AGEH 28, Fall 2013 Shasta College Arboretum Fraxinus latifolia, Oregon ash olive family, Oleaceae Fraxinus latifolia, Oregon ash olive family, Oleaceae • Deciduous tree to 40-80 x 30-50 ft; native to Sierra Nevada, and N. Calif to BC • ID: Lvs 6-12 ”, 5-7 leaflets, end leaflet larger than side ones; tree dioecious (sexes on separate plants); fruit a flat samara with a terminal wing, hanging in clusters • Care: Sun, no irrigation when established; tolerates standing water in winter • Value: fall color!! • Problems: leaf spot fungi even on healthy plants, heart rot on older trees, various insects Nyssa sylvatica, sourgum, tupelo; Nyssa family, Nyssaceae Nyssa sylvatica, Sourgum, tupelo Nyssa sylvatica, Sourgum, tupelo, Nyssa family (Nyssaceae) • Native to eastern US; 30-50 x 15-25 ft • Likes moist deep soil, will tolerate some drought, takes poorly drained, heavy soils • Excellent shade tree; fruit sour, but attractive to birds; good fall color even in mild winter climates • Fruit a drupe (like olive) Albizia julibrissin, silk tree, “mimosa” Pea family, Fabaceae Albizia (Albizzia) julibrissin, silk tree, “mimosa” • Native to Asia • ID: Tree to 40 ft, twice as wide as high Leaves 2x pinnate, Flowers powder-puff, ‘Rosea’ has richer pink • Value: Likes high summer heat; tolerates low water; makes shade; flowers fragrant, attract bees and hummingbirds • Problems: somewhat invasive in moist places; a bit messy, Euonymus alatus, winged burning bush Euonymus alatus, winged burning bush FALL COLOR!! Euonymus alatus, winged burning bush • Native to northern Asia; needs moderate water • ID: leaves opposite, oval, 2 in., twigs usually with corky wings • Tolerates full shade, but best color in sun or part shade • Species plants can be large (20 ft); buy compact forms ‘Compacta’, etc.; good against dark evergreens (brick walls???) Invasive in wildlands where there is summer rain (by seeds) Hibiscus syriacus, rose of sharon Hibiscus syriacus, rose of sharon • Deciduous shrub from E. Asia • 10-12 x 6-12 ft.; can be trained as small tree, espalier • Likes heat, needs sun and moderate water to bloom well Hibiscus syriacus, rose of sharon • Can seed around; buy good forms (sterile triploids: Aphrodite, Diana, Helene, Minerva); • For larger flowers, cut back last season’s growth to 2 buds Populus nigra ‘Italica’, Lombardy poplar Populus nigra ‘Italica’, Lombardy poplar • Native to Europe; grows 50-100 x 10-30 ft. • ID: tall and narrow; leaf slightly diamond-shaped at base, narrowed to long tip, serrate • Value: Fast and tough; good for hot summer/cold winter climates; yellow fall color; dramatic in the landscape; wooden shoes • Problems: suckers profusely, heaves, clogs sewer pipes Populus nigra ‘Italica’, Lombardy poplar • Forms: ‘Italica’ is a male form, no seeds; female poplars produce lots of cottony fruit Syringa vulgaris, common lilac ID: shrub, to 20 x 20 ft; leaf heart-shaped (cordate); fragrant flowers Syringa vulgaris, common lilac • Native to E. Europe • Needs: sun/ part shade; some water; winter chill, neutral to alkaline soil (add lime if needed) • Care: Must prune just after flowering (you have a week, maybe); also, prune out a few of the oldest stems each year to encourage new growth • Forms: Zillions (hundreds) of varieties Salix babylonica, weeping willow Salix babylonica, weeping willow • Tolerates poor drainage • Large tree (50 ft high and wide), rather short-lived, with weak wood; not suitable for city lots • Largely replaced in gardens by S. x sepulcralis ‘Chrysocoma’; there are also other better forms for this same look. Taxodium distichum, swamp cypress Taxodium distichum, swamp cypress Taxodium distichum, swamp cypress • Native to southeastern US • 100 ft in the wild, but garden trees 50-70 x 20-30 ft. • Very tough, tolerant, deciduous conifers of great size, with shaggy bark and graceful sprays of needlelike leaves. Takes waterlogged or dry soils; good for streambank or lake edge. Metasequoia glyptostroboides, dawn redwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides, dawn redwood • Native to China; thought to be extinct for millions of years but found again in 1940s. • Deciduous conifer. Fast growth when young, to a pyramid-shaped adult of 90 x 20 ft. Likes moisture, so grows in lawns, but surface roots lift turf eventually. Winter form sometimes gawky. • Resists oak root fungus. Dawn redwood vs. swamp cypress Dawn redwood vs. swamp cypress Cornus stolonifera, redtwig dogwood & yellowtwig dogwood C. s. ‘Arctic Fire’ C. s. ‘Flaviramea’ Cornus stolonifera, redtwig dogwood & yellowtwig dogwood Native to n. Cal and north to Alaska ID: multistem shrub 7-9 x 12 ft. Spreads via underground stems and rooting branches Leaves 1.5 – 2.5 in, oval, deep green; flrs small, white, in clusters; fruits white or bluish Value: 4 Fs, esp. red or orange fall color, and red or yellow winter twigs Cornus stolonifera, redtwig dogwood & yellowtwig dogwood • Care: sun to part shade, regular water (streamside plant in the wild); cut back SEVERELY in late dormant season • Use: thrives in coldest mountains, even in valleys of S. Cal, useful for streambanks, property boundaries, screen • Names: aka red osier dogwood; Cornus sericea very similar Forsythia x intermedia, forsythia Forsythia x intermedia, forsythia Origin: China, olive family ID: 4-petal yellow flowers, vase-shaped or arching shrub; leaves oval with pointed tip, serrate; bark with lenticels Forsythia x intermedia, forsythia • Value: yellow flowers in early spring; tough; very cold hardy; can be forced by picking stems in bud • Care: sun, moderate water; prune 1/3 of oldest branches to ground each year • Forms: get good ones! Sophora japonica, “popbead tree” J. pagoda tree, Ch. scholar tree Sophora japonica, “popbead tree” J. pagoda tree, Ch. scholar tree • • • • • Native to China, Korea, Japan 60 ft high, 2/3 as wide Use for park, shade Leaves compound, alternate Flowers pea-flower-shaped, white, bloom in summer (August) • One of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine • (aka Styphnolobium japonicum) Symphoricarpos x chenaultii, coralberry Symphoricarpos x chenaultii, coralberry • Native to North America; this form is a hybrid of S. orbiculatus from eastern US. • To about 6 ft; best used as a wild thicket for erosion control on steep banks, spreads by root suckers; needs part to full shade in hot climates. • Cut stems nice for winter arrangements. • There is a one-foot dwarf ‘Hancock’ valued as woodland groundcover. Alnus cordata, Italian alder Alnus cordata, Italian alder • Native to Italy and Corsica • ID: 40 x 25 ft.; growth vertical when young; leaf heart-shaped, 4 in., glossy rich green; flrs = male soft catkins and female woody catkins (“cones”) • Value: good near creeks, fast growth, flrs good display before lvs; favored in the SW • “More restrained than A. rhombifolia.” • White alder is our native tall alder Liriodendron tulipifera, tulip tree magnolia family--Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera, tulip tree • Native to eastern United States • Tallest deciduous tree in the world—200+ ft. in the wild • Yellow fall color, even in S. Calif. Liriodendron tulipifera, tulip tree • Flowers not showy, as carried high on tree; but beautiful up close. Starts blooming when 12-15 years old • Likes deep rich soil, roots shallow so cannot garden under them • Susceptible to Ganoderma root/butt rot fungus. Liriodendron tulipifera, tulip tree Because of its tall, straight trunk and wood that is soft, lightweight, straight-grained, resistant to splitting, and easily worked, Native Americans and early pioneers frequently hollowed out a single log to make a long dugout canoe. Its wood is sold commercially as “yellow poplar,” & used for furniture, musical instruments, interior finishes, shingles, & boats. Liriodendron tulipifera, tulip tree • ID—tall straight growth, 4-lobed leaves like no other. • ‘tulipfera’ means ‘tulip bearing’ Magnolia family (Magnoliaceae) Ancient flowering plant group; some of the earliest fossil flowers found look like magnolias Magnolia x soulangeana ‘Rustica Rubra’; RR saucer magnolia More pix Magnolia x soulangeana ‘Rustica Rubra’ Saucer Magnolia 10-25 x 10-15 ft; Value: spectacular bloom in deep pink before leaves; this form with spectacular fruits (pendent, rose pink, with red “seeds”) attractive to birds Hybrid of M. denudata and M. liliiflora Magnolia x soulangeana ‘Rustica Rubra’ Saucer Magnolia Fruit a follicle, shaped like misshapen sausage from side; this is a view from below What’s a follicle? A follicle is a dry fruit, developing from a single pistil, opening along one side; magnolia fruit is an aggregate of follicles (this magnolia fruit is typical of bull bay magnolia, not typical of saucer magnolia) Wistaria sinensis, Chinese wisteria Wistaria sinensis, Chinese wisteria • VIGOROUS vine, beautiful but messy • Invasive into moist areas • Most common wisteria in West • Leaves with 9-13 leaflets • Notice the direction of twining for ID: Counterclockwise= W. sinensis; Clockwise= W. floribunda • Plant toxic (esp seeds) • Prune in winter Celtis australis hackberry Celtis australis hackberry Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle • Colorful and long lasting flowers • Blooms in the summer and autumn • Panicles of crinkled flowers with crepe-like texture Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle • Bark shed throughout the year Lagerstroemia indica Crape Myrtle • From China and Korea • Huge variety of cultivars • Best in mild climates that are not overly humid such as inland California and Texas Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn Crategus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn • White to red flowers • Dense growth • Menacing thorns can make an inpenetrable hedge Crategus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn • Red pea-sized fruits are relished by birds. • Can be cooked into jellies and jams. Malus zumi Radiant Crabapple Malus zumi Radiant Crabapple • Many different cultivars • Hardier and more tolerant of wet soil than other stonefruit • Most useful and least troublesome of flowering trees • They can tolerate the heat Spiraea japonica Goldflame Spiraea japonica Glodflame • New growth is bronze-red turning bright yellow, then eventually mid-green • Dark pink flowers produced mid to late summer • Easy to grow • Enjoys sunny spot in moist well-drained soil