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What are these figures?
36,376
9,838
38,060
Module three Topic two
Driving safety
Why Drive Safely?
1. Accident costs much
2. Tourist expectation not met
3. Driver expectation not met
4. Government is concern
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Accident costs?
• Physical damage
• Property damage
• Medical costs
• Liability costs
1. Damage to:
• Your vehicle
• Yours and passengers’
property
• Other vehicle/s
2. Injuries.
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5
Driving Safety Statistics
•
Someone is
injured every 18 seconds
•
A person
dies
in a crash
every
11 minutes
• Over 2 million injuries annually are disabling
• Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of death
• 1 in 4 fatal work injuries involves a vehicle accident.
Road Traffic Accidents: The modern Killer
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Globally
1.2 million die
in road accidents every year
50 million
are injured
A further
* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO
Global Road accident deaths
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* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO
Global deaths: income group
8
Low income countries
21.5 deaths per 100,000
Middle income countries
19.5 deaths per 100,000
High income countries
10.3 deaths per 100,000
* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO
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Global Deaths Vs Registered vehicles
Population
Road traffic deaths
Registered vahicles
High
income
countries
Middle
income
countries
Low income
countries
* Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO
Viet Nam:
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number of accidents, deaths and injuries
Accidents
Deaths
40000
Injuries
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
Injuries
5000
Deaths
0
2010
Accidents
2011
2012
Viet Nam traffic accidents
•
Highest number of traffic accidents compared with other ASEAN
countries
•
One of the highest number of traffic accidents in the world.
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Some accidents
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• Dìn Ký tourist boat
- 16 died
- Driver: no driving license
• A collision between a tourist bus and a train in Hanoi: 9 died.
Tourists expectation
• Life is not at risk
• Healthy and safe
• Enjoy the trip and local
tourist attractions.
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Driver expectation
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•
Safe and sound journey for ALL
•
No risks for driver’s own health
•
No damage for vehicles
•
No damage for others’ health and properties.
•
Achieve Company’s expectation of high standards of performance,
including safe driving.
Government’s efforts
1. National Traffic Safety Committee chaired by a Deputy Prime
Minister
2. Provincial Traffic Safety Committee
3. Traffic safety campaigns
4. TV news programme on traffic safety every morning
5. Safety driving education
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Causes of traffic accidents in Vietnam
1. 90% by Traffic attendants
2. Less than 2% by Traffic infrastructure
3. 1% by Traffic vehicle
4.60% accidents
caused by
drunken drivers
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Recognize Driving Hazards
1. Do you identify the variety of
you could face on the road?
driving hazards
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Recognize Driving Hazards: Human Error - Drivers
1. Skills and experiences
5. Distracted driving
2. Driving attitude
6. Fatigue, tired, …
3. Personal moods and emotion
7. Failure to keep vehicles in
4. Reckless driving
good operating condition
8. Driving under the influence.
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Driving hazards: Dangerous Conditions
1. Bad weather
2. Difficult road conditions
3. Poor light or glare
4. Poor visibility
5. Heavy traffic
6. Road work
7. Accidents
8. Vehicles
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Activity 3.2.5 Driving Hazards: Quiz
•
Reckless driving
•
Distracted driving
•
Fatigue
•
Aggressive driving
•
Vehicles in
poor operating condition
•
Driving under
the influence
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Activity 3.2.5 Driving Hazards: Quiz
• Bad weather
• Difficult road conditions
• Poor light or glare
• Heavy traffic
• Road work
• Accidents
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Factors that help driving safely
Driving safely
Driver
Vehicle
Environment
Defensive driving
• Driving to save lives, time, and money, in spite of the
conditions around you and the actions of others
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_driving)
• Using knowledge and skills to drive in such a way that:
- Do not cause accidents
- Do not involve in accidents.
- Not being in a conditions
to invite accident.
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FIVE key principles of defensive driving
Knowledge
Alertness
Foresight
Skill
Good judgment
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Activity 3.2.6 Posters: Steps of Defensive Driving
Draw a picture that clearly presents the 5 steps of
Defensive Driving!
1. Search or Scan
2. Identify
3. Predict
4. Decide
5. Execute
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What are the
precautions
for defensive driving?
Activity 3.2.7: Problem solving & experience sharing.
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How do you prepare your tourist vehicle in case of bad
weather?
Work in 3 groups of 6-8 persons for discussion (10 min.) and
prepare for group presentation (3 min. max.):
Group 1: Prepare taxi – mini bus – coach
Group 2: Prepare motorbike – xe om
Group 3: Prepare cyclo
Pre-driving preparation
Problem solving & experience sharing:
How do you prepare your vehicle in case of
bad weather: rain, sunny, … to serve tourist?
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Eliminate driving hazards: Pre-Drive Inspection
Walk around
inspection
Windows clean,
nothing blocking
vision
Lights working
properly
Mirrors
properly
adjusted
Tires
Leaks under
vehicle
Eliminate driving hazards: Vehicle Maintenance
Regular tune-ups and check: daily, weekly and periodically
•
Oil changes
•
Fluid levels
•
•
Brakes
Tire treads and pressure
•
•
Lights, signals,
and wipers, mirrors.
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Eliminate driving hazards
Adults and children over 6 years
who drive or sit on motorbike
have to wear helmet.
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Don’t Drink or Take Drugs and Drive
• Alcohol and drugs impair:
- Ability to determine distances
- Reaction time
- Judgment
- Vision
Some medicines can also make drivers drowsy (e.g. cold and flu
meds, anti-histamines, etc.)
• Remember:
- Only time, not coffee, will sober you up
- Ride with a designated driver.
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Eliminate driving hazards: Seat belts
Seat Belts
•
Saved many lives, both driver and
passengers (if seat belts are provided)
•
Prevent crashing into steering wheel,
dash or windshield
•
Keep us inside vehicle
•
Protect body organs
•
Improve chance of remaining conscious
•
Keep us behind the wheel if we have to
swerve or brake suddenly.
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Eliminate driving hazards: Carrying a Load?
•
Don’t overload your vehicle or motor-taxi
•
Make sure everyone has a seat and a seat belt
•
Make sure cargo is properly secured
•
Be certain your vision is not blocked.
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Obey Traffic Rules & Use Common Sense
• Speed limits
• Traffic signs and signals
• Signal your intentions: before overtaking, changing
direction or reversing
• Pass with care and only where allowed.
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Follow the 3-second rule
Input text
Input text
Maintain a minimum safe distance with driver s in front
Do not drive too close
Foresee situations and avoid brake too urgently.
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Do you use mobile phone when driving?
Should you? DO NOT. It makes you distracted !
You need to keep alert all the time.
At the speed of 110 KM/Hours…..
45
Meters
39
Meters
35
Meters
31
Meters
Normal
Drink alcohol
Using mobile phone (with headphone)
Using mobile phone (in hands)
Activity 3.2.8: Problem solving: Group Work
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Work in groups of 4-6 to solve driving problems. Each group must solve a
problem (in 10 minutes) and present it to the rest of the class in 3 minutes
for class discussion.
•
Group 1: - What would you do to keep alert and be prepared?
- How can you avoid the unexpected collisions?
•
Group 2: - What should be considered when driving tourists in a
vehicle (cyclo, xe om, taxi,) in heavy rain or flooded street?
- What do you do to adjust to weather & road conditions
•
Group 3: - What are extra care if driving at night and trouble with
lights?
- What would you do when passing an intersection?
•
Group 4: - What would you do for watching out for fatigue
- What would you do if you get unexpected traffic?
•
Group 5: - What would you do when driving on a slope?
- What would you do at a curve road?
Activity 3.2.8: What would you do to keep alert & be prepared? – Group
1
•
Keep your mind on your driving and your hands on the wheel
•
Scan the road ahead for problems
•
Check mirrors frequently
•
Expect the unexpected
•
Yield to other drivers who are determined to get there first
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Avoid Collisions
Collision situations:
Insert text
Insert text
Insert text
Insert text
How can you avoid the following unexpected collisions?
Insert text
Insert text
Insert text
Insert text
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How to break and stop safely?
•
Observe
•
Anticipate
•
Decide
•
Act
•
Time – Stop.
• Brake & release: will help
1. Avoid skidding
2. Dry the break wheel
3. Check break if works
4. Alert the vehicle behind.
Break and stop urgently
may cause accidents!
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What is the safe parking distance?
Tourist Minibus
Dry
Wet
56kmph
72kmph
88kmph
104kmph
Meters0
50
100
150
200
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What is the safe parking distance?
Tourist coach
Dry
Wet
56kmph
72kmph
88kmph
104kmph
Meters0
50
100
150
200
250
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What is the safe parking distance?
Motorbike
Dry
Wet
56kmph
72kmph
88kmph
104kmph
Meters0
50
100
150
200
250
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How do you pass other vehicles safely?
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Activity 3.2.8: What would you do & why? – Group 2
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Problem solving:
Driving tourists in a vehicle (cyclo , xe om, taxi, …)
in heavy rain or flooded street?
What do you do to adjust to Weather & Road Conditions
Slow down, maintain appropriate speed
•
Turn on lights and wipers
•
Increase following distance to 4 seconds
•
•
•
•
Avoid puddles
Beware of misty rain after a dry spell
Be prepared to handle a skid safely. Don’t break urgently
•
Beware oil on the road in wet weather
•
Don't impede the flow of traffic
•
Stop safely if necessary
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Activity 3.2.8 : What are extra care if driving at night & trouble with
lights? – Group 3
•
Keep windshield clean to improve vision
•
Turn lights on 1/2 hour before sunset
•
Increase following distance to 4 seconds
•
Be extra careful on curves and at intersections
•
Switch from high to low beams to keep
from blinding other drivers
•
If you have trouble, pull completely off
the road and use flashers.
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What would you do when passing an intersection?
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• Rule of yielding to other drivers
• Watch out the road for problems.
• Clearly decide your direction
• Show your intention
Activity 3.2.8: What would you do for watching out for fatigue –
Group 4
•
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Be especially careful during late night, early
morning, and mid-afternoon hours
•
Stop, take a nap, or get some exercise if you’re tired
•
Stop every so often over long distances
•
Avoid medications that cause drowsiness.
What would you do if you get unexpected traffic?
•
Keep your emotions in check
•
Take steps to stay relaxed no matter what
•
Allow enough time to get there
•
Don’t provoke other drivers
•
Report aggressive drivers to the police
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Activity 3.2.8: What would you do when driving on a slope? – Group 5
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What would you do at a curve/bending road?
Vietnamese text
70KM
50KM
45KM
40KM
35KM
25KM
text
text
50KM
40KM
35KM 30KM 25KM 15KM
text
Activity 3.2.9: Handle unexpected problems
What are unexpected problems with:
- Passengers
- Car/Vehicle
- Routes
and how to handle these?
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Activity 3.2.10: Flashcard Game
Name the pictures provided to show the safety
driving checklist for:
- Driving a taxi or a tourist car
- Driving a mini-bus or a coach.
Handout:
- Taxi driver’s checklist
- Coach/minibus driver’s checklist.
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