Nyerere and Tanzania
BY:
BRIA ROBERTSON
TAYLOR ROGHAIR
JIN MEI MCMAHON
AUDRIANNA STUART
ANNIKA ROBERTS
LIZBETH BRAVO
Move to Independence: The Elections
Richard Turnbull
Like a sir.
-1958: Elections were held
-TANU had an overwhelming
victory, winning all 15 seats in
LEGCO
-They showed the British that
Tanganyikans wanted Africans in
power
-Sir Richard Turnbull took over for
Twining and supported Nyerere
and TANU in their push to
independence.
Move to Independence: Post-Election
 -1960: Further elections were held, TANU won
easily.
-1961: Tanganyika granted full independence, with
Nyerere as Prime Minister.
-TANU and African National Congress (ANC) were
two Nationalist parties. TANU had more influence.
-The transition that took place from dependence to
independence was perhaps one of the most peaceful,
and happened entirely through honest politics.
“Uhuru na Kazi," or
"Freedom and
Work"
Prime Minister
Julius Nyerere
Sources:
 Pearson Text: 190-191
 English to Swahili Translator-
http://imtranslator.net/translation/english/toswahili/translation/
Foreign Policy (1961-85)
 Objectives:
 Ensure national security through diplomatic means.
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Support liberation movements in Africa and work towards African unity.
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Goal = a more unified eastern Africa
Treaty for East African Cooperation (1967).
Fell apart because of disagreements of Nyerere and Kenya.
Targeted racist regimes (Southern Rhodesia, Mozambique).
Formed alliance of Front Line States to support liberation movements.
Supported liberation groups from socialist nations, made the west nervous
Promote the policy of non alignment through the Organization of African
Unity (OAU).
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Helped found the OAU with the goals of:
 Unifying Africa, eradicating colonialism, improving the quality of life for all
Africans, and defending independence of African states.
Focused on these goals by adopting the policy of non-alignment (see cold war
positioning).
Source: Pearson text p. 197-198
POLITICAL STRUCTURE
OF TANGANYIKA
WESTMINSTER CONSTITUTIONAL MODEL
 The model Tanganyika first based their government on.
 This model focuses around a democratic, parliamentary
system (like the UK) where executive power is rooted in
Parliament/Cabinet.
 Used by most Commonwealth Nations post-independence.
(British Commonwealth = group of nations aligned with the
Crown, includes former colonies that are now sovereign
states.)
 Nyerere served as Prime Minister until January 1962, when
he resigned.
RESTRUCTURING OF GOVERNMENT
 Nyerere decided the Westminster model was not the
best for Tanganyika.
 He believed in African socialism (“Ujamaa,” focus on
the extended family), not Western capitalism.
 True democracy could occur through a single-party
state where representatives are elected fairly by the
people.
 December 1962: A new constitution was introduced,
making Tanganyika a republic.
NYERERE IN THE NEW REPUBLIC
 The role of Prime Minister was replaced by a
President, and…
 … in December 1962, Nyerere was elected the new
President, winning 97% of the vote. He continued
advocating African socialism and criticizing
capitalism.
SOURCES
Pearson History Text, pages 193-194
Riverside Community College (Political Science)
Wikipedia
The Single Party State
- T A N G A N Y I K A T U R N E D I N T O A O N E P A R T Y S T A T E O N 1 4 TH
OF JANUARY, 1963 BY NYERERE.
-CENTRIFUGAL TENDENCIES TEND TO BE DANGEROUS IN
THESE AREAS.
-Tanzania was divided into 26 regions
-21 on mainland
-3 on Zanzibar
-2 on Pemba
-Minimum voting age was 21
-President had the power of Governor General, first
Prime Minister, Head of State as well as
commander in chief.
Sources: Pearson
Text pg. 196 &
Wikipedia
1965 Constitution
 Interim Constitution of 1964
 Merged Zanzibar and Tanzania into “ United
Republic of Tanzania.”
 Based off of constitution of ’62 with changes
added in agreements with TANU (Tanzania’s
Single Party & Afro-Shirazi Party(ASP) of
Zanzibar).
 Republican constitution of ‘62 gave president
lots of power.
• Changes of 1965:
• Constitution identified 2 single parties TANU
for the Union & ASP for Zanzibar.
• Used to further strengthen single-party.
Sources: Wikipedia
Cold War Positioning
Tanzania has traditionally maintained a
non-aligned during the Cold War.
 Tanzania began to explore the possibility
of moving closer to other socialist states
while still keeping their policy of nonalignment.
 Tanzania becomes more economically
dependent on PRC (Peoples Republic of
China).
 1967= Tanzania globally recognized as
non-aligned.

Pearson
text: pages
198-199
Cold War Positioning Cont.
 1971= Relations between Uganda and Tanzania begin to
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deteriorate with the overthrow of Milton Obote by Idi
Amin.
1978= Ugandan forces attack province of Kagera; war
between Uganda and Tanzania begins.
Nyerere appeals to OAC; OAC does not take any action.
Nyerere orders Ugandan army to attack Uganda.
1979= Occupation of Kampala leads to the defeat of
Uganda and the end of Idi Amin’s government.
Nyerere appoints himself leader of Uganda.
The cost of the war had an impact on Tanzania when they
were trying to implement Nyerere’s socialist reforms.