Pam Allen
pamela.allen@cms.k12.nc.us
Stacy Feldstein
stacy.feldstein@cms.k12.nc.us
Mariana De Luca
Mariana.deluca@cms.k12.nc.us
 Orthography = alphabetic spelling
 Phonetics = way for the same sound to be spelled
with the same letter every time, and for any letter to
stand for the same sound every time.
?
 George Bernard Shaw complained that spelling was so
inconsistent that fish could be spelled ghoti—gh as in
tough, o as in women, and ti as in nation.
 Sofa
 represents vowels in syllables that are not emphasized
in speaking and whose duration is very short
 general,
 about
 reader
 reserved for the vowel sound in all reduced syllables
#1 The first sound in each:
 a. judge [dʒ]
 b. Thomas [t]
 c. though [ð]
 d. easy [i]
 e. pneumonia [n]
 f. thought [θ]
 g. contact [k]
 h. phone [f]
 i. civic [s]
 j. usual [j]
#2: last sound in each
 a.fleece [s]
 b. neigh [eI]
 c. long [ŋ]
 d. health [θ]
 e. watch [tʃ]
 f. cow [aʊ]
 g. rough [f]
 h. cheese [z]
 i. bleached [t]
 j. rags [z]
 a. physics [fIzIks]
 k. coat [kot]
 b. merry [meri]
 l. Rodman [radmən]
 c. marry [mæri]
 m. heath [hiθ]
 d. Mary [meri]
 n. “your name” [stesi]
 e. yellow [jɛlo]
 o. touch [tətʃ]
 f. sticky [stIki]
 p. cough [kɔf]
 g. transcription
 q. larynx [lærIŋks]
[trænskrIpʃən]
 h. Fromkin [frəmkIn]
 i. tease [tIz]
 j. weather [wɛðər]
 r. through [θru]
 s. beautiful [bjutəfəl]
 t. honest [anəst]
 u. president [prɛzədənt]
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[hit] = heat
[strok] = stroke
[fez] = phase
[ton] = tone
[boni] = bony
[skrim] = scream
[frut] = fruit
[pritʃər] = preacher
[krak] = crack
[baks] = box
[θæŋks] = thanks
[wɛnzde] = Wednesday
 [krɔld] = crawled
 [kantʃiɛntʃəs] =
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conscientious
[parləmɛntæriən] =
parlimentarian
[kwəbɛk] = Quebec
[pitsə] = pizza
[bərak obamə] = Barack
Obama
[dʒɔn məken] = John
McCain
[tu θaʊzənd ænd et] = two
thousand and eight
 Bilabial:
 Labiodental:
 Interdental:
 Alveolar:
 Palatal:
 Velar:
 Glottal:
p
f
θ
t
ʃ
k
h
b
v
ð
d
ʒ
g
ʔ
m
n
t
ŋ
s
ʃ
z
dʒ
l
r
 the constriction occurs by raising the front part of the
tongue to the palate.
 mission [mɪʃən]
 Measure [mɛʒər]
 cheap [tʃip]
 judge [dʒʌdʒ]
 yoyo [jojo]
 sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to
the soft palate or velum
 The initial and final sounds of:
 kick [kɪk]
 gig [gɪg
 final sounds of:
 back [bӕk]
 bag [bӕg]
 bang [bӕŋ]
 produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula,
the fleshy protuberance that hangs down in the back of
our throats.
 The r in French is often a uvular trill symbolized by [ʀ].
 The uvular sounds [q] and [ɢ] occur in Arabic. These
sounds do not ordinarily occur in English.
 [h]
 flow of air through the open glottis, and past the tongue
and lips
 a vowel sound always follows [h]
 [ʔ]
 air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed
vocal cords
 glottal stop: interjection “uh-oh” [ʔʌʔo]
 file://localhost/Volumes/FELDSTEIN/SCAN/IPA and
Phonetics Handouts.pdf