Keystone Nonfiction
L.N.1.3
L.N.2.1
L.N.1.3 Use appropriate strategies to comprehend
literature during the reading process.
• L.N.1.3.1 Identify and/or explain stated or implied
main ideas and relevant supporting details from a
text.
• Note: Items may target specific paragraphs.
• According to the passage, what was Franklin’s
first job upon arriving in Philadelphia?
• A. baker
• B. sailor
• C. printer
• D. teacher
L.N.1.3 Use appropriate strategies to comprehend
literature during the reading process.
• L.N.1.3.2 Summarize the key details and events of a nonfictional
text, in part or as a whole.
• Read the incomplete summary of the passage.
• •• Apples are a commonly eaten fruit with many health benefits.
• •• Apples are good for the heart since they contain antioxidants,
fiber, and flavonoids.
• •• Studies have shown that apples can provide protection against
asthma.
• Which sentence best completes the summary?
• A. Cloudy apple juice is better for the body than clear apple juice.
• B. People should eat three medium-sized apples per week to get
their key benefits.
• C. The apple is actually a member of the rose family.
• D. The apple tree originally came from Europe and Asia.
L.N.1.3 Use appropriate strategies to comprehend
literature during the reading process.
• L.N.1.3.3 Analyze the interrelationships of ideas and events
in text to determine how one idea or event may interact
and influence another.
• Based on information in the passage, how does the fiber in
apples relate to improved heart health?
• A. Fiber can help protect the walls of blood vessels from
damage.
• B. Fiber helps the oxygen in blood work more efficiently.
• C. Fiber can help keep bad cholesterol levels under control.
• D. Fiber helps keep blood platelets from clumping together.
Quiz Time
• 1. It was backward day at school. The students had to
do things backwards. Some of them wore their t-shirt
backward. They took a test before they studied the
lesson! Dessert was served first instead of last at lunch.
They tried to walk home backward, but they kept
bumping into each other and fell down. What is the
main idea in this paragraph?
• A) Students had a backwards day.
B) Dessert is supposed to come last.
C) It is hard to do things backwards.
D) Students failed their test.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• 2. Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly
on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then
jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up it went.
Then down, down, down into the basket. "Yes!" he
yelled. "Nothing but the net!" What is the main idea in
this passage?
• A) Jon makes a basket.
B) How to throw a basketball.
C) Jon likes basketball.
D) Jon can jump high.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants.
They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to
talk to these mechanical helpers and they will be able to respond in
kind! Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from
experience. They will be smart, strong, and untiring workers whose
only goal will be to make our lives easier. What is the main idea in this
paragraph?
• A) Someday we will have robots that will be our personal servants.
B) We will be able to talk to robots and they will be able to respond.
C) Robots will look and behave much like real humans.
D) Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from
experience.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• The frog sat on the side of the pond. He was very still.
His green color made him hard to see. A bug flew near
him. His tongue zipped out, and he gobbled it up. Then
the frog was still again. He waited for the next bug.
What is the main idea in this paragraph?
• A) Frogs live in ponds.
B) Frogs do not move.
C) Frogs eat bugs and sit on lily pads.
D) Frogs are green.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• Please come home soon! I miss you so much Maria. I
can't sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your soft
sweet voice and see your quiet brown eyes. I miss the
special way you like to eat your spaghetti with your
fingers. Please come home soon! What is the main idea
in this paragraph?
• A) Maria, you need to clean your room.
B) Maria, I have lost my appetite.
C) Maria, I miss you.
D) Maria, you have bad manners.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• The first people to wear sunglasses were the Inuit
(Eskimos) in North America. They needed sunglasses
because the sun and the snow were too bright for their
eyes. They made them out of the skin and bones of
animals. What is this passage mainly about?
• A) Eskimos
B) The History of Sunglasses
C) Inuits
D) Islanders
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• 7. Patty loves to play games. Her favorite game is Chess
because it requires a great deal of thought. Patty also likes
to play less demanding board games that are based mostly
on luck. She prefers Monopoly because it requires luck and
skill. if she's alone, Patty likes to play action videos as long
as they aren't too violent. What is this paragraph mainly
about?
• A) Patty loves to play games
B) Patty loves to play monopoly the most
C) Patty likes action videos as long as they aren't too violent
D) Patty likes games that require luck
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• 8. Sonny watches too much television. A toddler shouldn't
spend hours sitting in front of a television screen. Worse
yet, some of his wild behavior has been inspired by those
awful cartoons he watches. His parents should spend more
time reading or playing games with him and pull the plug
on the TV! A baby needs more attention than just keeping
them occupied and quiet. What is the main idea of this
paragraph?
• A) Watching a lot of television is bad for Sonny.
B) All cartoons are bad.
C) Books are good to read to a toddler.
D) Watching a lot of television is good for a baby.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• 9. Many people claim that they do not have time to work exercise
into their daily schedules. However, exercise can be easily worked
one’
’s daily routine. For instance, one can do stretches while taking a
shower. While standing in line at the grocery store, one can flex the
abs or clench the rear. One can even do calf raises while talking on
the phone. More ideas: try walking around the building during
lunch breaks and always take the stairs. What is the main idea in
this passage?
• A) Exercise can be easily worked into one’’s daily routine
B) Exercise is good for you
C) One can even do calf raises while talking on the phone
D) Many people claim that they do not have time to work exercise
into their daily schedules.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
Quiz Time
• 10. There are a number of activities that can be used to enhance your
emotional growth. First, you can keep a daily journal. Writing down
thoughts is an effective way of achieving better self-understanding.
Second, you can join a support group. Sharing experiences creates an
environment that will support your efforts to grow as a more interesting
person. Third, take an assertiveness training course. Last, seek counseling.
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
• A) Writing down thoughts is an effective way of achieving better selfunderstanding.
B) There are a number of activities that can be used to enhance your
emotional growth.
C) Sharing experiences creates an environment that will support your
efforts to grow as a more interesting person.
D) Third, take an assertiveness training course.
• http://www.thatquiz.org/tq/previewtest?KRUW2232
L.N.2.1 Use appropriate strategies to make
and support interpretations of literature.
• L.N.2.1.1 Make inferences and/or draw
conclusions based on analysis of a text.
• Based on information in the passage, what
conclusion can be made about apples?
• A. They should be eaten every day.
• B. They are usually sweet in flavor.
• C. They are expensive since many are grown in
other countries.
• D. They have substances that benefit many
organs of the body.
L.N.2.1 Use appropriate strategies to make
and support interpretations of literature.
• L.N.2.1.2 Cite evidence from a text to support generalizations.
• Which statement from the passage best supports the generalization
that the sport of curling requires careful strategy?
• A. “The weight of a thrown rock affects the amount of curl, but a
rock’s progress can be altered by judicious sweeping to polish the
ice in front of it . . . ”
• B. “You have to think several rocks ahead to make sure that, at the
completion of each end of 16 rocks, your rocks are closest to the
button, the center of the house.”
• C. “The team receives one point for each of their rocks that is
within the house and is closer to the center than any of the
opposition’s rocks.”
• D. “Added complications are that there are rocks in positions that
block your access to the center of the target . . . ”
Quiz time again
• Preview the questions
• Read the passage
• Answer the questions
1. What can you infer from the first paragraph?
a. Mr. Reyman is a new teacher in the school.
b. The kids need to practice for the school musical.
c. There's an important math test coming up soon.
d. Most of the kids don't understand meteorology.
2. Why might you infer that the narrator's father is bald?
a. He likes to wear hats.
b. He said he used to have more hair.
c. The narrator said he had a shiny head.
d. The hat fit the narrator.
3. What can you infer about the fraction find?
a. Some kids couldn't find anything with a fraction on it.
b. Raquelita found the most interesting item.
c. Paco brought in his whole team.
d. The Beatles record was the most interesting thing.
4. From the story, what can you infer about the narrator's family?
a. They get along well together.
b. They argue a lot.
c. They live in a trailer.
d. They don't have time to do things together.
My math teacher, Mr. Reyman, always comes up with really great ideas. Take for example our assignment last
weekend. We thought he'd ask us to study for the upcoming test. Instead, on Friday he says, "Some of you have questioned
our need to study fractions and how often people really use them in everyday life. So to answer your query, I want you to go
on a fraction hunt this weekend!"
Raquelita raises her hand and asks, "You mean bring in like part of a fraction, like one shoe because it's half of
a whole pair?"
"Or bring me," Paco laughs, "since I play baseball, I'm of a team?"
"You've got it," Mr. Reyman agrees. "Actually bring things or just draw them. Your families can help. Let's see
who can find the most interesting!"
At dinner that night, I tell Dad and Mom about the assignment. "Sounds like fun," Mom says. "I bought new
shoes today. They're size ."
"Great! I'm on my way!" I say as I draw a shoe with a label inside.
In the kitchen, I spot measuring cups with and on them and a measuring spoon labeled . Dad brings in his
toolbox and says, "Look in here. You'll find lots of fractions!" I do, wrenches labeled and !
Over the next two days, we find many other things. Dad asks, "Did you know hats come in fractional sizes?"
"No, I usually see them labeled small, medium, and large!" I reply.
Dad laughs and shows me his hat with a tag inside labeled . "I used to wear a ," he chuckles. "My head must
be getting smaller . . . or maybe I just had more hair then!"
In the Sunday paper, I notice ads for sales, where things are or off. And Sunday night Dad shows me something
special he has with a fraction written on it. "You can take this to school, but just be very careful with it," he says as he wraps
it carefully in a soft cloth and puts it into a bag. "It's one of my favorites . . . and kind of rare."
Monday everyone brings bags of stuff and lots of pictures to class. Other kids have wrenches, measuring
utensils, and clothes. But no one else has the special thing my Dad gave me. "Wow!" says Mr. Reyman when I take it
carefully out of the bag. "An old Beatles record!"
He holds the record up for everyone to see. There, on the label, is the fraction and some letters: 33 RPM. Mr.
Reyman explains that the letters stand for Revolutions Per Minute . . . the number of times the record spins around on a
turntable each minute. He adds that today, CDs spin at between 200 and 500 RPM and produce a cleaner, clearer sound.
We all agree that fractions are useful and people do use them a lot in everyday life. I wonder what fun
assignment Mr. Reyman will think up next?
1. What can you infer from the first paragraph?
a. Mr. Reyman is a new teacher in the school.
b. The kids need to practice for the school musical.
c. There's an important math test coming up soon.
d. Most of the kids don't understand meteorology.
2. Why might you infer that the narrator's father is bald?
a. He likes to wear hats.
b. He said he used to have more hair.
c. The narrator said he had a shiny head.
d. The hat fit the narrator.
3. What can you infer about the fraction find?
a. Some kids couldn't find anything with a fraction on it.
b. Raquelita found the most interesting item.
c. Paco brought in his whole team.
d. The Beatles record was the most interesting thing.
4. From the story, what can you infer about the narrator's family?
a. They get along well together.
b. They argue a lot.
c. They live in a trailer.
d. They don't have time to do things together.
5. From the first paragraph, you can infer that
a. you can see dinosaurs only in museums.
b. all dinosaurs were very tall.
c. the author doesn't like dinosaurs.
d. people of all ages are interested in dinosaurs.
8. What can you infer from the fact that
Stegosaurus has just one row of plates?
a. Stegosaurus wasn't as old as scientists thought.
b. Old pictures and museum models of
Stegosaurus had to be changed.
c. Someone stole the other row of plates from a
museum.
6. Scientists found a rare blue lizard in Colombia,
d. Stegosaurus means "roof lizard."
so you can infer that
a. the scientists were looking for missing people.
9. What can you infer about lizard eggs?
b. some dinosaurs might have been blue.
a. Cooler temperatures should produce more
c. no dinosaurs had ever lived in Colombia.
female lizards.
d. the lizards built nests near the top of a volcano.
b. Hot weather should produce female lizards.
c. Cold temperatures will produce more male
7. Since scientists are always discovering new
lizards.
things about dinosaurs, you can infer that
d. Hot weather will produce more orange lizards.
a. they still might not have found the smallest or
biggest dinosaurs.
10. What can you infer about scientists?
b. science is no longer interested in looking for
a. They never watch TV.
fossils.
b. All scientists study about dinosaurs.
c. prehistoric people left written records with
descriptions of dinosaurs.
c. They don't always agree.
d. when scientists make inferences, they are
d. They never make mistakes.
always right.
Ancient Animals
Dinosaurs are everywhere. You see them in movies, books, museums, and TV documentaries. They
show up as stuffed toys or on T-shirts. These prehistoric beasts may be extinct—no longer living—but they're
definitely not forgotten!
It's been a long time since dinosaurs roamed and ruled Earth. Scientists say the last ones died about 65
million years ago. We know the dinosaurs are gone, but no one knows exactly why. After all, no one was here to
witness what happened! Most scientists believe dinosaurs died out after a gigantic meteorite hit Earth's surface
and drastically changed the planet's climate. Birds and mammals that were protected by feathers and fur, were
better able to adapt to the weather changes than cold-blooded dinosaurs.
Other scientists say dinosaurs aren't extinct, they just look different! These experts believe the
prehistoric beasts changed and developed into birds! Still other scientists say that Earth's warmer weather caused
more male than female dinosaurs to develop. So, they say, dinosaurs died out because there were no more females
to increase the population!
How do scientists know what dinosaurs looked like? There were no cameras millions of years ago, so
dinosaurs are the only ones who know . . . and they're not talking! Scientists get clues from dinosaur fossils, and
infer the rest.
Bones, footprints, and other remains are evidence of how big dinosaurs were and how they moved. To
figure out how they looked with their skin on, scientists look at animals that live today. Because dinosaurs were
lizard-like, scientists can infer that dinosaurs looked a lot like modern-day lizards. And since modern lizards are
brown, gray, or green, then dinosaurs probably were, too! That's why dinosaur pictures and museum models have
the same colors as today's lizard populations.
Scientists are always discovering new things about dinosaurs. In recent years, fossils were found in
Antarctica, proving that dinosaurs lived on every continent. Experts also figured out that Stegosaurus had only one
spread-out row of plates down its back, not two individual rows. And fossils of the smallest and the largest
dinosaurs have been found. What will scientists discover next?
5. From the first paragraph, you can infer that 8. What can you infer from the fact that
a. you can see dinosaurs only in museums.
Stegosaurus has just one row of plates?
b. all dinosaurs were very tall.
a. Stegosaurus wasn't as old as scientists
c. the author doesn't like dinosaurs.
thought.
d. people of all ages are interested in dinosaurs. b. Old pictures and museum models of
Stegosaurus had to be changed.
6. Scientists found a rare blue lizard in
c. Someone stole the other row of plates from a
Colombia, so you can infer that
museum.
a. the scientists were looking for missing
d. Stegosaurus means "roof lizard."
people.
b. some dinosaurs might have been blue.
9. What can you infer about lizard eggs?
c. no dinosaurs had ever lived in Colombia.
a. Cooler temperatures should produce more
d. the lizards built nests near the top of a
female lizards.
volcano.
b. Hot weather should produce female lizards.
c. Cold temperatures will produce more male
7. Since scientists are always discovering new lizards.
things about dinosaurs, you can infer that
d. Hot weather will produce more orange
a. they still might not have found the smallest lizards.
or biggest dinosaurs.
b. science is no longer interested in looking for 10. What can you infer about scientists?
fossils.
a. They never watch TV.
c. prehistoric people left written records with b. All scientists study about dinosaurs.
descriptions of dinosaurs.
c. They don't always agree.
d. when scientists make inferences, they are
d. They never make mistakes.
always right.
Questions
11. Which can you infer about mushrooms?
a. They are all poisonous.
b. They grow on soil.
c. They are all yellow.
d. They are all toadstools.
12. After reading the article, what can you infer about blue mushrooms?
a. They are extremely poisonous.
b. They are always safe to eat.
c. They will upset your stomach.
d. I don't have enough information to infer anything.
13. Which can you infer about mushrooms?
a. They are very expensive.
b. They are all flat.
c. People cook them.
d. They only grow under the ocean.
Toadstool or Mushroom
All toadstools are mushrooms, but not all mushrooms are toadstools!
That's because toadstools are mushrooms that are either poisonous or have a
bad taste. There are more than 2,000 mushroom species, and there's no simple
test to tell the poisonous ones from those safe to eat! You just have to learn to
recognize which is which.
Most toadstools aren't deadly if eaten, but they're likely to make you
very sick. For example, the Jack-o'-Lantern toadstool, whose bright orange cap
glows in the dark, might give you an upset stomach or diarrhea. But some
toadstools have deadly poison, and no amount of cooking can get rid of it.
They damage the liver and kidneys, and unless the eater gets immediate
treatment, he or she will die. That's why experts warn, never eat a mushroom
you find growing anywhere unless you know it's the safe kind.
Some of the loveliest toadstools are deadly. For example, the fly agaric
has a bright yellow, orange, or red cap with white bumps on top. Some people
cut up this deadly beauty, sprinkle it with sugar, and tempt pesky flies to drop
in for a meal. If they do, they get the specialty of the house: instant death!
Questions
11. Which can you infer about mushrooms?
a. They are all poisonous.
b. They grow on soil.
c. They are all yellow.
d. They are all toadstools.
12. After reading the article, what can you infer about blue mushrooms?
a. They are extremely poisonous.
b. They are always safe to eat.
c. They will upset your stomach.
d. I don't have enough information to infer anything.
13. Which can you infer about mushrooms?
a. They are very expensive.
b. They are all flat.
c. People cook them.
d. They only grow under the ocean.
Quiz Time Answers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.A
2.B
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.A
8.A
9.A
10.B
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Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
c
b
d
a
d
b
a
b
a
10.
c
11.
b
12.
d
13.
c