Respiration 1
Respiration
Respiration 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
1. How exercise affects breathing
2. Aerobic respiration
3. Anaerobic respiration
4. Oxygen debt
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Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you
should be able to:
• Understand what respiration is
• Describe the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Explain how each type of respiration
works
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Respiration
Respiration is when exercise
causes muscles to release energy in
the form of glucose.
Both aerobic and anaerobic
respiration convert glucose into
energy.
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The body can use both types of
respiration depending on the
intensity of the exercise.
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The amount of oxygen taken in can
increase. The limit to the increase is
called the VO2 maximum.
During exercise, the vital capacity
will increase because of the demand
for greater intake of air. Both the
residual volume and the tidal
volume increase only slightly.
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Aerobic respiration
During aerobic respiration your
heart and lungs work to supply the
muscles with oxygen.
The aerobic system is used in
moderate to hard continuous
activities.http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=j_Yk1xeSLRk
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The equation for respiration is:
glucose + oxygen =
CO2 + H2O + energy
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As long as
enough oxygen is
supplied to the
muscles you can
use the aerobic
system.
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Anaerobic respiration
During anaerobic respiration the
muscles are NOT supplied with
oxygen.
glucose + NO oxygen
lactic acid + energy
Usain Bolt
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By1JQFxfLMM
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Athletic field events are
good examples of
anaerobic exercise.
These activities use one
all-out burst of
maximum effort to
complete the event; the
time it takes to
complete the attempt is
very short.
Lactic acid
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqBerM9FPwA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1UvxxYIv3U&NR=
1
•
Lactic acid is a poison. It builds up slowly during exercise that is up to 75% of
maximum work rate. During higher intensity work it builds up much more quickly.
•
Lactic acid can also occur when glycogen stores begin to run low in the muscles
after prolonged exercise.
•
After a while lactic acid makes the muscles ache. It will eventually cause cramp
and the muscles will stop working. Athletes need to rest while the blood brings
fresh supplies of oxygen.
Oxygen debt
• After Anaerobic respiration Our body then needs to recover
and take on oxygen before the muscles can work properly
again.
• The repayment comes in the form of gasping breaths at the
end of an activity.
• This is to enable as much oxygen as possible to get back into
the respiratory system and to get rid of as much of the waste
product as possible (lactic Acid).
• Definition
• Oxygen debt – the amount of oxygen needed to get the body
back to its resting rate
The effect of lifestyle on the
cardiovascular system.
• When athletes train it is really important for them to allow
time to rest so the body can repair and recover.
• This is particularly important after cardiovascular training
sessions. Rest allows the heart to grow and thicken in size
and allows the capillary network to grow.
• When you start training you should allow the body one day
rest after a cardiovascular training session.
• As you get fitter and stronger you can reduce the amount of
rest days a week you need.
Damage to the cardiovascular system
•
•
•
•
High cholesterol
Recreational drugs
Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise
Stress
•
•
•
High cholesterol
Your body needs cholesterol but there are 2 types
Bad - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - to much can clog up your arteries and put
strain on your cardiovascular sytem.
Good - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - helps keep arteries clear and break down
LDL's. Can be increased with exercising.
•
•
Eating foods that are high in fat increases your cholesterol intake. Although your
body needs fat you should keep track of the fat you consume and try to have god
fats instead of low bad fats.
Recreational drugs
• Alcohol and Nicotine increase blood pressure
Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise
• If you do not exercise you do not get the benefits that exercise have on the
cardiovascular system. Also lack of exercise can be linked to gaining
weight as calories are not burnt off with exercise.
Stress
• On going stress in every day life has a negative affect on your
cardiovascular system as it increases resting heart rate and raises blood
pressure.
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Working together
Both the aerobic and anaerobic
respiration systems work together.
For the first part of an activity the body
tends to work in an anaerobic way until
the body has had a chance to process
and use the oxygen it is breathing in.
The aerobic system then takes over for
activities lasting longer than a minute.
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Task
With a partner, make a list of the
positive and negative effects of
aerobic and anaerobic training on
performance.
For each effect add a detailed
sporting example.
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Short-term effects on exercise
Tidal volume
increases
Blood flow
reduced to
areas not in
use
Fatigue in
muscles
Oxygen debt
Gaseous
exchange in
alveoli
Aerobic
respiration
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Stroke volume
increases as the heart
sends out more blood
per beat
Release of
energy
Heart beat
increases
Adrenaline
released
Air exhaled to
stop build up of
carbon dioxide
Waste water
released from the
body as sweat on
surface of the skin
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Long-term effects on exercise
Endurance training makes the
exchange of gases in the alveoli
more efficient.
The muscles are able to work at a
moderate to hard level for longer
without tiring, which increases the
vital capacity of the lungs.
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Interval training over short distances at
fast speeds results in an oxygen debt.
By continuing this form of training new
capillaries are formed, heart muscles are
strengthened and the delivery of oxygen
is improved, helping to stop the build up
of lactic acid.
The overall effect is called an oxygen
debt tolerance.
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Exam questions
1. What are the two energy
production systems used by the
body when taking part in sport?
2. What sports does aerobic
respiration help most
effectively? Give two examples.
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What you have learnt
in this topic:
1. How exercise affects breathing
2. Aerobic respiration
3. Anaerobic respiration
4. Oxygen debt
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Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
• Understand what respiration is
• Describe the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• Explain how each type of
respiration works