Warm Up:
Find 2 examples of each of the 5 themes of
AP World History in chapters 1-14 of your
textbooks.
Write these in your own words so you can
explain them to your classmates
The Five Themes of AP World History:
Theme 1 – Interaction between humans and the environment
Theme 2 – Development and interaction of cultures
Theme 3 – State-building, expansion and conflict
Theme 4 – Creation, expansion and interactions of economic systems
Theme 5 – Development and transformation of social structures
Work with a partner and
compare your examples
(5minutes)
Chapter 15
The Maritime Revolution, to 1550
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
A.
1.
•
•
The Pacific Ocean
Polynesian Sailors
Sailed across the Pacific and spread Polynesian culture
Fiji, Tahiti, Hawaii, New Zealand, Easter Island
Made journeys of over 2,000 nautical miles
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
2. Polynesian Technology
• Outrigger canoes
- Combination of oars
and sails
- Fast
- Stable in rough waters
• Lacked navigational
equipment
• written language
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
3. Polynesian Motives
• Expand political power
• Relive population pressure due to limited
resources
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
B. The Indian Ocean
1. Chinese Exploration
• Ming traders wanted to establish direct contact
with people around Indian Ocean
Motives
- Increase trade
- Project power
- Curiosity
• Sent out 7 imperial fleets between 1405-1433
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
2. Chinese Maritime Technology
• Imperial fleets led by Admiral Zheng He
• Fleet consisted of 62 “treasure ships”
- 300 ft long by 150 ft wide
- Nine mast, twelve sails
- Capacity of 3,000 tons
• Hundreds of smaller ships
• 27,000 people including infantry and Calvary
Treasure Ship
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
3. Impacts of Chinese Explorations
• Stimulated trade between China and Indian
Ocean peoples
• Ming officials opposed high cost of voyages, as
well as increased contact with “barbarians”
• China’s withdrawal left a power vacuum in the
Indian Ocean
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
C. The Atlantic Ocean
1. The Vikings
• Permanently settled islands of the North Atlantic
- Iceland and Greenland
• Leif Ericsson established a small & short lived
Viking settlement in Newfoundland, called
Vinland in 1000
- Abandoned in 1200
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
2. Viking technology
• Longships
- Combination of oars and
sails
- Capable of sailing on
open seas and rivers
- fast
• No compass, were able to
use stars to plot their
course
• “sunstones”
I. Global Maritime Expansion Before
1450
3. Viking Motives
• Limited resources
• Population pressure
• Expansion of political power
Voyages of the Vikings
Compare
The maritime expansion before 1450 of 2 of the
following groups:
•Polynesians
•Chinese
•Vikings
Warm Up:
Work with a partner to develop a
thesis to answer the prompt:
Compare the maritime expansion before 1450 of 2 of
the following groups:
•Polynesians
•Chinese
•Vikings
Remember: The thesis must directly address the question, a simple restatement will
NOT suffice
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
A.
1.
•
•
Motives
Four Trends
Revival of urban life and trade
European “alliance” between merchants and
rulers
• Islamic domination of the Mediterranean
• Curiosity about the outside world
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
2. Iberian Kingdoms
• Spain and Portugal
• Centuries of warfare with Muslim kingdoms
- “Reconquesta”
• Spain unified in 1462
• Last Muslim kingdom of Grenada conquered
in 1492
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
B. Portuguese Voyages
1. Anti-Muslim warfare
• Portugal attacked Muslim Morocco in 1415
- Religious crusade, plundering expedition,
military tournament
• Portuguese became aware of African gold and
slave trade
• Sought direct contact with African gold
producers
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
2. Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)
• Promoted exploration
• Founded a school to study navigation
- Collection of geographic information
• Improved navigational equipment
- Magnetic compass
- Astrolabe
• Improved ship design
- caravel
Caravel
• Small in size
- Able to enter shallow
coastal water
- Explore upriver
• Triangular lateen sail
- Could sail upwind
- Maneuverable
- Fast
• Cannons
Warm Up:
Use your textbook (pg 419-422) to answer the
following questions:
1. Where did Portuguese sailors explore?
2. What contributions to the Maritime
revolution did Portuguese explorers make?
3. How did the Portuguese pay for these
voyages?
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
C. Spanish Voyages
1. Christopher Columbus
• Italian mariner
• Goal was to find a shorter route
to Asia
- sail west to avoid long southern
route around Africa
• Portuguese rejected plan
• King Ferdinand and Isabella of
Spain agreed to finance the
journey in 1492
• Landed in the Caribbean in
1492
• Believed he was in East Indies
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
2. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
• Spain and Portugal disputed claims to the
“New World”
• The Pope divided unclaimed land between
them
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
• Who was consulted?
• Who was not consulted?
• Who might resent this treaty?
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
3. Ferdinand Magellan
• Led first successful expedition around the
globe (1519-1524)
- died during the journey in the Philippines
II. European Expansion 1400-1500
4. Effects of Exploration
• Basis for large colonial empires in the
Americas
• Growth of new trade network
• Columbian Exchange- exchange of plants,
animals, ideas and diseases between the
Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Count of by 3’s
• Use your textbooks (pgs 425-431) to describe European encounters with:
1. Western Africa,
2. Eastern Africa
3. the Indian Ocean States
• Find at least one example of three of the Five themes of AP World History
The Five Themes of AP World History:
Theme 1 – Interaction between humans and the environment
Theme 2 – Development and interaction of cultures
Theme 3 – State-building, expansion and conflict
Theme 4 – Creation, expansion and interactions of economic systems
Theme 5 – Development and transformation of social structures
Warm Up:
Describe the relationship between the
Portuguese and the people of Africa and
India?
Read Kongo’s Christian King
pages 428-429
Answer Questions 1-4
Read “Columbus”
III. Encounters with Europe
A.
1.
•
•
-
The Americas
Spanish Advantages
Guns
Germs
European viruses killed large numbers of
native Americans
- Weakening their ability to resist
• Steel
II. Encounters with Europe
2. Conquistadors
• After Columbus, the Spanish wanted to
continue their exploration of the new world
• Goals of “gold, god and conquest”
• Expeditions included explorers, soldiers, and
priests
II. Encounters with Europe
3. Hernan Cortes
• Landed in Mexico with
600 soldiers
• The Aztec emperor,
Montezuma II initially
welcomed the Cortes
- who they believed was a
God
• Cortes and his men were
able to conquer the Aztec
Empire
II. Encounters with Europe
4. Francisco Pizarro
• 180 men, 37 horses and
2 cannon
• Pizarro and men were
able to conquer the
Incan Empire
II. Encounters with Europe
5. Results of Spanish Conquest
• Spain established massive empires in the
Americas
• Huge amounts of gold and silver flow from the
Americas to Europe
• Indigenous cultures in the Americas declined
• Native American deaths as a result of disease,
fighting and enslavement
Read “Bartolome De Las Casas”
Conquistador DBQ