back
Umpire, who will retrieve the ball and
pass it to side official on the side ball went
out. This official will relay it to other side
official
(if needed) and on to the Umpire
108
Using Your Whistle
• The whistle is used to
“Kill the Play”
• See the Ball “Dead”
before sounding you
whistle
• Sound your whistle “
With Authority”
• An inadvertent
Whistle does and will
happen
Lesson 7
REPORTING AN INFRACTION
110
Lesson 7
REPORTING AN INFRACTION
TOPICS
1. Throwing a Flag
-Technical fouls
-Point of foul
2. Reporting an infraction –Stopping the play
3. Reporting an infraction – Using TINS.
4. Reporting an infraction- reporting to the referee
5. Flag retrieval
111
Throwing A Flag
• Once a foul is detected a flag must be thrown
• Technical Foul- flag thrown high in the air
- eg illegal procedure, offside, time count
• Point of foul - if foul occurs during a play
- the flag is thrown toward the
location of the foul
- eg point of holding, illegal block , unnecessary roughness
• Get the player’s number
• Continue to officiate until the end of the play
112
Reporting an Infraction
Stopping the Play
• Wait until the play is over.
• Make sure time out is waved
• If you kill the play
- blow your whistle
-signal time out
-mark the spot
-wait until an official relieves you of the
spot
113
REPORTING INFRACTIONS
T
USE TINS
NAME THE TEAM
I
STATE THE INFRACTION
N
NUMBER OF PLAYER
S
STAY AROUND IF REFEREE
NEEDS MORE INFORMATION
114
Reporting an Infraction
Reporting to the Referee
• If more than one official has a flag check to see if you have the
same call (eg. HL and LJ) make sure both agree if it is offside or
illegal procedure.
• Reporting to the Referee using TINS
• TEAM
Winnipeg
• INFRACTION
Offside
• NUMBER
68
• STAY Remain nearby if Referee needs more information such as:
- Point ball held at time of foul
- Required distance gained
- Location of foul
- Live or dead ball foul
115
Flag Retrieval
• Help out other officials, especially the
Referee by returning the flag to the official.
• The closest free official near the flag
should retrieve the flag
116
Lesson 7
Reporting Infractions
• Complete worksheet and submit answers
as directed.
117
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lesson8
Positioning and Mechanics
Mechanics refers to the routine procedure surrounding what the official does.
The two primary areas of mechanics are signaling and positioning.
When more than one official is involved “Teamwork” becomes a third area of
mechanics, wherein additional signaling and positioning responsibilities are necessary.
The mechanics of positioning, signaling and teamwork are all of the essential
importance to a professional performance.
Good positioning, is necessary if you are to see what you are supposed to see.
Sharp, unhesitating and unhurried signals are necessary to communicate your
decisions and to build the confidence of everyone regarding your officiating ability
Commonly recognized teamwork procedures are necessary to ensure to the greatest
extent that (a) every conceivable action is covered and ruled upon and
(b) disagreement is eliminated or minimized
When proper mechanics are performed precisely, the game progresses without
confusion of unnecessary delay.
Good mechanics are not too difficult to develop if correct habits are established early
in the officiating career.
118
Positioning and Mechanics
continued
•
•
•
•
•
Difficulty does occur when the new official unsuspectingly forms bad habits.
Mechanics, good or bad, are habitual actions.
It is much easier to learn the correct habit first than to unlearn an incorrect habit
later.
Like the playing rules, mechanics have evolved from the efforts of many people over
many years and therefore, they should command the respect and acceptance of new
officials.
The first two obligations of a new official are to:
a) learn the playing rules
b) develop correct habit of mechanics
AN OFFICIAL WHO IS IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME,
AT LEAST LOOKS EFFICIENT
119
Duties and Positioning
Kick Off Duties Head Linesman
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Before the Ball is Kicked
Take up position
Count home team
Check field and sidelines
After the ball is kicked
Onside vs offside
Short kick vs. long kick
In bounds / out of bounds
Cover the return
Stay in your zone
Signal “time in” after ball is touched
Duties and Positioning
Kick Off Duties Head Linesman
Watch for:
• blocking (legal vs. illegal)
• ball in/out of bounds
After the ball is dead:
• signal to stop clock
• mark spot
• set up sticks and downs box
Duties and Positioning
Kick Off Duties Line Judge
Before the ball is kicked:
•
take up position
•
count visiting team
•
check End Zone
After the ball is kicked:
•
time in signal after the ball is touched
•
watch for fumbles, lateral, offside passes
•
cover return
•
out of bounds coverage
After the ball is dead:
•
signal to stop clock
•
mark spot
4 Official System Kick Off
U
LJ
HL
55
R
45
K
Duties and Positioning
Scrimmage Duties
Free Official and Held Official
Position and Signals
Prior to Snap
check substitutes
gates – up and down
count players
check eligible Receivers
check Players re: lining up
watch for early motion (offside
and illegal procedure)
Duties and Positioning
Scrimmage Duties
Running Plays
Sideline Responsibilities
- Held Official
- Free Official
Cover ball carrier in your zone
Ball out of bounds – What to do?
Spotting ball at the Side Line
- for normal play situations
- if measurement required
Scrimmage
Duties and Positioning
Need to cover play from behind:
- action away from the ball
- fouls behind the play
Avoid turning back on Play
Watch for:
- fumbles
- lateral passes
Know possession when ball dead
4 Official System Scrimmage Play Running
G
5
10
15
20
25
U
30
35
40
45
F
H
50
C
R
Duties and Positioning –
Scrimmage Duties
Pass Plays
“FREE” Official
Also has deep responsibilities
Move off line on snap
Read play and react
- “Tackles don’t lie”
- Read Receivers on your side
Cover your zone and Side Line
Out of bounds coverage
Duties and Positioning –
Scrimmage Duties
“HELD” Official
Short zone coverage – your side
Move downfield after pass is thrown
Both Officials
Watch for:
- Illegal contact on Receivers
- Illegal interference
- Holding
- Pass interference
- Offside passes
- Turnovers
Scrimmage Play Passing - 4 Officials
G
5
10
15
20
25
U
30
35
40
45
F
H
50
C
R
Duties and Positioning
Goal Line Plays
“FREE” Official
Initial position – on line until snap
Normal initial duties
On snap – move to goal line
Know ball location
“HELD” Official
Normal scrimmage duties
Know ball location
Move off line once ball is gone
Both Officials
Be prepared for pass or run
Signal “Touchdown” if made
Watch for fumble into End Zone
Goal Line Stand - 4 Officials
U
G
5
F
H
10
15
20
25
30
35
R
Duties and Positioning
Kick from Scrimmage
“FREE” Official
Initial position downfield ( 5 & 10 – 12)
Be aware of:
- Restraining zone
- Point of possession
- Point ball held on return
Ball Dead – goal post “in Flight”
“HELD” Official
Initial position on Line of Scrimmage
Watch for blocked/deflected kick
Move after kick crosses Line of Scrimmage
Both Officials
On fouls – know ball location
- if in possession
- if “in flight”
Punt - 4 Officials
G
5
F
10
15
20
25
U
H
30
35
40
45
50
C
R
Duties and Positioning
Field Goals and Converts
Outside 10 yard line
“FREE” Official – Under goal posts
“HELD” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage on Line
of Scrimmage – “go with ball”
Inside 10 yard line
“FREE” Official – Same as kick from scrimmage.
- Cover dead line and sideline in End
Zone.
- Cover Play in End Zone
“HELD”Official – Initial position – on line of scrimmage
- Watch for contact on kicker/holder
- “Go with ball” – cover Side Line
4 Official System Field Goal Outside 10 Yd
F
G
5
10
15
20
U
25
H
30
35
40
45
50
R
4 Official System Field Goal Inside 10 yd
F
U
G
H
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
R
4 Official System Convert
U
G
5
F
H
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
R
Three Official System
Mechanics
The 3 official crew system includes:
Referee
Umpire
Head Linesman
In order to insure coverage on all sides of the field the following mechanics are used:
Referee will always favour the side opposite the Head Linesman.
The Head Linesman will have the yard sticks located on the SAME side of the field
as the team benches (benches are located on one side of field)
The Umpire is the lone official back for kick offs, punts and field goals
3 Official System Kick Off
G
U
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
HL
45
50
C
K
R
3 Official System Scrimmage Play
G
5
10
15
20
25
U
30
35
40
45
HL
50
C
R
3 Official System Goal Line
U
G
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
HL
R
3 Official System Punt
G
U
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
C
HL
R
3 Official System Field Goal Outside 10 Yd Line
U
G
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
HL
R
Convert 3 Official System Convert and Field
Goal inside 10 yard line
U
G
5
HL
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
R
Lesson 9
Rules of the Game
BALL CARRIER HIT BY TACKLER
HITS GROUND HERE
SLIDES OUT OF BOUNDS
Where would the ball be spotted?
What signal would the sideline official give to the Referee in the
last 3 minutes of a half to indicate the ball was in bounds or out
of bounds?
Rules of the Game
• Intelligent enforcement
• Learn basics first; then learn specifics
• Learn to recognize legal vs. illegal
THEN:
• Rules in detail
And
• Penalty application
Rules Mastery is an
Apprentice Program
What are the basics?
Points of emphasis for the starting official in
learning the rules
1 Rule 1 – Conduct of the game
basic rules required for sideline official
a) When is the ball live
b) When is the ball dead
c) When does timing stop
d) Is the ball in bounds or out of bounds
2. Rule 4 - Scrimmage (covered in Lesson 5)
a) Section1
b) Section 2
c) Section 3
DefinitionsLine of scrimmage
Neutral zone
Close line play area
Line and Backfield
Method of Scrimmage
Requirements for legal scrimmage
3. Rule 5 Kicking
Section 1 Definitions
Section 2 Kick off
Section 5 Interference on a Kick from Scrimmage or Return kicks
4. Rule 6 Passing
Section 1 Lateral or Onside pass
Section 2 Hand Off Pass
Section 3 Offside Pass
Section 4 Forward Pass
5. Rule 7 Fouls and Penalties
Section 1 Illegal tactics
Section 2 Rough play
Section 3 Unnecessary Roughness
Section 4 Objectionable Conduct
6. Rule 9 Miscellaneous
Live Ball
Rule 1 Section 7 Article 1 and Section 8 Article 1
The ball is in play when:
a) It has been put into play by a kick off or scrimmage, until a field
official stops the play by sounding his whistle.
b) It strikes an official who is not out of bounds, except on a forward
pass.
c) It is on the ground not in possession of a player.
d) A forward pass is intercepted by a player in his own end zone.
f) An offside pass is made and/or the ball goes loose.
e) A ball is dribbled in bounds.
f) A dribbled ball hits the goal post assembly.
g) A kicked ball hits the goal post assembly after striking the ground,
a player, or official, or after being kicked from the end zone.
LIVE BALL
h) The ball is not dead when a player goes to one or both knees in making a
catch from any punt, place kick, drop kick, or kick off an opponent or in
attempting to field the ball on a snap from the center, provided that such
action is part of the attempt to catch the ball. (1-8)
Live Ball
i)
It is held in position by a player for the purposes of making a place kick, except on a
kick off.
It is legal for the placekick holder, who was on his knee in possession of
the ball, to rise, pass, or advance the ball. The ball is not dead when it is
being held for a field goal attempt, regardless of what happens afterwards.
(1-8)
Live Ball
ON FIELD GOAL TRY
MUFFS SNAP
(2) RETRIVES
2) PICKS UP
BALL…
THE BALL
3)Passess
(3) PASSEorOR RUNS
runs
If the snap is fumbled, A12 may recover the ball legally and advance the
ball provided that when he regains possession in (2), no part of his body,
other than hands or feet, touch the ground. (1-8)
DEAD BALL
The ball becomes dead when:
a) A field official blows his whistle to end play.
b) The ball, or player with the ball in his possession goes out of
bounds
DEAD BALL
c) Any score is made
END ZONE
d) The ball carrier is tackled, held and his forward progress is stopped.
e) A forward pass is declared incomplete, or it strikes a game official, the goal post
assembly, downs box marker or distance chain rod,
f) It is in possession of a player lying on the ground or is being held by a player for
a kick off, prior to the kickoff.
DEAD BALL
g) The ball is automatically dead when it strikes the goal post assembly in flight :
DEAD BALL
h) The ball is dead when any part of a ball carrier, other than his hands
or feet, touches the ground, even without contact by an opponent.
The ball shall be dead at the point where it was held when the ball
carrier touched the ground. (1-8)
Study Methods
•
•
•
•
•
Develop an organized method of study
Rule by rule method
Theme method
Cover to Cover method
For detailed explanation of these study methods read
article entitled Using You Rule book/Case Book
by Bill Glendinning NBFOA- readings section
Learn Intent of Rules
Not Just “Black and White”
Improving Rules Knowledge
• Regular reading and study
• Attend study sessions
• Study rules related to the position being worked
• Exams as a learning tool
• For detailed explanation of these study methods
read article entitled “GETTING INTO THE
GAME”by Bill Glendinning NBFOA- support
materials section
Learning the Rules
In conclusion as a starting official
concentrate on:
•
•
•
Basics to Play
Legal vs. Illegal
Then the Applications & Complications
Rule Study for Sideline Officials
• In Lesson 5 rules were introduced for requirements at
the line of scrimmage and related fouls.
• In this section rules that apply to action of players along
the sidelines and on the field of play that would involve
the sideline official in passing situations are examined.
1. FORWARD PASS
LEGAL OR NOT?
2. SIDELINE FORWARD PASS COMPLETE OR NOT ?
3. LINEMEN - INELIGIBLE NUMBERS
• Do worksheet entitled Worksheets 8 You Make the Callillegal actions. Submit answers as directed
Illustrated Rule Book
• The Quebec Football Officials
Association has prepared the
illustrated rule book in an
electronic format.
• Visual illustrations of rules
often help in understanding
what rules mean.
• The illustrated rule may assist
in providing uniformity to the
administration of the rules
• Illustrated rule book is located
in the support materials section
Lesson 10
Post Game and What’s Next
Post game meetings
Keeping a journal
Getting off to a good start
Pre game preparation
What’s next
Post Game Meeting
• At the end of every game , the post game
meeting and follow up are a valuable learning
tool for all officials and especially a new official.
• Post game meetings allow the official to:
- Discuss your game while it is still clear in your mind
- Ask questions on play situations and rule (s) and their
applications
an
- receive a critique from the referee and game supervisor
-comments provided to you should be viewed as constructive
criticism and should be used a to identify areas of strength
areas where improvement is needed
Post Game Follow up
•
Keep a journal (log book or diary) of what happened at your at your game
- List comments received and note the areas to work on for next
game.
- Identify what you plan to work on for your next game.
- Use as a check list, from game to game to track your
development.
Example: Identify something that you did differently and not
necessarily wrong
Did I have a good/bad Pass Interference call?
Did I read the keys right?
Did I report the foul clearly to the Referee? Did I
provide enough information
Getting Off to a Good Start
Preliminary Preparation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Watch games as Official
Active Part of Meetings
Good Quality Equipment
Conditioning - 4 Quarters
Preseason Scrimmages
Learn the Basics First
Getting Off to a Good Start
Pre-game Preparation
Know your Fields
Travel with Officials
Be on Time – Be Early
Be rested & Be Sharp
Be ready for anything
At the game
Have a Positive Approach
Avoid Beginner’s Mistakes (Do’s &
Don’ts)
What’s next
• Submit your Level exam and have a year on field experience to
complete the requirements for your Level 1 FCOCP.
• Start planning to enroll in the FCOCP Level 2 program.
• All officials should strive to obtain their Level 3 certification. The first
3 levels of the FCOCP provides an individual basic knowledge of the
basic field positions of:
Sideline official
- Level 1
Umpire
- Level 2
Referee/Back Umpire - Level 3
Hopefully you have started a lengthy and enjoyable career as a
football official. The road may lead to higher levels of football at the
university and perhaps the professional levels. Where ever the road
leads have fun and enjoy the game.
Glossary of Terms
Appearance
a) Physical conditioning- to be able to stay in
position, keep sharp, and pull your weight on
the officiating team, physical conditioning is a
must.
- It doesn't come automatically- you have to
develop it.
- Seek qualified assistance in developing an
appropriate program.
b) Appearance- Looking the part is half the battle
- Sloppy, unkempt appearance is read by
players and coaches as ineptness
Attitude
• Develop a positive attitude towards the
Game, Players, Coaches, League
Administrators, Fans and other Officials.
• Develop a co-operative
attitude/atmosphere
• Give back to the game-share knowledge
with others
Your Foremost Concern:
The individual Athlete
The master official is primarily concerned with the protection of the players. In most instances his
actions are prompted by this concern, for example
a) He wants to prevent injuries, and he knows that in many sports good officiating can
prevent many damaging and unnecessary injuries.
b) He wants to encourage sportsman like behaviour, and he understands the importance of
his job in promoting such behaviour.
c) He knows that correct rulings can motivate player improvement through the trial –and –
error process.
d) He does not discourage questions on the rules, because he knows that players don’t
know all the rules.
e) He wants to keep all the players in the game, and he knows that in many cases the
ejection or disqualification of a player can be prevented.
(continued next slide)
Your Foremost Concern:
The individual Athlete
continued
f) He is willing to eject or disqualify a player when the rules and spirit of the game demand
such
action because the protection of the other players and the quality of the game itself are
involved.
In addition, the particular player can learn from the experience of being
disqualified.
The official who is able and willing to use “protection of the players” as his guide will be
amazed
at its effectiveness, especially in making difficult decisions. To test this
theory, try it against any
seemingly hopeless officiating situation that you can imagine. Ask
yourself, what should be done
for the players’ protection. Perhaps the indicated
decision may not be completely acceptable, but
it will be the best decision if based upon concern for the individual athlete. The new
official must
be constantly reminded of his responsibility to the players.
SPORTS WAS CREATED FOR THE PLAYERS-not the
officials
Certification Maintenance
In order to maintain you FCOCP level an official must work games at
(1) the position
(2) level of play
(3) Score a mark of 75% on a the annual CFOA rules exam
Courage
- Make all calls to the best of your ability
- Don't hedge on difficult calls
- Don't be influenced by players, fans or coaches
-Anyone can call the obvious- the competent
official makes the difficult calls in the manner
described above
CFOA
Canadian Football Officials’ Association
The CFOA mandate:
1. Participating in the development and implementation of educational
materials.
2. Developing programs to support the recruitment and retention of officials.
3. Providing a means of communication for membership associations.
4. Providing a vehicle of recognition to outstanding service across the
country.
Challenges
• Take advantage of opportunities that
present themselves.
• Make changes that lead to self
improvement.
• Accept challenges (i.e. assignments,
working on projects etc..
• Work on developing self confidence.
Confidence (Poise)
- Act deliberately- maintain a steady pace when
calling infractions- even hesitate slightly on the
obvious to develop this uniformity.
-Volatile situations require calmness on the
official's part.
-Avoid the "I caught you" manner in your actions
and instructions.
-Use your whistle with authority
Consistency
- Inconsistency is the coach's major complaint
- Know the intent of the rule and apply it
accordingly
- The time of the game has no bearing on your
calls
DATA TO FOOTALL CANADA
Mark will be registered with Football Canada
Football Canada will provide the official a
certificate and card identifying the official's
certification level
In order to retain a certain level of certification
the official must be active at that level of play for
which that level of certification is required.
Each year officials must write a CFOA exam and
score a grade of 75%
Decisiveness
-Avoids the aspect of controversial calls
-Creates a positive image in terms of rule
knowledge
-Hesitancy is the opposite to decisiveness
-If a decision has to be made - make it properly
without delay
Set Deadlines
• Set deadlines for your goals
• Primary goals- what do wish to accomplish
over the next year or so?
• Intermediate goals- where do you want to
be in 3-5 years
• Long term goals- lifetime/career goals in
officiating
Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
11.
12.
13.
DO
Don’t
DO
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Don’t
Do
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
get physically fit and stay in condition
criticize other officials, be loyal and display confidence
know the rules thoroughly
fraternize with players or coaches during the season
communicate with your fellow officials. Assist the new official.
talk “out of school” to friends, players, press, etc.
cooperate with others and show good team work
lose your temper under any circumstances, be impersonal
be dedicated to the game
become personally involved in any play or incident . Stay detached from the
game.
dress and appear clean and standard
argue with any player or coach about the rules, on or off the field.
put yourself above reproach in your personal behavior (betting, drinking,
fraternizing)
have rabbit ears
have the courage of your convictions.
over –officiate
be courteous, but firm
coast or relax in a dull game
be consistent with your calls
threaten a player or coach, caution only
Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating
continued
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
38.
Don’t
39.
40.
DO
Don’t
41.
42.
DO
Don’t
43.
44.
DO
Don’t
set your officiating pattern early and keep it
turn your back on another’s mistake. Correction must be made at the time.
cover your position and read the play situations.
warn on roughness or objectionable conduct
get the correct number of the penalized player
make slow decisions. Better fast and wrong, than right and slow
know for certain where the ball is if you are whistling the play dead.
be half-hearted or hesitant in your penalty calls
know where the ball is when you call a penalty
be afraid to admit a mistake to the referee. He can wash out the penalty flag.
assist the Referee in every conceivable way
second guess in order to save a few steps
call early and save yourself the last minute brawl
walk away from close decisions
check the penalty yardages, when it’s 5 yards, see that it is not 4 or 6,
and 10 not 9 or 11.
second guess the Referee, or make any explanations to players, coaches ,
or fans of the call
remember to use TINS when reporting penalties
tell a team if they are one or men short or too many. Tell them” count your players”
report penalties clearly and calmly
call when you ”Have-not-Could-not or Did not” see the whole action. A bloody nose is not a
”punch”.
stay with the Referee on your penalty calls.
call on anticipation
(continued next slide)
Do’s and Don’ts of Officiating
45.
46.
Do
Don’t
initial
keep close to the play, always looking in
call blocking from the rear or blocking below the waist unless you saw the
contact.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51
52
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
the play
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
DO
Don’t
Do
see the whole scene, not just the end of it.
defer to another penalty call, even though it’s different than yours.
get the furthest point of the advance of the ball.
throw a so-called ”back up” flag. Either you saw an infraction or you didn’t.
be responsible in your acceptance of game assignments
turn to the Referee immediately you have penalty infraction. Your coverage continues until
is dead.
be punctual for games (at the pre-game start time)
call the penalty, just call the infraction. It is “Rough Play” not ”He’s out of the ball game”.
signal the infraction when reporting it to the Referee ??
hold conferences on the field near players of coaches.
check the score card at the end of the game for disqualification numbers
forget the game ball.
be prepared to talk over game procedures
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Video and TV allow us to be looked at many times
over. We work in a fish-bowl, yet must go unnoticed
Duties and Mechanics
- Know where to be and when.
- Develop teamwork
- Being in the right place facilitates decision
making
- Make use of clinics, manuals and training is to
develop this aspect of your officiating
Educator
Briefly explains the rule and its proper
interpretation
Football Canada
Oversees the operation of football in Canada .In
2007 Football Canada is under a major structural
reorganization.
There are three grouping of football in Football
Canada: Tackle ,Touch and Flag
In terms of officiating each has their officials
organizations
188
Set Goals
• Set long term and short term goals.
• What do you wish to achieve as an
Official?
• At what positions, levels, etc. do wish to
officiate?
Hustle
- The key to better mechanics
- Visibly obvious
-Creates a positive impression
Integrity
The capable official wants to see the game progress correctly, without bias or
inconsistency. In spite of pressures he will not be unduly influenced by the
score, time remaining, or reactions of the players, coaches or fans nor will he
be influenced by the direction of previous decisions. To a considerable
degree, he sees each movement of the competition as a moment in itself,
unconnected with what has happened previously.
In certain instances, great courage and personal confidence are required in
order for an official to rule with absolute integrity, but this is exactly what he
MUST do. Not even the home coach appreciates a "homer" official.
Regardless of circumstances, the official must be completely honest in all
phases of his job, especially in his appreciation of the rules, and his
relationship with fellow officials, players and coaches.
Officiating integrity is a product of personal honesty and reliability. A
potentially outstanding official can rise or fall according to the integrity he
demonstrates.
SPREAD CONFIDENCE - NOT DISTRUST
Jobs of the Official
1.
A smooth flow to the game
Officials are present to administer the game and to assist in having the
game proceed in as smooth a fashion as possible. It is the Officials job to
set the pace that allows the game to move quickly and smoothly
2. Game Played within the rules
a) A main function of an Official is to enforce the rules – to see that
the game is played within the rules and within the spirit of the
rules
b) Officials are there to ensure that no player takes an “unfair
advantage” of an opponent.
c) Also part of the job, where possible, is to prevent fouls and
injuries.
d) Always be concerned for “Player safety” as part of the rules “
enforcement”.
CONTINUED NEXT TWO SIDES
Jobs of an Official
continued
3.
Little interference
a) Officials should NOT take the game away from the Players.
b) The game is for the Players and people go to the games to watch the
play
and Players , not the Officials.
c) One of the greatest compliments for an Official is to go unnoticed
because of his/her efficient handling of a game.
4. Preventing fouls
a) Preventative officiating is the watchword for today’s successful Official.
b) Positive action can often prevent Players from committing
fouls/infractions.
c) Field presence can often be a deterrent to infractions being committed .
d) Using your voice to give warnings and being in position to make rulings
are great assets toward successful “preventative officiating”.
Jobs of an Official
continued
5. Making the Call
a) Learn to recognize what is “LEGAL” and what is “ILLEGAL”
b) Recognize infractions/fouls and “MAKE THE CALL”
c) Don’t back away from the “CLOSE CALLS”.
d) Sometimes the best call is “A NO CALL”.
e) A rule of thumb to follow, “ NO HARM, NO FOUL”.
LEARN THE BASICS OF OFFICIATING
FIRST, details and refinements will come
with experience.
Judgment
- Related to knowledge and understanding of the
rules.
-Developed through experience and self analysis
-An unending development project
-Each situation should be ruled upon within its
own context
Learn from Others
• Observe other officials-observe high
caliber /quality Officials
• Attend games to observe officiating
mechanics
• Work with experienced Officials
• Attend clinics, conferences, weekly study
sessions
LOCAL PROVINCIAL FOOTBALL
OFFICIALS’ASSOCIATIONS
(FOA )
Local Football Associations (FOA)
provide officiating services to teams and leagues
in their local area
are members of the CFOA
Mistakes
Learn from your mistakes
•
Try to turn mistakes into a positive
learning situation
•
Avoid dwelling on the negative – move
ahead
•
Try not to repeat mistakes-dwell on
how to correct the error
Objectivity
- Avoid popular decisions
- Judge each play on its own merits
-Ask yourself- "If I had to call it again, would i
call it the same way?"
Official's Transfer
The President of the Local FOA will provide a
transferring official with a letter identifying the
level of football officiated by the official and
the certification level of the official
ON FIELD EVALUATION
On field evaluation
requirement for all levels except level 1
carried out on a the playing field with
the official under actual game
conditions
official must have an evaluation for
every position at which he/she wishes to
be certified
OTC
FOOTBALL CANADA OFFICIALS’ TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Official Technical Committee (OTC)
A sub committee of Football Canada
The OTC is responsible for developing programs
and training aids to improve and standardize
football officiating in Canada at the amateur level
The OTC is charged with the development of the
course conductor and student manuals for the
Football Canada Officials Certification Program
Look the Part
• Work on conditioning-develop stamina
• Work at perfecting Positioning and
Mechanics
• Know the Rules and their application
• Look Sharp on the field-Hustle, Hustle,
Hustle
Positive Rapport
- Display courtesy and respect at all times
- Be human - yet remain in control
- Be approachable and receptive to questions
- Be aware of the image you are portraying
PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
• Provincial Associations
• govern the operations of football at the
provincial level.
Psychologist
He understands the feelings of players ,coaches
and spectators, and through his understanding
he is able to show respect and in turn gain their
respect.
Be business like in your approach to each game
towards Players, Coaches, Administrators fans
etc. You are there to do a job, not to be a
“friend”
Reaction time
-The speed of the decision is directly
proportional to its acceptance.
- Speed of decision leads to game control
-Anticipation of infractions leads to
errors
-Poor reaction time limits officiating
success
Restrictions
• Regional restrictions due to the level of
play in your area
• Number of leagues, games played ,etc. in
your area
• Availability for game appointments
• Work on developing self confidence
Rules Knowledge
Intelligent Rule Enforcement
The rules have evolved from the concentrated attention of many experts over a period of years.
As such, the rules command respect and demand enforcement. The official is expected to show
respect for the game and for the players by KNOWING the rules and ENFORCING them .To
do otherwise usually brings unwanted consequences of disorganized games, unsportsmanlike
acts and even the danger of injury
Applying the rules requires the use of judgment on the part of the master official. In particular
instances he will refuse to call certain apparent violations, while in other circumstances, he will
call almost invisible acts. He is concerned about preserving the ideal of the game through his rule
enforcement.
The purpose of the playing rules is to ”TO PENALIZE A PLAYER WHO, BY REASON OF AN
ILLEGAL ACT, PLACES HIS OPPONENT AT A DISADVANTAGE”
In rulings where judgment is permissible, the competent official is more concerned about the
effect of the illegal act than the act itself. For example, the rules state that when an attacking
player is blocking his opponent, his hands must be must be contact with his body. This rule is to
prevent a player from reaching out with his hands to create interference and to prevent striking
with the hands or fists. Blocking is supposed to take place with the body. If this rule was applied
literally an infraction would occur anytime space was detected between the blocker’s body and
his hands. No capable official would administer the rule that way, but would judge the act in
terms of the total situation and the effect that it had on the play. (continued on next slide)
Rules Knowledge
Intelligent Rule Enforcement continued
This philosophy is essentially correct, because when properly employed, it assures that
the spirit of the game prevails, rather than, exact and petty rule enforcement. Two
cautions should be noted:
(i) The philosophy does not apply to all rules or even to most rules. A
player is in bounds of out of bounds. In most cases, the official is asked
not to exercise his judgment, but to call immediately what he has seen.
(ii) when the philosophy does not apply, the official must know and
understand the correct rule interpretation so that his decisions are as consistent as
possible. It permits the official to be flexible, but if he is inconsistent as well as flexible,
both he and the game will soon be in trouble.
Rule Knowledge
-An exact knowledge of the rules and their intent
is essential.
- Constant review is needed to stay on top
-Case books provide an excellent refresher
-Quizzes and exams should be used as learning
devices by reviewing areas of error.
Salesman
• Influences players toward fair, clean and sportsmanlike
play and away from unsportsmanlike conduct.
• Present and sell yourself as a competent Official to
others
• Always use honesty and integrity in all aspects of the
game.
• Make your calls/no calls to the best of your ability. Try
not to be influenced by the score, time of game position
on the field, fans etc.
Statesman
He speaks clearly and logically when it
is necessary for him to speak
Limit your contact with those involved
in the game to the affairs of the day:
matters concerning the game, not a
social visit/gathering
•
•
Sound Human relationships
It has been said with considerable truth that officiating is more like an art than a
science. Building sound relationships with fellow officials, players, coaches and fans
while under fire of intense athletic rivalry call for an “artist’s touch”.
(a) Relationship with Fellow officials
For the most part, officials are on their own at the game. If their mutual support and
team work break down, problems in other relationships will certainly increase.
The ability to team with fellow officials is an absolute essential to a well handled
game. Uniformity of decisions is of utmost importance. Each must have complete
faith in the other, and the greatest harmony must exist. Domination by one official
may cause a poorly administer game. You should welcome the assistance and
support of other, rather than resent the other making a decision which you feel is your
responsibility. Your position, even though close to the play, may not have been
advantageous. Always be ready to cover plays for the other official who may be
momentarily caught out of position.
ASSIST - DON’T RESIST - YOUR FELLOW OFFICIALS
(b) Relationships with players
Good relationships between players and officials are of fundamental
importance to effective officiating. Coaches and fans can sense the quality of player –
official relationship, and their judgment of the official is influenced by the way they
sense. Officials should be neither overly friendly nor aloof in their dealings with
players. Players tend to mistrust an official who seems to be trying to win a
popularity contest with both teams. They expect an official to act like an official who
has an important job to do.
Sound Human relationships
continued
(b) Relationships with players continued
The degree to which an official should try to be helpful varies
considerably according to the level of play. In professional sports, a
particularly helpful official would be treated with amazement or
scorn, whereas in youth contests a competent official will not
hesitate to actually teach the rules at appropriate moments.
A domineering or dictatorial official upsets the players.
Officials must be or at least act human and approachable. An official
must show respect for players if he wishes to gain respect.
When unsportsmanlike acts occur, they should
be penalized, immediately, in as calm a manner as possible. UN
sportsmanlike act usually create excitement and emotional reactions
by players, coaches, and fans. What is especially needed is not anger
or revenge, but an accurate and efficient penalty, enforced
confidently and calmly
USE YOUR STRONG POINTS TO WIN RESPECT( see
next slide)
Sound Human relationships
continued
(c) Relationship with Coaches
As implied by the rules of most sports, contact between the
coaches and officials should be businesslike., friendly, respectful and
LIMITED. The coach is concerned about an official’s mechanics and
judgment. He is not likely to be concerned about whether or not an official
wishes to be his friend. Under such circumstances , considerable tact is
needed. Often the upset coach is he type that can be calmed down almost
as easily as he became excited. A businesslike, but not unfriendly
explanation of the decision may prevent serious consequences.
The official should not over –react to the excited coach, but he
must enforce obvious infractions by the coach. If there is a choice between
protecting the coach or the game, the game must be considered first.
BE PLEASANT, BUT FIRM AND FEARLESS
Sound Human relationships
continued
(d) Relationships with Fans.
While the official’s main attention is directed to the game and
the player, and partially to the coaches, the presence of fans cannot be
ignored. The trend of an athletic event can be harmed by intense
spectator reactions. However, this rarely occurs if the officials of the
game do their work well, that is , they maintain good position, are
decisive in judgment, an signal clearly.
Sound Human relationships
continued
• (e) Summary
•
Sound public reactions must be a part of
competent officiating because sports involve
human beings with opposing loyalties. These
human beings possess different backgrounds,
abilities and emotional responses. In fact some
of them will not like officials-period. Apparently
the sports officials cannot satisfy everyone, nor
should this be his aim. He should show respect
for others, avoiding antagonizing anyone, and
be approachable. His main efforts should be
directed toward the best officiating job he can
produce.
• MAKE DECSIONS CLEARLY.
Support
• Support is required:
a) at home (family support)
b) at work (employer and fellow
employees)
c) from fellow Officials (work together as a
team)
Theory Clinics
• Teaches the fundamental skills technical
skills,
• rules ,and mechanics knowledge ,
philosophy of officiating, and appreciation
of the interpersonal relations which are
required to become a top official
Time In and Out Signals
When will the Side Line Official Use them ?
• Time In
- given when down field for kick off
• Time out
-called a foul- when play is over signal time out
- player injury
- on every play after three minute signal in the last 3 minutes of
the second and fourth quarters, if you blow your whistle if ball
dead in your zone
WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS
content of the theory portion of each level of the
clinic is 75% theory and 25% rules.
Every level writes a written exam.
Levels 2 to 4 must also complete an on field
evaluation
Level 1 open book exam meant to familiarize a
starting official with training material and rule
book.
Level 2 to Level 4 write a formal exam
Passing levels are
Level 2 75%
Level 3 80%
Level 4 85%
Hard work
• Give 100% for every assignment, at all
levels
• Work at self improvement
• Show interest and work towards achieving
your goals
Why do we need capable officials
to guide the game?
The competition is guided by capable official.
Such officials cause the contests to be conducted
as they were meant to be, and cause the result to
be based upon player ability and observance of
the rules.
Officials should be guided by an overall aim
of causing the game to progress smoothly with as
little interference as possible.