List and define the
5 themes of
geography
Place- describe what makes a location different from another
location; I have different kinds of features such as: water landforms,
climate, soil, vegetation, airports, highways, buildings, bridges, and
parks.
Location - describe where something is found
Human Environment Interaction -describe how people impact our
earth and environment and how people adapt to live in their
surroundings
Region- Describes areas that have common features
Movement- describe how people and things are transported from
one place to another
List the three
different map
types
1.Physical maps
2. Political maps
3. Thematic maps
Which maps
show the natural
features of the
Earth?
Physical Map
Which maps can represent a
variety of information
including things like climate,
precipitation, vegetation,
elevation, population, life
expectancy, etc?
Thematic Map
Which maps show how
humans have impacted the
landscape? For example,
city names, roads, country
borders, etc. are all part of
political maps
Political Map
Which part tells what
the map is about?
This is the first part
of the map you
should look at.
Title
This tells the cardinal
directions, which are
north, south, east,
and west.
Compass Rose
This explains what
the symbols on a
map represent, such
as triangles
representing trees.
Key or Legend
This part of the
map is made
parallels and
meridians
Grid
These lines run
across the
globe
horizontally
Latitude
These lines run up
and down,
vertically on the
globe
longitude
This line cuts the
northern hemisphere
and southern
hemisphere in half
equator
This line cuts the
eastern and western
hemisphere in half
Prime Meridian
What are the 8 key
features of a
civilization
1. Cities
2. Central Governments
3. Complex Religion Stable
4. Food Supplies
5. Job Specialization
6. Social Classes
7. Arts & Architecture
8. Writing
Which key feature is described below:
Usually originated with priests
Initially used to create calendars and keep
records of offerings to the gods
Government will use writing to keep track
of public records – taxes, treaties, “official”
documents
Writing
Which key feature is described below:
People were ranked in society based on the
importance of their job
Priests and warriors were typically
considered the most important
Social Classes
Which key feature is described below:
This was created in order to express beliefs and
to honor important figures and deities
Most major construction were building for
religious purposes – temples, tombs – to honor
their gods
Arts & Architecture
Which key feature is described below:
A society needs to have enough of this so it
can survive, plus some extra to trade.
Trading this for goods leads to job
specialization
Stable Food Supplies
Which key feature is described below:
When there is a surplus of food people no
longer have to hunt and gather all day.
They started to focus on the task or craft they
were best at
Artisans develop techniques and technologies
to make their task easier and more efficient
Job Specialization
Which key feature is described below:
Gods controlled forces of Indus Valley Prayer
Statuettes nature
Priests were needed to convey the will of the
gods
It was everyone’s responsibility to make sure
the gods were happy
Complex Religion
Which key feature is described below:
Needed to oversee irrigation projects
and other public works
Ensure steady supply of food
Create and uphold laws
Defend citizens
Collect taxes
Central Governments
Which key feature is described below:
Center of trade
Centers of cultural diffusion
Cities
Which continent was
Mesopotamia located on?
Asia
Which continent is Egypt located
on?
Africa
Which continent is India located
on?
Asia
Which continent is Peru located
on?
South
America
Which continent is the United
States located on?
North America
Which continent is China
located on?
Asia
Which continent is England,
France, and Germany located
on?
Europe
Name 3 comparisons of the
Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s
Both
• Both used stone tools as well as bones, sticks,
shells, and other materials
• People in both periods had some form of
religion.
• People included both meat and vegetables in
their diet
• Used fire to cook and fire pottery
Name 3 contrasts of the
Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s
Paleolithic
Lasted from around 2 million to around 12,000 years ago.
People were hunters and gathers; spent lives seeking food.
Constant struggle for survival; lives were short.
People lived mostly in caves found following migrating animals.
Cave paintings/drawings believed to have been part of religious rituals about the hunt.
Tombs with bones, food, tools, and weapons indicate belief in life after death
People lived in small groups, led by tribal elder or strongest hunter.
Women were mainly gatherers and were knowledgeable about plants and herbs
Developed many new skills including the use and making of fire.
Neolithic
Lasted from about 10,000 until about 4,000 B.C.
People farmed, settled in villages, and built permanent homes.
No longer need to search for food, so people developed new job skills.
Division of labor meant different people did different jobs that contributed to the needs of the
community.
System of weights and measurements established “payment” of goods and services
Strong leaders gained power and made laws to protect people
Kings and gods were worshipped; temples were built for formal religious ceremonies
People worshiped many gods
Villages grew into cities
Cities traded goods with other cities
Why was Mesopotamia
one of the earliest areas
of settlement in world
history?
Because the land
between the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers was
fertile for farming
What current day country
is Mesopotamia located
in?
IRAQ
What were 4 empires of
Ancient Mesopotamia?
Sumerian
Akkadian
Babylonian
Assyrian
Mesopotamia was located
between which two
rivers?
Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers
How did the city-states of
Mesopotamia use written
language in the
organization of their
societies?
Writing allowed people to keep records of
their transactions
People could send messages with couriers
to far away lands without traveling
Writing allowed people to pass on their
accumulated knowledge to future
generations
How do the laws of
Hammurabi compare
to our laws today?
Both Hammurabi's Code
and our laws today
prescribed specific
punishments for citizens
who brake the law.
What are the major
geographic features
of ancient Egypt?
Egypt boarders both the Red Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea making it easy for
Trade.
There are desserts to the East and West,
making it difficult for others to conquer
Egypt.
And the Niles river flows through Egypt,
which creates a good environment for
farming.
What were the
religious beliefs and
practices of the
ancient Egyptians?
The Egyptians believed in many gods
who controlled different things
They built temples and shrines to honor
their gods.
The Egyptians believed in an “afterlife.”
What was the
Egyptian writing
system called?
Egyptians developed a form of picture or
symbol writing known as hieroglyphics.
Name four
contributions of
Ancient Egypt.
Language: Hieroglyphics
Architecture: Pyramids
Inventions: 365 day calendar, papyrus
(paper), irrigation system, mathematics,
medicine, weapons, chariots
Art: statues, paintings, jewelry
Name and describe
the 4 types of
government
Monarchy (rule of a king)
Oligarchy (rule of the few)
Tyranny (rule by one who ruled
without legal authority)
Democracy (rule of the people)
How did the
geography of Greece
isolate developing
city-states
Numerous MOUNTAIN RANGES, which
crisscross the peninsula, made it hard
for cities to communicate and led to
the development of independent citystates.
Who was a citizen in
Athens and what
were their rights and
responsibilities?
Only adult males born in
Athens were citizens. They
were part of the assembly
and had the responsibility
to vote.
Where was the birth
place of democracy?
Athens
What are 4 cultural
achievements of
Ancient Greece?
Greek Literature & Drama
Greek Architecture
Greek Mathematics
Greek Philosophy
Greek Astronomy & Geography
Greek Engineering
Greek Art
Greek Sculpture
Greek Medicine
Discuss two ways in which the Roman
Empire adapted to its geography?
Rome adapted to it’s geography
buy building Roads. The second
way is through the use of
waterways buy building deep
harbors and ships for trade.
Name three achievements of the
Ancient Romans that have influenced
American culture today.
Latin Languages
Roman Calendar
Roman Law
Roman Architecture
Aqueducts, hot water systems
Roman Roads
Spread of Christianity
Explain the political, social,
economic, and military factors
that contributed to the fall of
Rome.
How did Confucianism and
Daoism create order in ancient
China?
Confucius taught that society worked well
when all people behaved well. Values such
as respect for elders, proper behavior and
love of education became woven into
Chinese culture.
Daoism taught that people gained
happiness and peace by living in harmony
with nature. This encouraged rulers to
govern less harshly
What were the main ideas of
Confucianism?
What was the Silk Road
and how did it affect
Chinese society and the
world?
The Silk Road was a network of
routes stretching more than 4,000
miles across Asia’s deserts and
mountain ranges, through the
Middle East and stopping at the
Mediterranean Sea.
China grew rich from trading silk
with other lands.
What were some of the
accomplishments of
Ancient China?
Paper
Printing
The Compass
Gunpowder
Kites
Silk Road
How did the geography of
the Indian subcontinent
isolate India from the rest
of the world?
India is largely separated from
Asia by the Himalayan
Mountains in the north and the
Hindu Kush Mountains in the
west.
West of the Himalayas is a vast
desert.
What are the main beliefs
and practices of the Hindu
religion?
-Believe in many gods
-Gains Moksha and become on
with everything in universe
-Believe in existence of the Soul
-believed in rebirth/
reincarnation
-looked to achieve enlightenment
What was the social
structure set up by the
Caste system?
There were 4 social castes
Brahmins – Priests, Teachers, Judges; usually don’t
own land therefore need other castes to work the
land and provide for them
Kshatriyas – Warriors and Rulers (landowners)
Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants, Farmers
Sudras – Unskilled Workers—Laborers and Craft
workers
Below these four castes are people who belong to no
caste
Untouchables – Outcastes, Children of God
What are the main
teachings of Buddhism?
-No belief in gods
-Gains Nirvana by detaching from
everything until nothing remains
-Buddha is the founder
-Does not believe in existence of
the Soul
-believed in rebirth/
reincarnation
-looked to achieve enlightenment
Compare and Contrast
Hinduism and Buddhism.
Hinduism
-Belief in gods
-Gains Moksha and become on with everything in universe
-No founder
-Believe in existence of the Soul
Both
-Started in India
-believed in rebirth/
reincarnation
-looked to achieve enlightenment
Buddhism
-No belief in gods
-Gains Nirvana by detaching from everything until nothing remains
-Buddha is the founder
-Does not believe in existence of the Soul
What were the major
achievements of the
Gupta Empire?
Universities
Literature
Painting
Sculpture
Metalwork
Mathematics
Describe the difference
between the government
of the Maya and the
government of the Inca
The Maya were NOT AN EMPIRE
and NOT UNITED politically…
Inca government was well
organized and the Sapa
Inca(Emperor) was the absolute
ruler
Where were the Mayan’s,
Aztec, and Inca located?
Aztecs were located in central
Mexico, their capital is modern day
Mexico city
Mayans were located in Yucatan
Peninsula- Mexico and Guatemala
Inca were located in Peru in the
Andes Mountain